Haplo-insufficiency for different genes differentially reduces pathogenicity and virulence in a fungal phytopathogen

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cau D. Pham ◽  
Zhanyang Yu ◽  
C. Ben Lovely ◽  
Charu Agarwal ◽  
David A. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Phytopathogen

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from the Fungal Phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D Rutter ◽  
Thi-Thu-Huyen Chu ◽  
Kamil K Zajt ◽  
Jean-Felix Dallery ◽  
Richard J O'Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
Colletotrichum Higginsianum ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

Fungal phytopathogens secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) associated with enzymes and phytotoxic metabolites. While these vesicles are thought to promote infection, defining the true contents and functions of fungal EVs, as well as suitable protein markers, is an ongoing process. To expand our understanding of fungal EVs and their possible roles during infection, we purified EVs from the hemibiotrophic phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum, the causative agent of anthracnose disease in multiple plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. EVs were purified in large numbers from the supernatant of protoplasts but not the supernatant of intact mycelial cultures. We purified two separate populations of EVs, each associated with over 700 detected proteins, including proteins involved in vesicle transport, cell wall biogenesis and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. We selected two SNARE proteins (Snc1 and Sso2) and one 14-3-3 protein (Bmh1) as potential EV markers and generated transgenic lines expressing fluorescent fusions. Each marker was confirmed to be protected inside EVs. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the localization of each marker during infection on Arabidopsis leaves. These findings further our understanding of EVs in fungal phytopathogens and will help build an experimental system to study EV inter-kingdom communication between plants and fungi.

scholarly journals The Multifunctional β-Oxidation Enzyme Is Required for Full Symptom Development by the Biotrophic Maize Pathogen Ustilago maydis

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Klose ◽  
James W. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The transition from yeast-like to filamentous growth in the biotrophic fungal phytopathogen Ustilago maydis is a crucial event for pathogenesis. Previously, we showed that fatty acids induce filamentation in U. maydis and that the resulting hyphal cells resemble the infectious filaments observed in planta. To explore the potential metabolic role of lipids in the morphological transition and in pathogenic development in host tissue, we deleted the mfe2 gene encoding the multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the second and third reactions in β-oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes. The growth of the strains defective in mfe2 was attenuated on long-chain fatty acids and abolished on very-long-chain fatty acids. The mfe2 gene was not generally required for the production of filaments during mating in vitro, but loss of the gene blocked extensive proliferation of fungal filaments in planta. Consistent with this observation, mfe2 mutants exhibited significantly reduced virulence in that only 27% of infected seedlings produced tumors compared to 88% tumor production upon infection by wild-type strains. Similarly, a defect in virulence was observed in developing ears upon infection of mature maize plants. Specifically, the absence of the mfe2 gene delayed the development of teliospores within mature tumor tissue. Overall, these results indicate that the ability to utilize host lipids contributes to the pathogenic development of U. maydis.

scholarly journals Pangenome analysis of the soil-borne fungal phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani and development of a comprehensive web resource: RsolaniDB

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kaushik ◽  
D.P. Roberts ◽  
A. Ramaprasad ◽  
S. Mfarrej ◽  
Mridul Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Web Resource ◽  
Basidiomycetous Fungus ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scale Data

AbstractRhizoctonia solani is a collective group of genetically and pathologically diverse basidiomycetous fungus that damages economically important crops. Its isolates are classified into 13 Anastomosis Groups (AGs) and subgroups having distinctive morphology and host range. The genetic factors driving the unique features of R. solani pathology are not well characterized due to the limited availability of its annotated genomes. Therefore, we performed genome sequencing, assembly, annotation and functional analysis of 12 R. solani isolates covering 7 AGs and selected subgroups (AG1-IA, AG1-IB, AG1-IC, AG2-2IIIB, AG3-PT (isolates Rhs 1AP and the hypovirulent Rhs1A1), AG3-TB, AG4-HG-I (isolates Rs23 and R118-11), AG5, AG6, and AG8), in which six genomes are reported for the first time, wherein we discovered unique and shared secretomes, CAZymes, and effectors across the AGs. Using a pangenome comparative analysis of 12 R. solani isolates and 15 other basidiomycetes, we also elucidated the molecular factors potentially involved in determining the AG-specific host preference, and the attributes distinguishing them from other Basidiomycetes. Finally, we present the largest repertoire of R. solani genomes and their annotated components as a comprehensive database, viz. RsolaniDB, with tools for large-scale data mining, functional enrichment and sequence analysis not available with other state-of-the-art platforms, to assist mycologists in formulating new hypotheses.

scholarly journals Combined chitosan and Cympobogon citratus (D.C. ex Nees) Stapf. essential oil to inhibit the fungal phytopathogen Paramyrothecium roridum and control crater rot in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 2057-2065
Author(s):  
Samara Alves Macedo ◽  
Giovanna Alencar Lundgren ◽  
Selma dos Passos Braga ◽  
Evandro Leite de Souza ◽  
Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

scholarly journals The early response during the interaction of fungal phytopathogen and host plant

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 170057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Shen ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Chuang Li ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiaomeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen ◽  
Signalling Transduction ◽  
Infection Stage

Plants can be infected by a variety of pathogens, most of which can cause severe economic losses. The plants resist the invasion of pathogens via the innate or acquired immune system for surviving biotic stress. The associations between plants and pathogens are sophisticated beyond imaging and the interactions between them can occur at a very early stage after their touching each other. A number of researchers in the past decade have shown that many biochemical events appeared even as early as 5 min after their touching for plant disease resistance response. The early molecular interactions of plants and pathogens are likely to involve protein phosphorylation, ion fluxes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other signalling transduction. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in the study for molecular interaction response of fungal pathogens and host plant at the early infection stage, which included many economically important crop fungal pathogens such as cereal rust fungi, tomato Cladosporium fulvum , rice blast and so on. By dissecting the earlier infection stage of the diseases, the avirulent/virulent genes of pathogen or resistance genes of plant could be defined more clearly and accurately, which would undoubtedly facilitate fungal pathogenesis study and resistant crop breeding.

Antifungal properties exhibited by bacteria isolated from agriculturally cultivable soils and their antagonistic nature towards fungal phytopathogen suppression

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Usha Rani ◽  
Priyanka ◽  
A. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Nutrient Agar Medium ◽  
Fungal Antagonism ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogen

Soil samples collected from rhizosphere soil, cultivable field soil, Rhizoplane soil of paddy plants and were used to isolate bacteria by culture methods of which thirty two bacterial cultures were identified with diverse colony characteristics on nutrient agar medium and biochemical characterization. Sixteen bacterial isolates were selected for screening fungal antagonism on PDA and were further tested against <italic>Fusarium</italic> and <italic>Rhizoctonia species.</italic> In this study, two <italic>Pseudomonas strains</italic> (RB15, RB30) and <italic>Bacillus cereus</italic> (RB13) were cyanogen producers. Both strains of <italic>Pseudomonas</italic> RB15 and RB30 and <italic>Bacillus cereus</italic> (RB13) were also siderophore producers. Only three isolates showed chitinolytic activity; <italic>Serratia marcesens (RB24), Bacillus cereus (RB13) and Enterobacter cancerogenus</italic> (RB17).

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