Familial liability to psychosis is a risk factor for multimorbidity in people with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Islam ◽  
M.F.H. Khan ◽  
P.J. Quee ◽  
H. Snieder ◽  
E.R. van den Heuvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Group Project ◽  
Gender And Age

AbstractBackground:Multimorbidity may impose an overwhelming burden on patients with psychosis and is affected by gender and age. Our aim is to study the independent role of familial liability to psychosis as a risk factor for multimorbidity.Methods:We performed the study within the framework of the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) project. Overall, we compared 1024 psychotic patients, 994 unaffected siblings and 566 controls on the prevalence of 125 lifetime diseases, and 19 self-reported somatic complaints. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more complaints/diseases in the same individual. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were used to investigate the effects of gender, age (adolescent, young, older) and familial liability (patients, siblings, controls) and their interactions on multimorbidity.Results:Familial liability had a significant effect on multimorbidity of either complaints or diseases. Patients had a higher prevalence of multimorbidity of complaints compared to siblings (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.79–2.69, P < 0.001) and to controls (3.05, 2.35–3.96, P < 0.001). In physical health multimorbidity, patients (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.75, P = 0.018), but not siblings, had significantly higher prevalence than controls. Similar finding were observed for multimorbidity of lifetime diseases, including psychiatric diseases. Significant results were observed for complaints and disease multimorbidity across gender and age groups.Conclusion:Multimorbidity is a common burden, significantly more prevalent in patients and their unaffected siblings. Familial liability to psychosis showed an independent effect on multimorbidity; gender and age are also important factors determining multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Distance to supermarkets and dietary variety among Japanese older adults: examining the moderating role of grocery delivery services

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Harada ◽  
Kouhei Masumoto ◽  
Shuichi Okada
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Dietary Variety ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Japanese Older Adults ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Objective: To examine whether using grocery delivery services moderates the relationship between distance to supermarket and dietary variety among Japanese older adults. Design: We conducted a 1-year prospective cohort study. Distance to supermarket was measured using geographic information systems. We collected information on dietary variety score (range 0–10), regular use of grocery delivery services and socio-demographic factors using a questionnaire delivered via post. Setting: The current study was performed in Nada Ward, Kobe City, Japan, from 2017 to 2018. Participants: Older adults living in Nada Ward (n 778). Results: The linear mixed model showed that a longer distance to supermarket (per 100 m: B = –0·07, 95 % CI –0·14, –0·01, P = 0·048) significantly predicted lower dietary variety after adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Using grocery delivery services (B = 0·28, 95 % CI –0·08, 0·64, P = 0·127) did not significantly predict dietary variety, and neither did its interaction with distance to supermarket (B = –0·04, 95 % CI –0·17, 0·10, P = 0·604). Conclusions: The current study found that longer distance to supermarket was associated with lower dietary variety among Japanese older adults and that the use of grocery delivery services did not moderate this association. The findings imply that the use of grocery delivery services is insufficient to reduce the negative influence of inconvenient food access on dietary variety among older adults.

scholarly journals Higher-order aberrations and their association with axial elongation in highly myopic children and adolescents

2022 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319769
Author(s):  
Yupeng Xu ◽  
Junjie Deng ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Xian Xu ◽  
Tianyu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Higher Order Aberrations ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Axial Elongation

BackgroundVision-dependent mechanisms play a role in myopia progression in childhood. Thus, we investigated the distribution of ocular and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in highly myopic Chinese children and adolescents and the relationship between HOA components and 1-year axial eye growth.MethodsBaseline cycloplegic ocular and corneal HOAs, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism and interpupillary distance (IPD) were determined for the right eyes of 458 highly myopic (SE ≤−5.0D) subjects. HOAs were compared among baseline age groups (≤12 years, 13–15 years and 16–18 years). Ninety-nine subjects completed the 1-year follow-up. Linear mixed model analyses were applied to determine the association between HOA components, other known confounding variables (age, gender, SE, astigmatism and IPD) and axial growth. A comparison with data from an early study of moderate myopia were conducted.ResultsAlmost all ocular HOAs and few corneal HOAs exhibited significant differences between different age groups (all p<0.05). After 1 year, only ocular HOA components was significantly negative associated with a longer AL, including secondary horizontal comatic aberration (p=0.019), primary spherical aberration (p<0.001) and spherical HOA (p=0.026). Comparing with the moderate myopia data, the association of comatic aberration with AL growth was only found in high myopia.ConclusionIn highly myopic children and adolescents, lower levels of annual ocular secondary horizontal comatic aberration changes, besides spherical aberrations, were associated with axial elongation. This suggests that ocular HOA plays a potential role in refractive development in high myopia.

scholarly journals Whole blood levels of S1PR4 mRNA associated with cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1837-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Pulcrano-Nicolas ◽  
Alice Jacquens ◽  
Carole Proust ◽  
Frédéric Clarençon ◽  
Claire Perret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

OBJECTIVEThe authors sought to identify mRNA biomarkers of cerebral vasospasm in whole blood of patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).METHODSA prospective transcriptomic study for vasospasm was conducted in whole blood samples of 44 aSAH patients who developed (VSP+ group, n = 22) or did not develop (VSP− group, n = 22) vasospasm. Samples from all patients were profiled for 21,460 mRNA probes using the Illumina Human HT12v4.0 array. Differential statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed model.RESULTSLevels of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4) mRNA were significantly higher (p = 8.03 × 10−6) at presentation in patients who developed vasospasm after aSAH than in patients who did not.CONCLUSIONSThe results, which are consistent with findings of previous experimental investigations conducted in animal models, support the role of S1PR4 and its ligand, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in arterial-associated vasoconstriction, which suggests that S1PR4 could be used as a biomarker for cerebral vasospasm in aSAH patients.

scholarly journals The role of electrotherapy in reducing the pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 512-515
Author(s):  
Elisabeta ANTONESCU ◽  
Sînziana Călina SILIŞTEANU ◽  
Maria TOTAN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Painful Symptom ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Physical Dysfunction ◽  
Recovery Treatment

Introduction. Osteoarthritis is considered to be the most common form of arthritis and a leading disability cause worldwide, especially due to the painful symptom. The latter is a clinical marker in evaluating the limits of joint mobility and therefore, the pain reduction is a goal of the recovery treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to show whether the pain phenomenon characteristic of knee osteoarthritis can be reduced by electrotherapy, even in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and method. The study lasted 5 months and included 171 patients diagnosed clinically and radiologically with knee osteoarthritis. The followed parameters were pain, physical dysfunction in daily activities, anxiety and quality of life. Results and discussions. The two groups of studied patients were homogeneous in terms of weight by gender and age groups. The evaluation of patients according to scales enabled the registration of statistically significant values, the value of p <0.05, which explains the validation of the working hypothesis. The feeling of pain is closely related to the level of anxiety. Conclusions. Analgesic electrotherapy significantly reduced the pain syndrome of the patients for whom it was used. It has been shown that the patients' anxiety can influence the pain phenomenon. Given the conditions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the anxiety of the patients who were in the outpatient department to receive recovery treatment was increased, but after the recovery treatment there was a decrease, so these patients' quality of life increased. Keywords: pain, analgesic electrotherapy, knee osteoarthritis, recovery treatment,

The Role of Voice Quality in Mandarin Sarcastic Speech: An Acoustic and Electroglottographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 2578-2588
Author(s):  
Shanpeng Li ◽  
Wentao Gu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Ping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Random Forest Algorithm ◽  
Classification Analysis

Purpose Sarcasm is a specialized speech act in daily vocal communication usually characterized by unique prosodic features, but the role of voice quality in expressing sarcasm has not been explored much. The goal of this study is to explore the voice quality features of Mandarin sarcastic speech in comparison to sincere speech. Method Fifteen male and 15 female native speakers of Mandarin uttered 31 target sentences with both sincere and sarcastic attitudes. Nine voice quality parameters extracted from the acoustic and electroglottographic signals were analyzed using a linear mixed model, and a classification analysis using a random forest algorithm was conducted to identify the relative contribution of these parameters to the differentiation between sincere and sarcastic utterances. Results In comparison to sincere speech, sarcastic speech had a creakier voice, which was characterized by a lower fundamental frequency, a greater degree of vocal fold adduction (i.e., higher contact quotient), lesser noise (i.e., higher harmonics-to-noise ratio), and more multiple pulsing (i.e., higher subharmonic-to-harmonic ratio). The interaction effect revealed a gender difference in the use of creakier voice to express sarcasm in Mandarin. The classification analysis using the random forest algorithm showed that the nine voice quality parameters resulted in 84.0% and 83.7% identification rates for sarcastic and sincere utterances, respectively. Conclusions The results of this preliminary study support the role of voice quality in expressing sarcasm in Mandarin speech. Using a set of voice quality parameters, sarcastic and sincere utterances can be effectively identified. Furthermore, there is a gender difference in the use of creakier voice in expressing Mandarin sarcastic speech. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12743780

Psychotic experiences as precursors in schizophrenia? Findings from a population-based sample in Germany (DEGS1-MH)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S48-S48
Author(s):  
C. Schmidt-Kraepelin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
German Health ◽  
Wide Range

There are only a few studies that have studied the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in a representative population-based sample and a broad range of age. The association and predictive role of PEs in the context of psychotic and other mental disorders remains a subject of discussion. The Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults is the first wave of a German health monitoring survey describing:– the distribution and frequency, the severity and the impairments of a wide range of mental disorders;– risk factors as well as patterns of help-seeking and health care utilization;– associations between mental and somatic disorders.A total of 4483 participants participated in the mental health section of the survey. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale and the Peter's Delusion Inventory were used to assess PEs by clinically experienced interviewers. We can confirm and extend previous findings for younger age groups that PEs are very frequent psychopathological expressions in the general population across genders and all age groups. PEs rates were elevated among those with other mental disorders, particularly among possible psychotic disorders, PTSD and affective disorders. This points to the relevant role of PEs as a marker for psychopathology and mental disorders. Future prospective studies will have to focus on specific properties of psychotic experiences such as their appraisal or underlying social influences to determine their significance for the prediction of psychotic and other mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Spain retains its title and sets a new record – generalized linear mixed models on European football championships

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Groll ◽  
Jasmin Abedieh
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Penalty Term ◽  
Sparse Model ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
European Football

AbstractNowadays many approaches that analyze and predict the results of football matches are based on bookmakers’ ratings. It is commonly accepted that the models used by the bookmakers contain a lot of expertise as the bookmakers’ profits and losses depend on the performance of their models. One objective of this article is to analyze the role of bookmakers’ odds together with many additional, potentially influental covariates with respect to a national team’s success at European football championships and especially to detect covariates, which are able to explain parts of the information covered by the odds. Therefore a pairwise Poisson model for the number of goals scored by national teams competing in European football championship matches is used. Moreover, the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approach, which is a widely used tool for modeling cluster data, allows to incorporate team-specific random effects. Two different approaches to the fitting of GLMMs incorporating variable selection are used, subset selection as well as a Lasso-type technique, including an L1-penalty term that enforces variable selection and shrinkage simultaneously. Based on the two preceeding European football championships a sparse model is obtained that is used to predict all matches of the current tournament resulting in a possible course of the European football championship (EURO) 2012.

The Potential Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on the Prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder and Psychotic Disorders: A Retrospective Observational Study: L’effet potentiel de la légalisation du cannabis récréatif sur la prévalence du trouble d’utilisation du cannabis et des troubles psychotiques : une étude observationnelle rétrospective

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372098468
Author(s):  
Catherine Vignault ◽  
Amélie Massé ◽  
David Gouron ◽  
Jacques Quintin ◽  
Khashayar Djahanbakhsh Asli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: The principal objective of our study was to document the short-term impact of the legalization of recreational cannabis on active cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and various psychotic disorders. Methods: We carried out a retrospective observational study of patients who were at least 12 years old and who had visited a psychiatrist in the emergency unit of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS). We included all the consultations of this type over a 5-month period, immediately following the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada. We then divided our population into an adult (over 18) and teenager group (12 to 17) compared the data to the data from consultations made 2 years earlier, using a generalized linear mixed model. Results: We examined consultations in patients over 18 years old in prelegalization ( n = 1,247) and postlegalization ( n = 1,368) groups. We observed a statistically significant increase in the use of cannabis (28.0% to 37.1%; odds ratio [ OR] = 1.81 [1.34 to 2.44], P = 0.00011) as well as an increase in diagnoses of active cannabis use disorder (17.7% to 24.3%; OR = 1.53 [1.13 to 2.08], P = 0.0064). The increase in cannabis use disorder was more prominent among patients between 18 and 24 years old (17.3% to 25.9%; OR = 2.27 [1.17 to 4.40], P = 0.015). We observed no statistically significant difference in terms of psychotic disorder diagnoses (27.4% to 29.2%; OR = 1.17 [0.84 to 1.63], P = 0.35)]. Conversely, we identified a greater proportion of patients who had a personality disorder diagnosis in the postlegalization period (39.6% to 44.9%; OR = 1.35 [1.02 to 1.80], P = 0.038). Examination of pediatric (under 18 years old) consultations revealed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Although an affirmative conclusion is tentative, the current findings suggest a first link between the legalization of cannabis in Canada and increased diagnoses of cannabis use disorder, as well as cannabis use in general among patients in a university hospital psychiatric emergency department.

scholarly journals Does Physical Activity during Alpine Vacations Increase Tourists’ Well-Being?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schlemmer ◽  
Cornelia Blank ◽  
Martin Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Demographic Patterns

Physical activities have been proven to have an impact on general well-being in everyday life; however, literature lacks an analysis of the effects of physical activities in vacation settings. Thus, the study aimed at assessing the impacts of physical activity on well-being during vacation by taking a longitudinal approach. We utilized a pre-post within-subject design (n = 101) by testing vacationers prior to, during, and after their vacation in an alpine environment. Therefore, a series of eight linear mixed model analyses of co-variance was performed. The results suggested that the duration of a vacation and the amount of physical activity have a positive impact on the components of well-being, which was expressed by changes in the activation, elation, excitement, and calmness subscales of the Mood Survey Scale. Demographic patterns did not reveal any influences. Physical activity might be a marker for well-being, which influences people’s everyday life and leisure time behavior by motivating them to engage in more physical activity. This research extends the existing literature by (1) proving the effects of vacations on well-being, (2) pointing out the effects of demographic predeterminations, and (3) gathering in-depth knowledge about the role of physical activity in changes to well-being.

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