Hospitalization budget impact during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

Objectives The aim was to determine the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Spain’s health budget. Methods Budget impact analyses based on retrospective data from patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) admitted to a Spanish hospital between February 26 and May 21, 2020. Direct medical costs from the perspective of the hospital were calculated. We analyzed diagnostic tests, drugs, medical and nursing care, and isolation ward and ICU stays for three cohorts: patients seen in the emergency room only, hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and patients who tested negative. Results The impact on the hospital’s budget for the 3 months was calculated at €15,633,180, 97.4% of which was related to health care and hospitalization. ICU stays accounted for 5.3% of the total costs. The mean cost per patient was €10,744. The main costs were staffing costs (10,131 to 11,357 €/patient for physicians and 10,274 to 11,215 €/patient for nurses). Scenario analysis showed that the range of hospital expenditure was between €14,693,256 and €16,524,924. The median impact of the pandemic on the Spanish health budget in the sensitivity analysis using bootstrapped individual data was €9357 million (interquartile range [IQR], 9071 to 9689) for the conservative scenario (113,588 hospital admissions and 11,664 ICU admissions) and €10,385 million (IQR, 110,030 to 10,758) for the worst-case scenario (including suspected cases). Conclusion The impact of COVID-19 on the Spanish public health budget (12.3% of total public health expenditure) is greater than multiple sclerosis, cancer and diabetes cost.

TIME TO TRACK ENDEMIC DISEASES: EXTRAORDINARY OCCURRENCE DISEASES SHRINKAGE, POLICY, AND ITS RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (2000-2018) IN INDONESIA

During 2000-2018 various disease outbreaks (extraordinary occurrences) continued to occur in Indonesia. Its endemic disease outbreak has fluctuated with other endemic, both infectious and non-communicable diseases. This epidemic's vulnerability gives concern for the government to try to deal with various outbreaks that hit Indonesian citizens. This paper aims to review and analyze frequent outbreaks and the extent of the Indonesian government's in tackling disease outbreaks – including policies and its health resources. By analyzing the successes and failures of policies that have occurred, our findings conclude that adequate governance is needed in dealing with disease outbreaks –including Diarrhea, DFH, and Measles. Therefore, the government's key concern is the need for new policies alternative in dealing with disease outbreaks (in cases; Diarrhea, DFH, and Measles), health budget ability, equitable development of health facilities, and equal medical distribution personnel.

Pajak Rokok Dalam Kebijakan Anggaran Kesehatan Di Provinsi Jawa Barat

Taxes are the country's largest source of income. Cigarettes are one of the goods that are subject to excise, and the results of cigarette excise are included in taxes for the region. The regulation on cigarettes has two opposite sides and traps in quite a dilemma. On the one hand, the cigarette tax provides a large income for a region, but on the other hand, the government must also be responsible for the negative impact of cigarettes on the health of its consumers, which results in an increase in the budget for health facilities. Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies Article 31 on cigarette taxes that enter local government revenues applies a minimum of 50% to enter into health service funding. The object of this research is the Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) of Java Province. West Java Provincial Health Office. This research uses descriptive research methods and a qualitative approach. The use of cigarette taxes in West Java has been appropriate in terms of the inclusion of cigarette tax results in the health budget, but the absorption is still not optimal. The West Java Health Office focuses on the fulfillment of medical devices to deal with the negative effects of smoking on society. Meanwhile, local governments should be better at absorbing the budget from cigarette taxes in order to be effective and efficient in their use, then there needs to be socialization to the public regarding the special cigaretttax allocation for the health budget.

Factors Related to HIV AIDS Fund Expenditure 2010-2018 (NASA 2019 Data Analysis)

The prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS and various achievement targets are still challenges in HIV/AIDS intervention in Indonesia. Indonesia is required to map out the current resources and their allocation in dealing with HIV AIDS. The objective of this study is to know the distribution and the factors that related with the HIV/AIDS expenditure in the year 2010-2018. This study uses a correlation study design derived from the 2019 National AIDS Spending Assesment (NASA) report and other data sources. The results of the study show that the total expenditure on HIV/AIDS programs in 2017 was 143,053,754 USD and decreased to 107,680,959 USD in 2018. Of the total expenditure, about 60% each came from public funding, an increase of 30% over 10 years. There is a strong relationship between HIV expenditure and the variables of reported HIV cases, ARV coverage, GDP growth and health budget. Total domestic expenditure on HIV and the total health budget had the strongest relationship (R=0.885) with a contribution of 78.3% effect on the health budget (p=0.001). The availability of domestic funds is still limited and is dominated by the allocation of treatment. The high level of dependence on international funding especially on prevention means that the architecture of HIV/AIDS funding needs to be reorganized to protect the sustainability of HIV funding.

Budgetary parameters on health human resource among healthcare workers in Samburu County Referral Hospital, Kenya

Health should be the colossus of each country if not the world, since everything else from being human depends on the health status of that people. A healthy nation is a working nation and a working nation is a growing and developing nation. While the economy of majority of countries is growing the health budget of all if not majority of the countries is increasing at a very high rate While markets adapted quickly to growing demand, public policy to address market failures in health care and protect the most vulnerable has adjusted more slowly.The chief reason for carrying out this project was to determine the budgetary parameters on Health Human Resource among Healthcare Workers in Samburu County Referral Hospital, Kenya.The investigation was a cross-sectional study. A sample population of 106 participants was picked using Fishers et al method of 1998. Data collection was done using a survey with open and closed ended queries. A key informant interviews was held with the various top level management managers to gain deeper insights into the study. A strict inclusion criterion was followed to select the respondents from all trained health personnel in Samburu County Referral Hospital. Data was analysed using SPSS, presented in figures with various diagrams like charts and tables and interpreted using descriptive statistics. Majority of the healthcare workers agreed that they do not receive their salary on time with a statistically significant value p = 0.0001, indicating that the county has a challenge financial resources to pay its workers on time. With regards to remuneration among the healthcare workers a small number of about 4% with a p value of 0.002 strongly agreed with being comfortable, they seem to be satisfied with their kind of remunerations they receive. A health budget is a pivotal and consequential organizational document that guides and dictates major financial objectives and even a monitoring tool towards the agreed health policies, strategies and policies. The findings will enable the policy makers and other shareholders to review the health policies in order to address the budgetary parameters on Health Human Resource among Healthcare Workers.