scholarly journals Neuronal variability of Resting State activity in Eating Disorders: increase and decoupling in Ventral Attention Network and relation with clinical symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela V. Spalatro ◽  
Federico Amianto ◽  
Zirui Huang ◽  
Federico D’Agata ◽  
Mauro Bergui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
State Activity ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractBackground:Despite the great number of resting state functional connectivity studies on Eating Disorders (ED), no biomarkers could be detected yet. Therefore, we here focus on a different measure of resting state activity that is neuronal variability. The objective of this study was to investigate neuronal variability in the resting state of women with ED and to correlate possible differences with clinical and psychopathological indices.Methods:58 women respectively 25 with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 16 with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 17 matched healthy controls (CN) were enrolled for the study. All participants were tested with a battery of psychometric tests and underwent a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) resting state scanning. We investigated topographical patterns of variability measured by the Standard Deviation (SD) of the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal (as a measure of neuronal variability) in the resting-state and their relationship to clinical and psychopathological indices.Results:Neuronal variability was increased in both anorectic and bulimic subjects specifically in the Ventral Attention Network (VAN) compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in the other networks. Significant correlations were found between neuronal variability of VAN and various clinical and psychopathological indices.Conclusions:We here show increased neuronal variability of VAN in ED patients. As the VAN is relevant for switching between endogenous and exogenous stimuli, our results showing increased neuronal variability suggest unstable balance between body attention and attention to external world. These results offer new perspective on the neurobiological basis of ED. Clinical and therapeutic implication will be discussed.

scholarly journals Advanced Meditation Alters Resting-State Brain Network Connectivity Correlating With Improved Mindfulness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramana V. Vishnubhotla ◽  
Rupa Radhakrishnan ◽  
Kestas Kveraga ◽  
Rachael Deardorff ◽  
Chithra Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brain Network Connectivity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an intensive 8-day Samyama meditation program on the brain functional connectivity using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).Methods: Thirteen Samyama program participants (meditators) and 4 controls underwent fMRI brain scans before and after the 8-day residential meditation program. Subjects underwent fMRI with a blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast at rest and during focused breathing. Changes in network connectivity before and after Samyama program were evaluated. In addition, validated psychological metrics were correlated with changes in functional connectivity.Results: Meditators showed significantly increased network connectivity between the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) after the Samyama program (p < 0.01). Increased connectivity within the SN correlated with an improvement in self-reported mindfulness scores (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Samyama, an intensive silent meditation program, favorably increased the resting-state functional connectivity between the salience and default mode networks. During focused breath watching, meditators had lower intra-network connectivity in specific networks. Furthermore, increased intra-network connectivity correlated with improved self-reported mindfulness after Samyama.Clinical Trials Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov], Identifier: [NCT04366544]. Registered on 4/17/2020.

scholarly journals Differential effects of anesthetics on resting state functional connectivity in the mouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Xie ◽  
David Y Chung ◽  
Sreekanth Kura ◽  
Kazutaka Sugimoto ◽  
Sanem A Aykan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Optical Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Important Approach

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is a standard approach to examine resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), but fMRI in animal models is challenging. Recently, functional optical intrinsic signal imaging—which relies on the same hemodynamic signal underlying BOLD fMRI—has been developed as a complementary approach to assess RSFC in mice. Since it is difficult to ensure that an animal is in a truly resting state while awake, RSFC measurements under anesthesia remain an important approach. Therefore, we systematically examined measures of RSFC using non-invasive, widefield optical intrinsic signal imaging under five different anesthetics in male C57BL/6J mice. We find excellent seed-based, global, and interhemispheric connectivity using tribromoethanol (Avertin) and ketamine–xylazine, comparable to results in the literature including awake animals. Urethane anesthesia yielded intermediate results, while chloral hydrate and isoflurane were both associated with poor RSFC. Furthermore, we found a correspondence between the strength of RSFC and the power of low-frequency hemodynamic fluctuations. In conclusion, Avertin and ketamine–xylazine provide robust and reproducible measures of RSFC in mice, whereas chloral hydrate and isoflurane do not.

scholarly journals Metabolic Origin of Bold Signal Fluctuations in the Absence of Stimuli

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1377-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Fukunaga ◽  
Silvina G Horovitz ◽  
Jacco A de Zwart ◽  
Peter van Gelderen ◽  
Thomas J Balkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
State Activity ◽  
Significant Difference

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown the existence of ongoing blood flow fluctuations in the absence of stimuli. Although this so-called ‘resting-state activity’ appears to be correlated across brain regions with apparent functional relationship, its origin might be predominantly vascular and not directly representing neuronal signaling. To investigate this, we simultaneously measured BOLD and perfusion signals on healthy human subjects ( n = 11) and used their ratio (BOLD/perfusion ratio or BPR) as an indicator of metabolic demand. BPR during rest and sleep was compared with that during a visual task (VT) and a breath-holding task (BH), which are challenges with substantial and little metabolic involvement, respectively. Within the visual cortex, BPR was 3.76 ± 1.23 during BH, which was significantly higher than during the VT (1.76 ± 0.27) and rest (1.56 ± 0.41). Meanwhile, BPR values during VT and rest were not significantly different, suggesting a similar metabolic involvement. Eight subjects showed stage 1 and 2 sleep, during which temporally correlated BOLD and perfusion activity continued. In these subjects, there was no significant difference in BPR between the sleep and waking conditions (1.79 ± 0.54 and 1.66 ± 0.67, respectively), but both were lower than the BPR during BH. These data suggest that resting-state activity, at least in part, represents a metabolic process.

scholarly journals Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Mathematical Expertise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Miseon Shim ◽  
Han-Jeong Hwang ◽  
Ulrike Kuhl ◽  
Hyeon-Ae Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Orbital Gyrus ◽  
Neural Efficiency ◽  
Mathematical Expertise

To what extent are different levels of expertise reflected in the functional connectivity of the brain? We addressed this question by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in mathematicians versus non-mathematicians. To this end, we investigated how the two groups of participants differ in the correlation of their spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations across the whole brain regions during resting state. Moreover, by using the classification algorithm in machine learning, we investigated whether the resting-state fMRI networks between mathematicians and non-mathematicians were distinguished depending on features of functional connectivity. We showed diverging involvement of the frontal–thalamic–temporal connections for mathematicians and the medial–frontal areas to precuneus and the lateral orbital gyrus to thalamus connections for non-mathematicians. Moreover, mathematicians who had higher scores in mathematical knowledge showed a weaker connection strength between the left and right caudate nucleus, demonstrating the connections’ characteristics related to mathematical expertise. Separate functional networks between the two groups were validated with a maximum classification accuracy of 91.19% using the distinct resting-state fMRI-based functional connectivity features. We suggest the advantageous role of preconfigured resting-state functional connectivity, as well as the neural efficiency for experts’ successful performance.

scholarly journals Attention network modulation via tRNS correlates with attention gain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Contò ◽  
Grace Edwards ◽  
Sarah Tyler ◽  
Danielle Parrott ◽  
Emily Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) can enhance vision in the healthy and diseased brain. Yet, the impact of multi-day tRNS on large-scale cortical networks is still unknown. We investigated the impact of tRNS coupled with behavioral training on resting-state functional connectivity and attention. We trained human subjects for 4 consecutive days on two attention tasks, while receiving tRNS over the intraparietal sulci, the middle temporal areas, or Sham stimulation. We measured resting-state functional connectivity of nodes of the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN) before and after training. We found a strong behavioral improvement and increased connectivity within the DVAN after parietal stimulation only. Crucially, behavioral improvement positively correlated with connectivity measures. We conclude changes in connectivity are a marker for the enduring effect of tRNS upon behavior. Our results suggest that tRNS has strong potential to augment cognitive capacity in healthy individuals and promote recovery in the neurological population.

scholarly journals The effect of amyloid deposition on longitudinal resting-state functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemin Lin ◽  
Maria Ly ◽  
Helmet T. Karim ◽  
Wenjing Wei ◽  
Beth E. Snitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Abstract Background Pathological processes contributing to Alzheimer’s disease begin decades prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. There is significant variation in cognitive changes in the presence of pathology, functional connectivity may be a marker of compensation to amyloid; however, this is not well understood. Methods We recruited 64 cognitively normal older adults who underwent neuropsychological testing and biannual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid imaging with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET, and glucose metabolism (FDG)-PET imaging for up to 6 years. Resting-state MRI was used to estimate connectivity of seven canonical neural networks using template-based rotation. Using voxel-wise paired t-tests, we identified neural networks that displayed significant changes in connectivity across time. We investigated associations among amyloid and longitudinal changes in connectivity and cognitive function by domains. Results Left middle frontal gyrus connectivity within the memory encoding network increased over time, but the rate of change was lower with greater amyloid. This was no longer significant in an analysis where we limited the sample to only those with two time points. We found limited decline in cognitive domains overall. Greater functional connectivity was associated with better attention/processing speed and executive function (independent of time) in those with lower amyloid but was associated with worse function with greater amyloid. Conclusions Increased functional connectivity serves to preserve cognitive function in normal aging and may fail in the presence of pathology consistent with compensatory models.

scholarly journals Dynamic Interhemispheric Desynchronization in Marmosets and Humans With Disorders of the Corpus Callosum

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Szczupak ◽  
Cecil C. Yen ◽  
Cirong Liu ◽  
Xiaoguang Tian ◽  
Roberto Lent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Periodic Patterns ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Clear Explanation

The corpus callosum, the principal structural avenue for interhemispheric neuronal communication, controls the brain’s lateralization. Developmental malformations of the corpus callosum (CCD) can lead to learning and intellectual disabilities. Currently, there is no clear explanation for these symptoms. Here, we used resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to evaluate the dynamic resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in both the cingulate cortex (CG) and the sensory areas (S1, S2, A1) in three marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with spontaneous CCD. We also performed rsfMRI in 10 CCD human subjects (six hypoplasic and four agenesic). We observed no differences in the strength of rsFC between homotopic CG and sensory areas in both species when comparing them to healthy controls. However, in CCD marmosets, we found lower strength of quasi-periodic patterns (QPP) correlation in the posterior interhemispheric sensory areas. We also found a significant lag of interhemispheric communication in the medial CG, suggesting asynchrony between the two hemispheres. Correspondingly, in human subjects, we found that the CG of acallosal subjects had a higher QPP correlation than controls. In comparison, hypoplasic subjects had a lower QPP correlation and a delay of 1.6 s in the sensory regions. These results show that CCD affects the interhemispheric synchrony of both CG and sensory areas and that, in both species, its impact on cortical communication varies along the CC development gradient. Our study shines a light on how CCD misconnects homotopic regions and opens a line of research to explain the causes of the symptoms exhibited by CCD patients and how to mitigate them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document