Family Functioning, Trauma Exposure and PTSD in a Middle-income Community Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S157-S157
Author(s):  
S. Dorrington ◽  
H. Zavos ◽  
H. Ball ◽  
P. McGuffin ◽  
A. Sumathipala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cumulative Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Middle Income

IntroductionOnly a minority of trauma-exposed individuals go on to develop post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies in high-income countries suggest that maladaptive family functioning adversities (MFFA) in childhood may partially ex-plain individual variation in vulnerability to PTSD following trauma. We test in a lower middle income setting (Sri Lanka) whether: (1) MFFA moderates the association between exposure to trauma and later (a) PTSD (b) other psychiatric diagnoses; (2) any moderation by MFFA is explained by experiences of interpersonal violence, cumulative trauma exposure or other psychopathology.MethodsWe conducted a population study of 3995 twins and 2019 singletons residing in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Participants completed the composite international diagnostic interview, including nine traumatic exposures and a questionnaire on MFFA.ResultsIn total, 23.4% of participants reported exposure to MFFA. We found that (1) MFFA moderates the association between trauma exposure and both (a) PTSD and (b) non-PTSD diagnosis. (2) This was not explained by interpersonal violence, cumulative trauma exposure or other psychopathology.ConclusionsIn our sample MFFA moderates the association between trauma and PTSD, and the association between trauma and non-PTSD psychopathology.

Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
D. Varghese ◽  
J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.

scholarly journals Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110454
Author(s):  
William Tamayo-Aguledo ◽  
Alida Acosta-Ortiz ◽  
Aseel Hamid ◽  
Carolina Gómez-García ◽  
María Camila García-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Aims: Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12 to 17-year-old adolescents ( N = 1,754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85–0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85–0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.

One-Year Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder in Ontarians 15 to 64 Years of Age

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Offord ◽  
Michael H Boyle ◽  
Dugal Campbell ◽  
Paula Goering ◽  
Elizabeth Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Objective: To present the one-year prevalence of 14 psychiatric disorders in a community sample of Ontarians aged 15 to 64 years. Method: Data on psychiatric disorders were collected on 9953 respondents using the University of Michigan revision of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI). DSM-III-R criteria were used to define the psychiatric disorders. Results: Almost 1 in 5 Ontarians (18.6%) had one or more of the disorders measured in the survey. Among 15- to 24-year-olds, 1 in 4 was affected. The distribution of individual disorders varied by sex and age. Conclusion: Because of the immense burden of suffering associated with psychiatric disorders, clinical and research efforts in this area should receive high priority within the health budget.

scholarly journals Prevalence of DSM-IV Major Psychiatric Disorders among North Korean Defectors in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Kyoung Eun Lee ◽  
Carolyn Seungyoun Moon ◽  
Ji Hyun An ◽  
Hyo Chul Lee ◽  
Da Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The North ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Specific Disorders

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among North Korean defectors (NKD) settled in South Korea.Methods The study population consisted of 294 North Korean defectors, aged 18 to 64 years settled in South Korea for 3 years or less. Between June 1, 2016 and October 31, 2016, face-to-face interviews were conducted using the North Korean version of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (NK-CIDI) to diagnose DSM-IV psychiatric disorders.Results The lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV psychiatric disorders was 62.2% in NKD and 25.0% in the general Korean population. The prevalence of specific disorders in NKD and general Korean population was as follows: 22.3% and 4.9% for major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2% and 1.4% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18.0% and 4.8% for nicotine dependence, and 14.5% and 11.2% for alcohol abuse. The incidence of every single psychiatric disorder varied in each country. For instance, the generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and alcohol use disorder occurred more frequently in North Korea whereas PTSD was more prevalent in other countries.Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among NKD was quite higher than in the general population of South Korea.

scholarly journals Accuracy of proactive case finding for mental disorders by community informants in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. D. Jordans ◽  
Brandon A. Kohrt ◽  
Nagendra P. Luitel ◽  
Ivan H. Komproe ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Primary Care Settings

BackgroundAccurate detection of persons in need of mental healthcare is crucial to reduce the treatment gap between psychiatric burden and service use in low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries.AimsTo evaluate the accuracy of a community-based proactive case-finding strategy (Community Informant Detection Tool, CIDT), involving pictorial vignettes, designed to initiate pathways for mental health treatment in primary care settings.MethodCommunity informants using the CIDT identified screen positive (n = 110) and negative persons (n = 85). Participants were then administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsThe CIDT has a positive predictive value of 0.64 (0.68 for adults only) and a negative predictive value of 0.93 (0.91 for adults only).ConclusionsThe CIDT has promising detection properties for psychiatric caseness. Further research should investigate its potential to increase demand for, and access to, mental health services.

scholarly journals Impact of childhood exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. McFarlane ◽  
Miranda Van Hooff
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundStudies examining the impact of childhood disaster exposure on the development of adult psychopathology report increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychopathology.AimsTo examine the rates of PTSD and other lifetime DSM–IV disorders in adults exposed to an Australian bushfire disaster as children in 1983 using a matched control sample recruited at the time of the original study.MethodA total of 1011 adults recruited from an original sample of 1531 were assessed 20 years following the fires using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI–2.1).ResultsResults showed only a small direct impact of the fires on adult psychiatric morbidity. A higher proportion of bushfire survivors met criteria for ‘any DSM–IV disorder’ and ‘any anxiety’.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the long-term impact of a prominent trauma in childhood should be assessed in the context of other lifetime trauma in order to provide a more accurate account of PTSD prevalence rates.

scholarly journals War-related psychological stressors and risk of psychological disorders in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian F. Ikin ◽  
Malcolm R. Sim ◽  
Mark C. Creamer ◽  
Andrew B. Forbes ◽  
Dean P. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Gulf War Veterans ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundQuestions remain about the long-term health impacts of the 1991 Gulf War on its veterans.AimsTo measure psychological disorders in Australian Gulf War veterans and a military comparison group and to explore any association with exposure to Gulf War-related psychological stressors.MethodPrevalences of DSM–IV psychological disorders were measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Gulf War-related psychological stressors were measured using a service experience questionnaire.ResultsA total of 31% of male Gulf War veterans and 21% of the comparison group met criteria for a DSM–IVdisorder first present in the post-Gulf War period. The veterans were at greater risk of developing post-Gulf War anxiety disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder, affective disorders and substance use disorders. The prevalence of such disorders remained elevated a decade after deployment. The findings can be explained partly as a ‘war-deployment effect‘. There was a strong dose–response relationship between psychological disorders and number of reported Gulf War-related psychological stressors.ConclusionsService in the 1991 Gulf War is associated with increased risk of psychological disorders and these are related to stressful experiences.

scholarly journals Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tamayo-Aguledo ◽  
Alida Acosta-Ortiz ◽  
Aseel Hamid ◽  
Carolina Gomez-Garcia ◽  
Maria Camila Garcia-Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12-17-year-old adolescents (N = 1754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm, and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85 - 0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86 - 0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86 - 0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85 - 0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.

scholarly journals Recurrent brief depressive disorder reinvestigated: a community sample of adolescents and young adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. PEZAWAS ◽  
H.-U. WITTCHEN ◽  
H. PFISTER ◽  
J. ANGST ◽  
R. LIEB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Course Stability ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background. This article presents prospective lower bound estimations of findings on prevalence, incidence, clinical correlates, severity markers, co-morbidity and course stability of threshold and subthreshold recurrent brief depressive disorder (RBD) and other mood disorders in a community sample of 3021 adolescents.Method. Data were collected at baseline (age 14–17) and at two follow-up interviews within an observation period of 42 months. Diagnostic assessment was based on the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results. Our data suggest that RBD is a prevalent (2·6%) clinical condition among depressive disorders (21·3%) being at least as prevalent as dysthymia (2·3%) in young adults over lifetime. Furthermore, RBD is associated with significant clinical impairment sharing many features with major depressive disorder (MDD). Suicide attempts were reported in 7·8% of RBD patients, which was similar to MDD (11·9%). However, other features, like gender distribution or co-morbidity patterns, differ essentially from MDD. Furthermore, the lifetime co-occurrence of MDD and RBD or combined depression represents a severe psychiatric condition.Conclusions. This study provides further independent support for RBD as a clinically significant syndrome that could not be significantly explained as a prodrome or residual of major affective disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document