Cognitive dysfunctions in first episode pychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s240-s240
Author(s):  
K. Alptekin ◽  
E. Aydınlı ◽  
A. Ayer ◽  
B. Yalınçetin ◽  
H. Ulaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions

Cognitive dysfunctions are one of the main domains of symptom clusters in schizophrenia that are strongly related to poor prognosis and psychosocial impairment. We conducted a study to investigate the level of cognitive functions in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) and effect of psychosocial factors related to psychosis and cognitive dysfunctions in this population. We included 60 FEP patients and 60 healthy control subjects. Cognitive functions of the study population were evaluated by using neuropsychological test battery including Stroop, Rey Verbal Learning and Memory, Digit Span, Trail Making, Digit Symbols, Controlled Word Association etc. Psychosocial risk factors were assessed using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Social Environment Measurement Tool, Life Events Scale, Tobacco Alcohol Use Scale and Substance/Marijuana Use Scale. Cognitive functions were significantly impaired in FEP patients compared to normal controls. Patients had poor performance in verbal memory, attention, processing speed, working memory and executive functions that is similar to the previous literature findings. Stressful life events in the last year and familial liability of schizophrenia and psychosis in 1st degree relatives were strong predictors to develop psychosis in patients with FEP. Both factors also seemed to be related to cognitive dysfunctions. In this study, patients with stressful life events in the last year were likely to have memory and executive dysfunctions. It has been shown that psychosocial risk factors had played an important role in developing psychosis. However, these factors also may negatively affect cognitive functions that may make the patient predispose to develop psychosis in FEP patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental determinants of stressful life events and their overlap with depression and neuroticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni-Kim Clarke ◽  
Yanni Zeng ◽  
Lauren Navrady ◽  
Charley Xia ◽  
Chris Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Genetic Overlap

Background: Stressful life events (SLEs) and neuroticism are risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, SLEs and neuroticism are heritable and genetic risk for SLEs is associated with risk for MDD. We sought to investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to SLEs in a family-based sample, and quantify genetic overlap with MDD and neuroticism. Methods: A subset of Generation Scotland: the Scottish Family Health Study (GS), consisting of 9618 individuals with information on MDD, past 6 month SLEs, neuroticism and genome-wide genotype data was used in the present study. We estimated the heritability of SLEs using GCTA software. The environmental contribution to SLEs was assessed by modelling familial, couple and sibling components. Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) and LD score regression (LDSC) we analysed the genetic overlap between MDD, neuroticism and SLEs. Results: Past 6-month life events were positively associated with lifetime MDD status (β=0.21, r2=1.1%, p=2.5 x 10-25) and neuroticism (β =0.13, r2=1.9%, p=1.04 x 10-37) at the phenotypic level.  Common SNPs explained 8% of the phenotypic variance in personal life events (those directly affecting the individual) (S.E.=0.03, p= 9 x 10-4). A significant effect of couple environment was detected accounting for 13% (S.E.=0.03, p=0.016) of the phenotypic variation in SLEs. PRS analyses found that reporting more SLEs was associated with a higher polygenic risk for MDD (β =0.05, r2=0.3%, p=3 x 10-5), but not a higher polygenic risk for neuroticism. LDSC showed a significant genetic correlation between SLEs and both MDD (rG=0.33, S.E.=0.08 ) and neuroticism (rG=0.15, S.E.=0.07). Conclusions: These findings suggest that SLEs should not be regarded solely as environmental risk factors for MDD as they are partially heritable and this heritability is shared with risk for MDD and neuroticism. Further work is needed to determine the causal direction and source of these associations.

Life events and psychosocial factors in elderly suicides – a case–control study

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. RUBENOWITZ ◽  
M. WAERN ◽  
K. WILHELMSON ◽  
P. ALLEBECK
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
Population Controls

Background. Stressful life events, such as family conflicts, separation, bereavement, somatic illness and financial problems are common antecedents of suicide. Studies on suicide among younger persons dominate the literature, despite the fact that a large proportion of suicides occur among elderly persons.Methods. The occurrence of stressful life events was investigated among elderly suicide cases and population controls. The study was conducted in the southwestern part of Sweden and included 85 persons (46 males and 39 females) 65 years and above who had committed suicide from January 1994 to May 1996. Population controls (84 males and 69 females) were randomly selected. Interviews were carried out with the controls and with informants for the suicide cases. Questions on sociodemographic background, mental and somatic health status, and life events (0–6, 7–12 and 13–24 months preceding suicide/interview) were included in the interviews.Results. Somatic illness, family discord and financial trouble were significant risk factors during all three time periods. Other risk factors were mental disorder, lower education, feelings of loneliness and previous suicide in the family. Factors associated with a decreased risk included active participation in organizations and having a hobby. Variables that remained in the multivariate logistic regression model were mental disorder (men, odds ratio (OR) = 62·4, 95% CI 17·9–217·5; women, OR = 55·9, 95% CI 14·1–222·3) and family discord (men, OR = 10·0, 95% CI 1·7–59·8; women, OR = 9·2, 95% CI 1·9–44·8).Conclusions. Mental disorder and family discord were the two major risk factors for suicide among elderly men and women.

Incidence of stressful life events and influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the onset of first-episode psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Butjosa ◽  
Juana Gómez-Benito ◽  
Elena Huerta-Ramos ◽  
Núria Del cacho ◽  
Ana Barajas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental determinants of stressful life events and their overlap with depression and neuroticism

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni-Kim Clarke ◽  
Yanni Zeng ◽  
Lauren Navrady ◽  
Charley Xia ◽  
Chris Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Genetic Overlap

Background: Stressful life events (SLEs) and neuroticism are risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, SLEs and neuroticism are heritable and genetic risk for SLEs is correlated with risk for MDD. We sought to investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to SLEs in a family-based sample, and quantify genetic overlap with MDD and neuroticism. Methods: A subset of Generation Scotland: the Scottish Family Health Study (GS), consisting of 9618 individuals with information on MDD, past 6 month SLEs, neuroticism and genome-wide genotype data was used in the present study. We estimated the heritability of SLEs using GCTA software. The environmental contribution to SLEs was assessed by modelling familial, couple and sibling components. Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) and LD score regression (LDSC) we analysed the genetic overlap between MDD, neuroticism and SLEs. Results: Past 6-month life events were positively correlated with lifetime MDD status (β=0.21, r2=1.1%, p=2.5 x 10-25) and neuroticism (β =0.13, r2=1.9%, p=1.04 x 10-37) at the phenotypic level.  Common SNPs explained 8% of the phenotypic variance in personal life events (those directly affecting the individual) (S.E.=0.03, p= 9 x 10-4). A significant effect of couple environment was detected accounting for 13% (S.E.=0.03, p=0.016) of the phenotypic variation in SLEs. PRS analyses found that reporting more SLEs was associated with a higher polygenic risk for MDD (β =0.05, r2=0.3%, p=3 x 10-5), but not a higher polygenic risk for neuroticism. LDSC showed a significant genetic correlation between SLEs and both MDD (rG=0.33, S.E.=0.08 ) and neuroticism (rG=0.15, S.E.=0.07). Conclusions: These findings suggest that SLEs should not be regarded solely as environmental risk factors for MDD as they are partially heritable and this heritability is shared with risk for MDD and neuroticism. Further work is needed to determine the causal direction and source of these associations.

scholarly journals Depression is more than the sum score of its parts: individual DSM symptoms have different risk factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2067-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Fried ◽  
R. M. Nesse ◽  
K. Zivin ◽  
C. Guille ◽  
S. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Childhood Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Sum Scores

BackgroundFor diagnostic purposes, the nine symptoms that compose the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are assumed to be interchangeable indicators of one underlying disorder, implying that they should all have similar risk factors. The present study investigates this hypothesis, using a population cohort that shifts from low to elevated depression levels.MethodWe assessed the nine DSM-5 MDD criterion symptoms (using the Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) and seven depression risk factors (personal and family MDD history, sex, childhood stress, neuroticism, work hours, and stressful life events) in a longitudinal study of medical interns prior to and throughout internship (n = 1289). We tested whether risk factors varied across symptoms, and whether a latent disease model could account for heterogeneity between symptoms.ResultsAll MDD symptoms increased significantly during residency training. Four risk factors predicted increases in unique subsets of PHQ-9 symptoms over time (depression history, childhood stress, sex, and stressful life events), whereas neuroticism and work hours predicted increases in all symptoms, albeit to varying magnitudes. MDD family history did not predict increases in any symptom. The strong heterogeneity of associations persisted after controlling for a latent depression factor.ConclusionsThe influence of risk factors varies substantially across DSM depression criterion symptoms. As symptoms are etiologically heterogeneous, considering individual symptoms in addition to depression diagnosis might offer important insights obfuscated by symptom sum scores.

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