scholarly journals Seed set variability under high temperatures during flowering period in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. (R.) Br.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Gupta ◽  
K.N. Rai ◽  
Piara Singh ◽  
V.L. Ameta ◽  
Suresh K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Flowering Period

scholarly journals Inheritance of fertility restoration of A4 cytoplasm in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jorben ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
C. Tara Satyavathi ◽  
S. Mukesh Sankar ◽  
Jayant S. Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Regional Centre ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Present investigation was carried out to study the mode of inheritance of fertility restoration for A4 cytoplasm using pollen fertility and seed set per cent as criterion in determining the fertile and sterile plants. Two CMS lines of A4 cytoplasm were crossed with two fertility restorers generating four F1 crosses, namely, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1003, ICMA 99111 x PPMI 1087, ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1003 and ICMA 03999 x PPMI 1087, their F2s and backcross generations. All the F1s were completely fertile indicating complete fertility restoration. F2s and backcross generations were evaluated at IARI, New Delhi and IARI Regional Centre, Dharwad during summer 2017 and χ 2 test was applied to test the significance. At both the locations, all the F2 segregating populations fit well into a Mendelian ratio of 15:1 indicating digenic duplicate dominance of fertility restoring genes with χ 2 value of 0.82, 2.90, 0.04, 3.97, 4.86, 4.98, 0.02, 1.26, 3.15, 4.98, 3.15 and 0.02. The F2 hypothesis was verified with the observed frequency of segregating plants fitting well into 3:1 ration with χ 2 value of 5.45, 1.93, 4.93, 0.60, 2.83, 0.44, 4.94, 2.77, 3.33, 0.13, 4.08 and 1.51. It is further confirmation of the findings that fertility restoration is indeed governed by two duplicate genes. Association between pollen fertility and seed set per cent was significant and positive.

scholarly journals Seed Production on Detached Culms of Pearl Millet × Elephantgrass Hexaploid Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Schank ◽  
D.A. Diz ◽  
D.S. Wofford
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Five nutrient solutions were evaluated in the greenhouse to determine which solutions would allow detached culms of Pennisetum to produce seed. The genotypes tested originated from the hybridization of Pennisetum glaucum L. (Pearl millet) × P. pennisetum Schum. (elephantgrass). The solutions were water, Hoagland's, sucrose, sucrose + hydroxyquinoline sulfate (HQ), and Hoagland's + sucrose + HQ. Neither the water nor the Hoagland's solution supported high seed set. Although the sucrose solution enhanced seed production, the seeds were low in weight and did not germinate well. The best nutrient solutions were 2% sucrose + 0.02% HQ or Hoagland's + 2% sucrose + 0.02% HQ. The four genotypes used differed substantially in seed production, but all produced seed, with germination >25%. This result indicates that the cut-culm technique is a possible way of getting recurrent restricted phenotypic selection seed in Pennisetum hexaploid hybrids.

scholarly journals Phenology and reproductive effort of cultivated and wild forms of Pennisetum glaucum under experimental conditions in the Sahel: implications for the maintenance of polymorphism in the species

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Renno ◽  
T. Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
Average Individual

In the Sahel region of Africa, the wild and the cultivated forms of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., are sympatric and interfertile and yet have remained distinct for millenia. Reproductive barriers are not sufficient to explain this situation. To elucidate other possible mechanisms, the two forms were compared under experimental conditions in the Sahel for their phenology and reproductive effort. The length of the flowering period of each type was much longer than the average individual flowering period. When the last cultivated plants were finishing flowering, 65% of the wild plants were still flowering and 30% were just starting to flower. Thus, the last group was completely isolated from cultivated pearl millet gene flow (endogamic reproduction). The two forms of pearl millet also differed in the distribution of aboveground biomass among different plant parts, except for the number of seeds per plant. Both phenological behaviour and reproductive effort contribute to the maintenance of distinct forms of wild and cultivated pearl millet. Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, pearl millet, wild pearl millet, reproductive effort, phenology, endogamy.

scholarly journals Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8460
Author(s):  
Armel Rouamba ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Inoussa Drabo ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Prakash Gangashetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
South Central

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple food crop in Burkina Faso that is widely grown in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, characterised by poor soil conditions and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. The objective of this study was to document farmers’ perceptions of the prevailing constraints affecting pearl millet production and related approaches to manage the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica. The study was conducted in the Sahel, Sudano-Sahelian zones in the North, North Central, West Central, Central Plateau, and South Central of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions involving 492 participant farmers. Recurrent drought, S. hermonthica infestation, shortage of labour, lack of fertilisers, lack of cash, and the use of low-yielding varieties were the main challenges hindering pearl millet production in the study areas. The majority of the respondents (40%) ranked S. hermonthica infestation as the primary constraint affecting pearl millet production. Respondent farmers reported yield losses of up to 80% due to S. hermonthica infestation. 61.4% of the respondents in the study areas had achieved a mean pearl millet yields of <1 t/ha. Poor access and the high cost of introduced seed, and a lack of farmers preferred traits in the existing introduced pearl millet varieties were the main reasons for their low adoption, as reported by 32% of respondents. S. hermonthica management options in pearl millet production fields included moisture conservation using terraces, manual hoeing, hand weeding, use of microplots locally referred to as ‘zaï’, crop rotation and mulching. These management techniques were ineffective because they do not suppress the below ground S. hermonthica seed, and they are difficult to implement. Integrated management practices employing breeding for S. hermonthica resistant varieties with the aforementioned control measures could offer a sustainable solution for S. hermonthica management and improved pearl millet productivity in Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Crops, Compost, and Vermicompost on Strawberry Yields and Nitrogen Availability in North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Beck ◽  
Michelle S. Schroeder-Moreno ◽  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
Julie M. Grossman ◽  
Nancy G. Creamer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N

Summer cover crop rotations, compost, and vermicompost additions can be important strategies for transition to organic production that can provide various benefits to crop yields, nitrogen (N) availability, and overall soil health, yet are underused in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production in North Carolina. This study was aimed at evaluating six summer cover crop treatments including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pearl millet/soybean combination, pearl millet/cowpea combination, and a no cover crop control, with and without vermicompost additions for their effects on strawberry growth, yields, nutrient uptake, weeds, and soil inorganic nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen in a 2-year field experiment. Compost was additionally applied before seeding cover crops and preplant N fertilizer was reduced by 67% to account for organic N additions. Although all cover crops (with compost) increased soil N levels during strawberry growth compared with the no cover crop treatment, cover crops did not impact strawberry yields in the first year of the study. In the 2nd year, pearl millet cover crop treatments reduced total and marketable strawberry yields, and soybean treatments reduced marketable strawberry yields when compared with the no cover crop treatment, whereas vermicompost additions increased strawberry biomass and yields. Results from this study suggest that vermicompost additions can be important sustainable soil management strategies for transitional and certified organic strawberry production. Summer cover crops integrated with composts can provide considerable soil N, reducing fertilizer needs, but have variable responses on strawberry depending on the specific cover crop species or combination. Moreover, these practices are suitable for both organic and conventional strawberry growers and will benefit from longer-term studies that assess these practices individually and in combination and other benefits in addition to yields.

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