Neurological and cognitive alterations induced by MDMA in humans

2021 ◽  
pp. 113888
Author(s):  
Catharine Montgomery ◽  
Carl A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Alterations

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs: A Scoping Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

Cognitive impairment is one of the most deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients, and this problem sometimes remains even after chemotherapy ends. Common classes of chemotherapy-based regimens such as anthracyclines, taxanes, and platinum derivatives can induce both oxidative stress in the blood and in the brain, and these effects can be reproduced in neuronal and glia cell cultures. In rodent models, both the acute and repeated administration of doxorubicin or adriamycin (anthracyclines) or cisplatin impairs cognitive functions, as shown by their diminished performance in different learning and memory behavioural tasks. Administration of compounds with strong antioxidant effects such as N-acetylcysteine, gamma-glutamyl cysteine ethyl ester, polydatin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA) counteract both oxidative stress and cognitive alterations induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. These antioxidant molecules provide the scientific basis to design clinical trials in patients with the aim of reducing the oxidative stress and cognitive alterations, among other probable central nervous system changes, elicited by chemotherapy in cancer patients. In particular, N-acetylcysteine and MESNA are currently used in clinical settings and are therefore attracting scientific attention.

Impulsive Artistic Creativity as a Presentation of Transient Cognitive Alterations

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Finkelstein ◽  
Jacob Vardi ◽  
Israel Hod
Keyword(s):  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

scholarly journals Latinxs with HIV: Depressive Cognitive Alterations as a Precursor to Cardio-Motor Deficits

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Aneesah Hyder ◽  
Martin Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Cardiovascular Assessment ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

HIV is a debilitating infection that often presents with health-related complications, further reducing quality of life. Of the most common comorbidities accompanying HIV is depression, which can induce cognitive alterations alongside those resulting from the virus. Latinxs are disproportionately susceptible to both afflictions and face innumerable challenges in the identification and diagnosis of depression. Consequently, HIV-infected Latinxs may experience additional cognitive symptomatology from the simultaneous prevalence of depression and HIV, potentially affecting their gait and cardiovascular profiles. This study aimed to determine the impact of depression on cardio-motor components in HIV-infected Latinxs. Records of 291 stable HIV+ participants were collected from La Perla de Gran Precio Community Center, analyzed for depression, and respectively allocated to the depression group (70) and the group without depression (221). Cardio-motor values were obtained by conducting the Ross treadmill test, a submaximal cardiovascular assessment. An ANOVA revealed similarities in cardiomotor profiles between groups, alluding to the absence of depression-induced modifications to gait and cardiovascular health. Community exercise and cardiopulmonary intervention programs are beneficial to the quality of life in this population during all stages of HIV. However, HIV-infected Latinxs with depression face acute cultural challenges, causing diagnoses and treatment oversights and deficiencies for those who are suffering. Public health efforts should aim to remove barriers facing this population to ultimately reduce the inflated prevalence of both afflictions. Future research should focus on the crucial differentiation of Latinx depressive symptoms from those identical in HIV prior to reinvestigating cardiomotor alterations.

scholarly journals Terapia cognitivo-conductual en la fibromialgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Bárbara Dinorah Hidalgo Martínez ◽  
Viorkis Pérez Ortiz ◽  
María Caridad Olivera Cardoso ◽  
Lidia López Aristica ◽  
Liset Betancourt Castellanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

  La fibromialgia es una enfermedad con fuerte impacto psicológico, de evolución crónica que provoca dolor, rigidez e hipersensibilidad en músculos, tendones y articulaciones por más de tres meses de evolución. Generalmente está asociada a alteraciones cognitivas, disminución del sueño, astenia, ansiedad y depresión a diferentes grados. Aunque la etiología no se conoce con exactitud, el diagnóstico es clínico por exclusión. En este estudio se determinó la eficacia de la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) en pacientes con fibromialgia en el Hospital Básico Miguel H. Alcívar de Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador. El estudio fue descriptivo y prospectivo en 30 pacientes diagnosticados de fibromialgia, en el periodo de mayo a septiembre de 2017. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron mujeres entre 30 y 40 años de edad, cuyo síntoma principal fue el dolor generalizado, con espectro ansioso-depresivo. Se utilizó el test de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria para diagnosticar la presencia de ansiedad y depresión antes y después de la terapia. Los pacientes con fibromialgia fueron tratados con hipnosis, con un enfoque cognitivo conductual, en el 70,1 % los síntomas desaparecieron o mejoraron durante los meses en los que mantuvieron el tratamiento, lo cual demuestra la efectividad del tratamiento con TCC en pacientes con fibromialgia.   Palabras clave: Fibromialgia, depresión, ansiedad, terapia cognitivo-conductual, hipnosis.   Abstract Fibromyalgia is a disease with a strong psychological impact, of chronic evolution that causes pain, stiffness and hypersensitivity in muscles, tendons and joints, for more than three months of evolution. It is generally associated with cognitive alterations, decreased sleep, asthenia, anxiety and depression to different degrees. Although the etiology is not exactly known, the diagnosis is clinical by exclusion. In this study, the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was determined in patients with fibromyalgia at the Basic Hospital Miguel H. Alcívar de Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador. The study was descriptive and prospective in 30 patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia, in the period from May to September 2017. Most of the patients were women between 30 and 40 years of age, whose main symptom was generalized pain, with an anxious spectrum- depressant. The hospital anxiety and depression test was used to diagnose the presence of anxiety and depression before and after therapy. Fibromyalgia patients were treated with hypnosis, with a cognitive behavioral approach, in 70.1% the symptoms disappeared or improved during the months in which they maintained the treatment, which demonstrates the effectiveness of CBT treatment in patients with fibromyalgia.   Keywords: Fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypnosis.

scholarly journals TGF-β/Smad3 Signalling Modulates GABA Neurotransmission: Implications in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Muñoz ◽  
Nerea de la Fuente ◽  
Amelia Sánchez-Capelo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Brain Nuclei ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration ◽  
Cognitive Alterations ◽  
Gaba Neurotransmission

γ-Aminobutiryc acid (GABA) is found extensively in different brain nuclei, including parts involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as the basal ganglia and hippocampus. In PD and in different models of the disorder, an increase in GABA neurotransmission is observed and may promote bradykinesia or L-Dopa-induced side-effects. In addition, proteins involved in GABAA receptor (GABAAR) trafficking, such as GABARAP, Trak1 or PAELR, may participate in the aetiology of the disease. TGF-β/Smad3 signalling has been associated with several pathological features of PD, such as dopaminergic neurodegeneration; reduction of dopaminergic axons and dendrites; and α-synuclein aggregation. Moreover, TGF-β/Smad3 intracellular signalling was recently shown to modulate GABA neurotransmission in the context of parkinsonism and cognitive alterations. This review provides a summary of GABA neurotransmission and TGF-β signalling; their implications in PD; and the regulation of GABA neurotransmission by TGF-β/Smad3. There appear to be new possibilities to develop therapeutic approaches for the treatment of PD using GABA modulators.

WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of potential gender-related differences in behavioral and cognitive alterations following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in C57BL/6 mice

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Jéssica Grigoletto ◽  
Vinícius Rafael Funck ◽  
Leandro Rodrigo Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

scholarly journals Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Revised Concepts of Cognitive and Affective Status

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Taylor ◽  
J.A. Saint-Cyr ◽  
A.E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cognitive Alterations ◽  
Selective Impairment

ABSTRACT:Assumptions regarding increased risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease and of depression mimicking the endogenous form are reviewed and challenged from the perspectives of recent findings in both the neuropsychological and anatomical domains. Evidence suggests that depression, while frequent, behaviourally resembles the reactive variety and that selective impairment of cognitive functions considered to depend upon the integrity of the frontal lobes accompanies this disorder. In this regard, it is speculated that the cognitive alterations seen in non-demented parkinson patients are the consequences of dysfunction of the caudate nucleus which contributes significantly to the normal activities processed through the frontostriate “complex loop”.

scholarly journals Reelin reverts biochemical, physiological and cognitive alterations in mouse models of Tauopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 101743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rossi ◽  
Agnès Gruart ◽  
Gerardo Contreras-Murillo ◽  
Ashraf Muhaisen ◽  
Jesús Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

Neurovascular Cognitive Alterations: Implication of Brain Renin–Angiotensin System

2015 ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrea Marchese ◽  
Brenda Solange Casarsa ◽  
Gustavo C. Baiardi ◽  
Claudia Bregonzio
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

scholarly journals Association between cognitive phenotype in unaffected siblings and prospective 3- and 6-year clinical outcome in their proband affected by psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thijs J. Burger ◽  
Frederike Schirmbeck ◽  
Jentien M. Vermeulen ◽  
Piotr J. Quee ◽  
Mariken B. de Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Alterations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Cognitive alterations are a central and heterogeneous trait in psychotic disorders, driven by environmental, familial and illness-related factors. In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the impact of high familial risk for cognitive alterations, unconfounded by illness-related factors, on symptomatic outcomes in patients. Methods In total, 629 probands with non-affective psychosis and their sibling not affected by psychosis were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-year follow-up. Familial cognitive risk was modeled by three cognitive subtypes (‘normal’, ‘mixed’ and ‘impaired’) in the unaffected siblings. Generalized linear mixed models assessed multi-cross-sectional associations between the sibling cognitive subtype and repeated measures of proband symptoms across all assessments. Between-group differences over time were assessed by adding an interaction effect of time and sibling cognitive subtype. Results Probands affected by psychosis with a sibling of the impaired cognitive subtype were less likely to be in symptomatic remission and showed more disorganization across all time points. When assessing differences over time, probands of siblings with the impaired cognitive subtype showed less remission and less improvement of disorganization after 3 and 6 years relative to the other subtypes. They also showed less reduction of positive, negative and excitement symptoms at 6-year follow-up compared to probands with a sibling of the normal cognitive subtype. Conclusions Cross-sibling pathways from higher levels of familial cognitive vulnerability to worse long-term outcomes may be informative in identifying cognition-related environmental and genetic risks that impact psychotic illness heterogeneity over time.

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