scholarly journals Phenology and reproductive effort of cultivated and wild forms of Pennisetum glaucum under experimental conditions in the Sahel: implications for the maintenance of polymorphism in the species

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Renno ◽  
T. Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
Average Individual

In the Sahel region of Africa, the wild and the cultivated forms of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., are sympatric and interfertile and yet have remained distinct for millenia. Reproductive barriers are not sufficient to explain this situation. To elucidate other possible mechanisms, the two forms were compared under experimental conditions in the Sahel for their phenology and reproductive effort. The length of the flowering period of each type was much longer than the average individual flowering period. When the last cultivated plants were finishing flowering, 65% of the wild plants were still flowering and 30% were just starting to flower. Thus, the last group was completely isolated from cultivated pearl millet gene flow (endogamic reproduction). The two forms of pearl millet also differed in the distribution of aboveground biomass among different plant parts, except for the number of seeds per plant. Both phenological behaviour and reproductive effort contribute to the maintenance of distinct forms of wild and cultivated pearl millet. Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, pearl millet, wild pearl millet, reproductive effort, phenology, endogamy.

scholarly journals Experimental study of gene flow between wild and cultivated Pennisetum glaucum

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -F. Renno ◽  
T. Winkel ◽  
F. Bonnefous ◽  
G. Bezançon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Wild Sample

Under natural conditions, wild and cultivated pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., exchanged genes for millenia and, nevertheless, maintain high morphological differentiation. Under experimental conditions in the Sahel, hybridization between wild and cultivated pearl millet was measured using isozymic markers and interpreted in relation to the phenology of the plants. Gene flows were asymmetric, engendering 8% of hybrids in the progeny of the wild phenotype, 45% in that of the cultivated phenotype, and 39% in that of the intermediate "shibra" phenotype; these last two phenotypes constitute the sample of cultivated pearl millet. The proportion of hybrids in the progeny of the wild sample was time dependent during the flowering phase of cultivated pearl millet. The proportion of hybrids produced by the cultivated pearl millet was not time dependent. In the seeds produced by the cultivated phenotype along its reproductive phase, the proportion of viable seeds was negatively correlated with the frequency of hybrids. Likewise, the speed of germination of seeds produced by the cultivated or the shibra phenotypes was negatively correlated with the frequency of the hybrids that they contained. The effects of balancing among genetic intermixing, isolation and reproduction barriers, and differential anthropic and natural selection pressures are discussed to better understand the evolution and the maintenance of the polymorphism of Pennisetum glaucum. Key words: pearl millet, wild pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, gene flow, domestication, hybrid.

scholarly journals Nutritional properties and plausible benefits of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on bone metabolism and osteoimmunology : a mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Abdelhafid Nani ◽  
Meriem Belarbi ◽  
Naim Akhtar Khan ◽  
Aziz Hichami
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bone Tissue Formation

Bone is a hard connective tissue that undergoes a systematic renewal. This highly dynamic organ is made up of four different types of cells, however, bone formation is commonly attributed to osteoblasts and bone resorption to osteoclasts. Bone tissue formation occurs during embryonic development and in certain post-birth pathological conditions. The immune system could influence the functions of bone cells, and the crosstalk between hematopoietic, immune, and bone cells is known as osteoimmunology. Indeed, cytokines produced by immune cells, including TNF-α and IL-6, are critically implicated in bone pathogenesis. It is well established that diet plays an important role in bone health and function. Indeed, antioxidant nutraceuticals-rich diet, of which pearl millet is one, can be effective in treating osteoporosis. Pearl millet (PM) is an African native cereal that constitutes the staple food for African Sahel region inhabitants as well as for many peoples in rural regions in India. Pearl millet grains content in amino acids, minerals, and phytochemicals may contribute to promoting bone health and metabolism. Accordingly, in the current review, we discuss the putative effects of PM nutrients, with a focus on polyphenols, on bone metabolism and osteoimmunology. In the light of our previous studies and others from literature, we speculate that PM whole grains may be effective in the prevention and management of bone pathogenesis. ​Keywords: PM whole grains, polyphenols, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoimmunology, TNF-α.

scholarly journals Seed set variability under high temperatures during flowering period in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. (R.) Br.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Gupta ◽  
K.N. Rai ◽  
Piara Singh ◽  
V.L. Ameta ◽  
Suresh K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Flowering Period

scholarly journals Nutritional properties and plausible benefits of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) on bone metabolism and osteoimmunology : a mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Abdelhafid Nani ◽  
Meriem Belarbi ◽  
Naim Akhtar Khan ◽  
Aziz Hichami
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bone Tissue Formation

Bone is a hard connective tissue that undergoes a systematic renewal. This highly dynamic organ is made up of four different types of cells, however, bone formation is commonly attributed to osteoblasts and bone resorption to osteoclasts. Bone tissue formation occurs during embryonic development and in certain post-birth pathological conditions. The immune system could influence the functions of bone cells, and the crosstalk between hematopoietic, immune, and bone cells is known as osteoimmunology. Indeed, cytokines produced by immune cells, including TNF-α and IL-6, are critically implicated in bone pathogenesis. It is well established that diet plays an important role in bone health and function. Indeed, an antioxidant nutraceuticals-rich diet, of which pearl millet is one, can be effective in treating osteoporosis. Pearl millet (PM) is an African native cereal that constitutes the staple food for African Sahel region inhabitants as well as for many peoples in rural regions in India. Pearl millet grains’ content in amino acids, minerals, and phytochemicals may contribute to promoting bone health and metabolism. Accordingly, in the current review, we discuss the putative effects of PM nutrients, with a focus on polyphenols, bone metabolism and osteoimmunology. In the light of our previous studies and others from the literature, we suggest that PM whole grains can be effective in the prevention and management of bone pathogenesis. Keywords: PM whole grains, nutrients, polyphenols, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoimmunology, TNF-α.

scholarly journals Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8460
Author(s):  
Armel Rouamba ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Inoussa Drabo ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Prakash Gangashetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
South Central

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple food crop in Burkina Faso that is widely grown in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, characterised by poor soil conditions and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. The objective of this study was to document farmers’ perceptions of the prevailing constraints affecting pearl millet production and related approaches to manage the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica. The study was conducted in the Sahel, Sudano-Sahelian zones in the North, North Central, West Central, Central Plateau, and South Central of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions involving 492 participant farmers. Recurrent drought, S. hermonthica infestation, shortage of labour, lack of fertilisers, lack of cash, and the use of low-yielding varieties were the main challenges hindering pearl millet production in the study areas. The majority of the respondents (40%) ranked S. hermonthica infestation as the primary constraint affecting pearl millet production. Respondent farmers reported yield losses of up to 80% due to S. hermonthica infestation. 61.4% of the respondents in the study areas had achieved a mean pearl millet yields of <1 t/ha. Poor access and the high cost of introduced seed, and a lack of farmers preferred traits in the existing introduced pearl millet varieties were the main reasons for their low adoption, as reported by 32% of respondents. S. hermonthica management options in pearl millet production fields included moisture conservation using terraces, manual hoeing, hand weeding, use of microplots locally referred to as ‘zaï’, crop rotation and mulching. These management techniques were ineffective because they do not suppress the below ground S. hermonthica seed, and they are difficult to implement. Integrated management practices employing breeding for S. hermonthica resistant varieties with the aforementioned control measures could offer a sustainable solution for S. hermonthica management and improved pearl millet productivity in Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Daniel Lizzi ◽  
Alessandro Mattiello ◽  
Alessio Adamiano ◽  
Guido Fellet ◽  
Emanuele Gava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Crops, Compost, and Vermicompost on Strawberry Yields and Nitrogen Availability in North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Beck ◽  
Michelle S. Schroeder-Moreno ◽  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
Julie M. Grossman ◽  
Nancy G. Creamer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N

Summer cover crop rotations, compost, and vermicompost additions can be important strategies for transition to organic production that can provide various benefits to crop yields, nitrogen (N) availability, and overall soil health, yet are underused in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production in North Carolina. This study was aimed at evaluating six summer cover crop treatments including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pearl millet/soybean combination, pearl millet/cowpea combination, and a no cover crop control, with and without vermicompost additions for their effects on strawberry growth, yields, nutrient uptake, weeds, and soil inorganic nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen in a 2-year field experiment. Compost was additionally applied before seeding cover crops and preplant N fertilizer was reduced by 67% to account for organic N additions. Although all cover crops (with compost) increased soil N levels during strawberry growth compared with the no cover crop treatment, cover crops did not impact strawberry yields in the first year of the study. In the 2nd year, pearl millet cover crop treatments reduced total and marketable strawberry yields, and soybean treatments reduced marketable strawberry yields when compared with the no cover crop treatment, whereas vermicompost additions increased strawberry biomass and yields. Results from this study suggest that vermicompost additions can be important sustainable soil management strategies for transitional and certified organic strawberry production. Summer cover crops integrated with composts can provide considerable soil N, reducing fertilizer needs, but have variable responses on strawberry depending on the specific cover crop species or combination. Moreover, these practices are suitable for both organic and conventional strawberry growers and will benefit from longer-term studies that assess these practices individually and in combination and other benefits in addition to yields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document