Exogenous bacterial composition changes dominate flavor deterioration of dried carrots during storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 110833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoliang Pu ◽  
Qiuhui Hu ◽  
Liuqing Wang ◽  
Fei Pei ◽  
Alfred Mugambi Mariga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Flavor Deterioration ◽  
Composition Changes

scholarly journals Changes in gut microbiota with bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Zolnikova ◽  
N. D. Potskhverashvili ◽  
A. V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
G. S. Krasnov ◽  
Z. G. Guvatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Asthma Case

Aim.To study the intestinal microbiota changes in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods.40 patients and 15 healthy individuals were included for the study. The microbiota study in feces samples was performed by sequencing the 16SpRNA gene. Results.It was noted an increasing of theProteobacteriaproportion in the patients with BA. The fractions ofBetaproteobacteriaиGammaproteobacteriawere increased in the patients with allergic BA and at the same time, only theGammaproteobacteriapart was increased in patients with non-allergic form of BA. It was found an increase inBacilliand a decrease in the proportion bacteria forming butyrate (Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium) and acetate (Alistipes), which was corresponded to a decrease in the proportion of strict anaerobic symbionts and an increase in the proportion of opportunistic facultative anaerobes. The relative bacteria amount was reduced for theNegativicutes Erysipelotrichia, Bacteroidia classes, theErysipelotrichaceae,Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Bacillaceae familiesand for the kinds ofBarnesiella, Paraprevotella, Pyrolobus, Bifidobacterium, Pseudomonas, Coprobacter, Bacillusin the allergic asthma patients with syndrome of intensive bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) cases. In the non-allergic asthma case, the presence of SIBO was accompanied by the relative bacteria amount increasing of theBacteroidaceaeand theParaprevotellafamilies and theOdoribacter,Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Parasutterellagenera. The bacterial spectrum changes correlated with the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of BA in the patients. Conclusion.The results have indicated the differences in the intestinal microflora composition of healthy volunteers and patients with bronchial asthma in including the SIBO presence. It is necessary more detail study of the bacterial composition changes in the intestine for the bronchopulmonary pathology case.

Focus on gut microbiota in age-associated body changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
E. V. Agafonova
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Composition Changes

Aging is a physiologically programmed process. And the main paradigm of medicine of the future is the preservation of health and functionality in the fight against age-associated diseases as a cause of premature aging. But with what involutive changes can the gut microbiota be associated? After all, it is not bacterial cells that age, but the bacterial composition changes in connection with concomitant diseases. Therefore, it is important to track what changes the gut microbiota undergoes with age using the example of common gerontological syndromes such as changes in innate immunity, sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. There are cultural and biological research methods that demonstrate differences in the gut microbiota of the elderly and young people. However, it is impossible to determine the chronological age threshold, after which the composition of the microbiota begins to change, rather, these changes occur gradually. Thus, the question remains open for scientists, which physiological processes are associated with changes in the microbiota and loss of health. This will make it possible to establish whether the microbiota can be a target for diagnosing the health status during aging and what measures to regulate the composition and function of the microbiota are possible to maintain active longevity. This article will provide an overview of the latest data on microbiota and involutive changes.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota analysis of polycystic kidney disease patients according to renal function: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi Yacoub ◽  
Girish N Nadkarni ◽  
Daniel I McSkimming ◽  
Lee D Chaves ◽  
Sham Abyad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Composition Changes

Gut bacterial microbiota is altered in patients with advanced renal disease and those on dialysis. However, it is not clear yet what bacterial composition changes are due to the renal insufficiency per se, and what are in result of the accompanying interventions and comorbid conditions. Most studies analyzed diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, and glomerulonephritis patients which might have directly influenced the microbiome regardless of alterations in renal function. We present in this report changes in gut bacterial microbiota in a highly selected group of patients with strict inclusion criteria to eliminate the effects of the confounding factors on the microbiome composition. We conducted multiple analysis approaches according to participants’ renal function to further understand microbiome alteration in different degrees of renal insufficiency. An interesting group of bacteria showed a step-wise change in relative abundance in response to the three groups’ analysis. These bacteria either decreased or increased from mild, moderate to severe renal insufficiency indicating strong and direct effects of the uremic milieu on its relative abundance. We also ran a sensitivity analysis that took into account an assembly of the significant taxa observed in an approach to investigate whether these taxa can fully explain the separation noted between the groups. We determined the projected metabolic pathways altered according to the gut microbiota composition changes. This report not only delineates with a higher certainty the effects of alteration in renal function on the microbiome, but also explores the possible role of dysbiosis on comorbid conditions through alterations in the projected metabolic pathways. Impact statement The heterogeneity of the renal disease, therapeutic interventions, and the original cause of the renal failure, all directly affect the microbiota. We delineate in this report the direct effect of decreased renal function on the bacterial composition following stringent criteria to eliminate the possibilities of other confounding factors and dissect the direct effects of the uremic milieu. We analyzed the microbiome following three different approaches to further evaluate the effects of mild, moderate and advanced renal insufficiency on the microbiome. We also present here a detailed functional analysis of the projected altered pathways secondary to changes in the microbiome composition.

Problems in Thin-Film X-ray Quantification

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
J N Chapman ◽  
W A P Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Characteristic Peak ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measured Ratio ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Composition Changes

Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) is widely used for the quantitative determination of local composition in thin film specimens. Extraction of quantitative data is usually accomplished by relating the ratio of the number of atoms of two species A and B in the volume excited by the electron beam (nA/nB) to the corresponding ratio of detected characteristic photons (NA/NB) through the use of a k-factor. This leads to an expression of the form nA/nB = kAB NA/NB where kAB is a measure of the relative efficiency with which x-rays are generated and detected from the two species.Errors in thin film x-ray quantification can arise from uncertainties in both NA/NB and kAB. In addition to the inevitable statistical errors, particularly severe problems arise in accurately determining the former if (i) mass loss occurs during spectrum acquisition so that the composition changes as irradiation proceeds, (ii) the characteristic peak from one of the minority components of interest is overlapped by the much larger peak from a majority component, (iii) the measured ratio varies significantly with specimen thickness as a result of electron channeling, or (iv) varying absorption corrections are required due to photons generated at different points having to traverse different path lengths through specimens of irregular and unknown topography on their way to the detector.

scholarly journals A New Paradigm in the Relationship between Melatonin and Breast Cancer: Gut Microbiota Identified as a Potential Regulatory Agent

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Aurora Laborda-Illanes ◽  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
Soukaina Boutriq ◽  
Isaac Plaza-Andrades ◽  
Jesús Peralta-Linero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Melatonin Production

In this review we summarize a possible connection between gut microbiota, melatonin production, and breast cancer. An imbalance in gut bacterial population composition (dysbiosis), or changes in the production of melatonin (circadian disruption) alters estrogen levels. On the one hand, this may be due to the bacterial composition of estrobolome, since bacteria with β-glucuronidase activity favour estrogens in a deconjugated state, which may ultimately lead to pathologies, including breast cancer. On the other hand, it has been shown that these changes in intestinal microbiota stimulate the kynurenine pathway, moving tryptophan away from the melatonergic pathway, thereby reducing circulating melatonin levels. Due to the fact that melatonin has antiestrogenic properties, it affects active and inactive estrogen levels. These changes increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Additionally, melatonin stimulates the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes, which have low estrogen levels due to the fact that adipocytes do not express aromatase. Consequently, melatonin also reduces the risk of breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to determine the relationship between microbiota, melatonin, and breast cancer, in addition to clinical trials to confirm the sensitizing effects of melatonin to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its ability to ameliorate or prevent the side effects of these therapies.

scholarly journals Monitoring the variation in the gut microbiota of captive woolly monkeys related to changes in diet during a reintroduction process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Quiroga-González ◽  
Luis Alberto Chica Cardenas ◽  
Mónica Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes ◽  
Camila González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Woolly Monkeys ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lagothrix Lagothricha

AbstractMicrobiome is known to play an important role in the health of organisms and different factors such as diet have been associated with modifications in microbial communities. Differences in the microbiota composition of wild and captive animals has been evaluated; however, variation during a reintroduction process in primates has never been reported. Our aim was to identify changes in the bacterial composition of three individuals of reintroduced woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) and the variables associated with such changes. Fecal samples were collected and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine gut microbial composition and functionality. Individual samples from released individuals showed a higher microbial diversity after being released compared to before liberation, associated with changes in their diet. Beta diversity and functionality analysis showed separation of samples from released and captive conditions and the major factor of variation was the moment of liberation. This study shows that intestinal microbiota varies depending on site conditions and is mainly associated with diet diversity. The intake of food from wild origin by released primates may promote a positive effect on gut microbiota, improving health, and potentially increasing success in reintroduction processes.

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