Screening, Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Laccase Producing Bacteria from Contaminated Sites

Screening and isolation of Laccase producing bacteria from Guntur District soil was carried out to assess the diversity of Lignocellulose degrading bacteria. Isolation and identification of environmental friendly bacteria for lignin degradation becomes an essential one, because all the researchers are mainly concentrating on fungal strains. However, bacteria seem to play a leading role in decomposing lignin. For isolation of Laccase producing bacteria nutrient agar medium containing guaiacol was used. Total nine bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected from different regions of Guntur district. Preliminary screening of bacterial strains was carried out on guaiacol containing nutrient agar medium for laccase production. Formation of green colour using ABTS (2,2'- azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) confirms the capability of laccase production by the bacterial strains. Nine bacterial strains showed positive results. High laccase producing bacterial isolates were examined for morphological and biochemical characteristics according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The predominant isolates were identified as Bacillus and Enterobacter species.

Extraction of Lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis and Histological Study on Albino Rats Tissue

Introduction and Aim: An extract of the lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis has been found to be extremely useful in antimicrobial applications. Specifically, the goal of this study is to manufacture lipopeptide and assess the safety of this substance on the tissues and organs of laboratory rats. Materials and Methods: Bacillus subtilis bacteria were isolated and identified at the postgraduate microbiology laboratory in the department of biology at Kufa University's College of Science. The bacteria became active after 24 hours of growth in the brain broth infusion broth medium. In order to determine the bacteria's capacity to produce lipopeptide. On nutrient agar medium, a quantity of lipopeptide was synthesized utilizing HCL for sediment, yielding an estimated amount of 1.5 gm during a two-month period, then the product was partially purified and lyophilized using a lyophilizer. For one week, the lipopeptide was administered on albino rat tissues such as the kidney, liver, spleen, and small intestine to determine its safety. Results: The results showed no damage or any changes on tested tissues compared with control treatment and all of the previously mentioned organ tissues were completely intact and this is evidence of the safety of the lipopeptide extract for use. Conclusions: It was discovered that lipopeptide had no effect on the organs that were utilized in the experiment and that it is safe for human consumption.

High occurrence of Acanthamoeba spp. in the water samples of public swimming pools from Kerman Province, Iran

Acanthamoeba spp. is a free-living amoeba that can cause major infections in humans, including keratitis and granulomatous encephalitis. Thus, water resources play an important role in transmitting Acanthamoeba spp. infection to humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in public swimming pools from three cities of Kerman Province, southeastern Iran. Eighty water samples of 20 public indoor swimming pools were taken from Kerman, Jiroft, and Kahnauj cities. Water temperature (°C), pH, and free chlorine concentration (ppm) were measured. Filtration and cultivation were applied on non-nutrient agar medium. The polymerase chain reaction was applied by using the genus-specific primers (JDP1 and JDP2) on positive samples; these primers can amplify the 423–551 bp fragment. Eighteen of the 20 swimming pools (including 32/80; 40% samples) were contaminated with Acanthamoeba spp. All swimming pools of Jiroft and Kahnauj and 88.2% of swimming pools in Kerman were contaminated. As such, all 32 Acanthamoeba isolates were amplified using the JDP primer pairs. Two genotypes, T3 and T4, were also identified. The present research is the first to report Acanthamoeba spp. in public swimming pools from Kerman Province. Due to high occurrence of this protozoan, it is recommended to use warning signs around swimming pools to create awareness of this infection.

Antimicrobial Effect of Toothpastes on Dental Caries

Dental caries is an infectious disease of teeth which end up in the destruction of dental hard tissue. Poor oral hygiene is one of the major factor for accumulation of microorganisms and their harmful effects. The current study was done on antimicrobial efficacy of different brands of toothpastes against organisms isolated from patients having dental caries and comparative analysis has been made between chemical and herbal based toothpastes. Primary screening of organisms had been carried out on sterile Nutrient Agar medium and five isolates (A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) were obtained. Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes was checked using Agar well diffusion assay. In chemical based toothpastes, Close-up showed the maximum zone of inhibition of 30mm against A1 isolate and minimum efficacy was observed with Pepsodent with zone of 7mm against A4 isolate. In herbal based toothpastes, Babool showed highest effectiveness with zone of 28mm against A3 isolate and minimum with zone of 10 mm with Dabur red and Himalaya against A1 and A3 isolate. The comparative analysis showed that chemical based toothpastes are more effective than herbal based toothpastes. Further studies on probiotic approach should be done which has been a popular method used to affect oral microbial community.

Evaluation of Microbes under Stored Condition at 4°C in Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus Collected from Local Fish Market Ukkadam, Coimbatore

The present study was carried out to determine the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms in the frozen fish sample (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from Ukkadam local market, Coimbatore district. The sample was kept under 4°C frozen temperature for 7 days (frozen period). The serial diluted fish muscle samples (10-5) in nutrient agar medium after 24-36 hrs were quantified for microbial pathogens using microbial counting chamber. At the end of the experiment the selected fish muscle samples during the storage period was found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria ranging from 3.74×105 to 16.90×105 cfu/g. The total viable count of selected sample was gradually noted to be increased during the study period. Such quantity of pathogens in the selected experimental fish sample may claim a serious public health risk.

Genetic diversity and plant growth-promoting activity of the dominant bacteria from canola plants in Western Iran

Background Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be used as a safe and sustainable agricultural measure to increase plant yield. In this study, cultivable rhizospheric, endophytic, and epiphytic bacteria associated with canola were isolated on nutrient agar medium. The SDS-PAGE method was used for grouping the bacterial strains. Bacterial strains with more than 80% similarity in their protein patterns were placed in the same species and selected as a representative for partial 16S rRNA encoding gene sequence analysis. Results It was found that the bacteria used in this study belonged to Pseudomonas, Frigoribacterium, Sphingomonas, Sphingobacterium, Microbacterium, Bacillus, and Rhodococcus genera. Three PGP bioactivities including siderophore production, nitrogen fixation ability, and phosphate solubilization were evaluated for 18 Pseudomonas representative strains. All tested strains were able to produce siderophore, although only 5 strains could fix nitrogen and none was able to solubilize phosphate. Greenhouse experiments showed that 4 bacterial strains (i.e., 8312, 642, 1313W, and 9421) significantly affected canola seed germination and seedling growth. Bacterial strain 8312, which was identified as Pseudomonas sp., showed the highest effect on the growth of the canola plant. These results indicated the potential of strain 8312 to be used as a biofertilizer in canola cultivation. Conclusions The results of this research indicated that canola-related bacteria were diverse during the flowering stage. One isolate had a significant effect on all canola plant growth factors in the greenhouse. Hence, it is recommended to investigate this strain further in field infestation experiments.

Comparative Studies on Antibacterial Efficacy of Natural & Artificial Honey on Isolated Pathogens from Burnt Wound Sample

The present study dealt with the Isolation and Characterization of a bacterial pathogen from a burnt wound sample. The burnt Wound contamination may be a major muddling previously, patients. Blazed wounds indicated essentially higher bacterial tallies compared for the normal wound. The burnt wound sample was inoculated using nutrient agar medium and medium and incubated at 37oC for 24 hrs. After incubation pure cultures of organisms were made in respective agar mediums. The pure culture of bacteria was identified and characterized as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These organisms are dangerous pathogens penetrating the wound, producing a lot of pain and exudates. The improvement of blazed wound contamination is not another wonder and is a progressing issue for numerous individuals. Open wounds serve by a passage course to sullying 28 with attacking microorganisms. Furthermore Postponed wound recuperating about contaminated smolder wounds; it will be connected with expanded discomfort, healing center sit tight and human services expenses. The introduce fill in on the honey demonstrated antibacterial movement against the blazed wound pathogenic microscopic organisms for example, such that escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus Furthermore Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It will meet the requirements of essential products required in humans, animals as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. The natural honey is more effective and safer than artificial honey and the antibiotics against the burnt wound pathogens.

Application of auxin-cytokinin substitute in vitro culture Solanacea crops

Aim. The purpose of our research was to establish the possibility of initiation of potato and tomato culture plants using industrial growth regulators, which are legal for use in Ukraine, which include substances with pronounced auxin-cytokinin activity. Methods. In this work, we used varieties of tomato: Khoriv, Borivsky and Bozhedar, Povin potatos. Work in culture in vitro was performed according to conventional methods. Results. A phytohormone substitute was created in a known nutrient agar medium according to Murasige-Skuga. For the in vitro cultivation of tomato and potato plants, phytohormones were replaced by solutions of Ecostim and Ecostim 1, which exhibited auxin-cytokinin activity. The cost of these substitutes is much lower than that of commercial phytohormones. Conclusions. It is shown that optimal for growth in the MS medium in the callusogenesis of Solanacea cultures in vitro. That variant with the use of cytokinin substitutes Ecostim and Ecostim 1 with the rate of using of 35.0 and 40.0 mg/L. Keywords: modification of MS medium, potatoes, tomatoes, cell culture in vitro.

UJI SINERGIS KONSORSIA BAKTERI INDIGEN LCN DENGAN KONSORSIA BAKTERI TANAH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI

Antagonistic bacteria in the activities of one organism with other organisms compete with each other in fighting over places, air, water, food (nutrients). If the bacteria do not compete with each other but those bacteria can interact and synergize, and share the same nutritional sources and behave cooperatively between bacteria in their habitat. It is said to be synergisticThe goal is to find out the 15 consortia of LCN indigenous bacteria with soil bacteria can be synergistic so, it can be consortified. To utilize the synergistic test results of the consortia of LCN indigen bacteria with soil bacteria as a source of learning biology. The research design is a quantitative experiment . Synergistic test using Streak Plate Method on Nutrient Agar medium. The test results show that X2value 56.86> X2table 23.68 with α 0.05 in the chi-square table, so it can be concluded that there is a synergy between LCN Indigenous Bacteria and Soil Bacteria. The validation results show that the microbiology practicum guide with 96% results has a very good qualification so, it is suitable as a biology learning source in the form of a microbiology practicum guide based on scientific approach.