Connectivity differences between bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S348-S348
Author(s):  
S. Metin ◽  
B. Metin ◽  
C. Tas ◽  
N. Tarhan
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

IntroductionDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is used frequently to explore white matter tract morphology and connectivity in psychiatric disorders. Connectivity alterations were previously reported for bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and schizophrenia. However, there is limited data on how these disorders differ from one another in terms of connectivity.AimsIn this study, we aimed to explore connectivity differences between these disorders.MethodsWe analyzed DTI data of 37 patients with schizophrenia, 41 patients with bipolar disorder and 46 patients with unipolar depression. Group analyses were performed for schizophrenia versus bipolar and bipolar versus unipolar contrasts with using age as a covariate.ResultsThreshold corrected results showed that connectivity at internal capsule and corpus callosum were most distinctive between groups. For corpus callosum (splenium), unipolar group showed the highest connectivity and schizophrenia group showed the lowest connectivity (Fig. 1). For internal capsule, schizophrenia group had the highest connectivity and unipolar group had the lowest connectivity (Fig. 2). Bipolar group had intermediate values for both tracts.ConclusionsThese results indicate that connectivity analysis may be helpful for differentiating psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals White matter abnormalities of corpus callosum in patients with bipolar disorder and suicidal ideation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Miao Chang ◽  
Shengnan Wei ◽  
Yanqing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Abstract Objective Although many studies have shown that the corpus callosum (CC) may play an important role in bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide, the pathophysiological mechanism of BD underlying suicidal behavior is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the CC, and BD and suicidal ideation using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Method A total of 203 participants (47 BD patients with suicidal ideation, 59 with BD without suicidal ideation, and 97 healthy controls [HC]) underwent DTI scanning at a single site. We examined the white matter integrity of the CC in the three groups. Results A comparison among groups showed that BD patients with suicidal ideation had significant lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values than those of BD without suicidal ideation and HCs in the body and genu of the CC, and FA values of BD without suicidal ideation were significantly lower than those of HCs. However, in the splenium of corpus callosum, no difference was found between BD without suicidal ideation and HCs. Conclusions Our findings add to the evidence suggesting that the CC plays a key role in BD with suicidal ideation, especially with respect to the role of the genu and body of the CC subserving emotion regulation.

Fatty acid composition of the postmortem corpus callosum of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamazaki ◽  
M. Maekawa ◽  
T. Toyota ◽  
B. Dean ◽  
T. Hamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Major Depressive

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating the relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and psychiatric disorders have thus far focused mainly on analyzing gray matter, rather than white matter, in the postmortem brain. In this study, we investigated whether PUFA levels showed abnormalities in the corpus callosum, the largest area of white matter, in the postmortem brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder.MethodsFatty acids in the phospholipids of the postmortem corpus callosum were evaluated by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Specimens were evaluated for patients with schizophrenia (n = 15), bipolar disorder (n = 15), or major depressive disorder (n = 15) and compared with unaffected controls (n = 15).ResultsIn contrast to some previous studies, no significant differences were found in the levels of PUFAs or other fatty acids in the corpus callosum between patients and controls. A subanalysis by sex gave the same results. No significant differences were found in any PUFAs between suicide completers and non-suicide cases regardless of psychiatric disorder diagnosis.ConclusionsPatients with psychiatric disorders did not exhibit n-3 PUFAs deficits in the postmortem corpus callosum relative to the unaffected controls, and the corpus callosum might not be involved in abnormalities of PUFA metabolism. This area of research is still at an early stage and requires further investigation.

White matter microstructural abnormalities in families multiply affected with bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor tractography study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2139-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Emsell ◽  
C. Chaddock ◽  
N. Forde ◽  
W. Van Hecke ◽  
G. J. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Participant Group ◽  
Dti Tractography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

BackgroundWhite matter (WM) abnormalities are proposed as potential endophenotypic markers of bipolar disorder (BD). In a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) voxel-based analysis (VBA) study of families multiply affected with BD, we previously reported that widespread abnormalities of fractional anisotropy (FA) are associated with both BD and genetic liability for illness. In the present study, we further investigated the endophenotypic potential of WM abnormalities by applying DTI tractography to specifically investigate tracts implicated in the pathophysiology of BD.MethodDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 19 patients with BD type I from multiply affected families, 21 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 18 healthy volunteers. DTI tractography was used to identify the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus (UF), arcuate portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), corpus callosum, and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of participant group and genetic liability on FA and radial diffusivity (RD) in each tract.ResultsWe detected a significant effect of group on both FA and RD in the cingulum, SLF, callosal splenium and ILF driven by reduced FA and increased RD in patients compared to controls and relatives. Increasing genetic liability was associated with decreased FA and increased RD in the UF, and decreased FA in the SLF, among patients.ConclusionsWM microstructural abnormalities in limbic, temporal and callosal pathways represent microstructural abnormalities associated with BD whereas alterations in the SLF and UF may represent potential markers of endophenotypic risk.

scholarly journals Abnormal Corpus Callosum Integrity in Bipolar Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 730-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Jessica H. Kalmar ◽  
Erin Edmiston ◽  
Lara G. Chepenik ◽  
Zubin Bhagwagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

scholarly journals Microstructural White Matter Changes in the Corpus Callosum of Young People with Bipolar Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e59108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Lagopoulos ◽  
Daniel F. Hermens ◽  
Sean N. Hatton ◽  
Juliette Tobias-Webb ◽  
Kristi Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Young People ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Sensitivity and specificity of the Italian version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale. Different scores in distinct populations with unipolar depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S333-S333
Author(s):  
D. Piacentino ◽  
P. Girardi ◽  
K.G.D. Md ◽  
L. Sanna ◽  
I. Pacchiarotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionTo date, the proposition of recurrence as a subclinical bipolar disorder feature has not received adequate testing.Objectives/AimsWe used the Italian version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (BSDS), a self-rated questionnaire of bipolar risk, in a sample of patients with mood disorders to test its specificity and sensitivity in identifying cases and discriminating between high risk for bipolar disorder major depressive patients (HRU) and low risk (LRU) adopting as a high recurrence cut-off five or more lifetime major depressive episodes.MethodsWe included 115 patients with DSM-5 bipolar disorder (69 type I, 41 type II, and 5 NOS) and 58 with major depressive disorder (29 HRU and 29 LRU, based on the recurrence criterion). Patients filled-out the Italian version of the BSDS, which is currently undergoing a validation process.ResultsThe BSDS, adopting a threshold of 14, had 84% sensitivity and 76% specificity. HRU, as predicted, scored on the BSDS intermediate between LRU and bipolar disorder. Clinical characteristics of HRU were more similar to bipolar disorder than to LRU; HRU, like bipolar disorder patients, had more lifetime hospitalizations, higher suicidal ideation and attempt numbers, and higher rates of family history of suicide.ConclusionsThe BSDS showed satisfactory sensitivity and sensitivity. Splitting the unipolar sample into HRU and LRU, on the basis of the at least 5 lifetime major depressive episodes criterion, yielded distinct unipolar subpopulations that differ on outcome measures and BSDS scores.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

146 Prefrontal Cortical Connectivity-Based Segmentation of the Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule: Implications for Stereotactic Targeting for Refractory OCD

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (CN_suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
Pranav Nanda MPhil ◽  
Garrett P Banks ◽  
Justin Oh ◽  
Yagna Pathak ◽  
Sameer A Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Deterministic Tractography ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Abstract INTRODUCTION Although most patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are well controlled with pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy, 10–20% remain severe and refractory. Stereotactic targeting of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) has been used for decades to treat these patients. However, there is uncertainty about optimal targeting within the ALIC, as different locations appear to have variable efficacy. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we segmented the ALIC based on prefrontal connectivity to evaluate the effect of various stereotactic targets. METHODS ALIC segmentations based on frontal Brodmann area (BA) connectivity were generated and combined for 40 subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) using connectivity-based seed classification. Literature review revealed five stereotactic targets within the ALIC. Targets were modeled as 5 mm spheres and were evaluated for overlap with various DTI-defined ALIC segments. Deterministic tractography was performed on an 842-subject HCP DTI template using modeled targets as seeds to identify involved connectomic networks. RESULTS >All 40 ALIC segmentations exhibited a dorsal-ventral axis of organization. On average, the combined segmentation was accurate for 66.2% of individuals. The region assigned to BA11 (orbitofrontal cortex, OFC) exhibited the greatest consistency across individuals, with 12.1% being consistently assigned in all 40 subjects. According to the segmentation, a mean of 63.9% of modeled lesion volume within the ALIC intersected with the BA11 region. All five modeled targets exhibited connectivity to OFC in the 842-subject HCP template. CONCLUSION These results clarify the organization and variability of the ALIC. This variability suggests that patients may benefit from pre-operative tractography for individualized targeting, although current stereotactic targets tend to involve the most consistent ALIC subregions. These findings also suggest that stereotactic targeting for OCD likely involves modulation of prefrontal-subcortical tracts connecting the OFC, which bears relevance to the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) model of OCD pathophysiology.

The importance of establishing a good differential diagnosis in bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S338-S338
Author(s):  
I. Peñuelas Calvo ◽  
J. Sevilla Llewellyn-Jones ◽  
C. Cervesi ◽  
A. Sareen ◽  
A. González Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Disorder Type

Diagnosis plays a key role in identification of a disease, learn about its course, management and predicting prognosis. In mental health, diseases are often complex and coalesce of different symptoms. Diagnosing a mental health condition requires careful evaluation of the symptoms and excluding other differential disorders that may share common symptoms. Diagnose hastily can lead to misdiagnosis. A premature diagnosis or misdiagnosis has clear negative consequences. This is one of the problems related to mental health and one needs to optimize the diagnostic process to achieve a balance between sensitivity and specificity. Currently, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the major mental health conditions that is often misdiagnosed.To differentiate BD from unipolar depression with recurrent episodes or with personality disorder (PD), especially type Cluster B – with features shared with mania/hypomania like mental instability or impulsivity, it is important to differentiate between a diagnosis and its comorbidity. BD is often misdiagnosed as personality disorder and vice versa specially when both are coexisting (almost 20% of patients with bipolar disorder type II are misdiagnosed as personality disorders). This is common especially with borderline PD, although in some cases the histrionic PD may also be misdiagnosed as mania.Due to the inconsistency in patient care involving different psychiatrists combined with difficulty in obtaining a precise patient history and family history leads to loss of key information which in turn leads to misdiagnosis of the condition. The time delay in making the correct diagnosis cause by such inconsistencies may worsen the prognosis of the disease in the patient.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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