Antioxidant capacity of betacyanins as radical scavengers for peroxyl radical and nitric oxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsei Taira ◽  
Eito Tsuchida ◽  
Megumi C. Katoh ◽  
Masatsugu Uehara ◽  
Takayuki Ogi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Peroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavengers

scholarly journals Qualities of Native Apple Cultivar Juices Characteristic of Central Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otakar ROP ◽  
Martin POSOLDA ◽  
Jiri MLCEK ◽  
Vojtech REZNICEK ◽  
Jiri SOCHOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Scavenging Effect

During the last century due to the changes in landscape management, in country people’s lives and with intensive fruit-growing the native cultivars of apple fruit trees have been gradually disappearing. The aim of the study was to compare the juices made of native apple cider cultivars. The cultivars-‘Boikovo’, ‘Jadernicka moravska’, ‘Kardinal zihany’, ‘Panenske ceske’, ‘Parmena zlata zimni’, ‘Strymka’ growing in the locality of the Litencicke Hills in the eastern part of the Czech Republic were selected. For comparison, the fruits of commercial ‘Idared’ cultivar were also included. The chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid content and the influence of juices on scavenging activity of nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical were measured. The mutual ratio of examined properties which were found, provide information about qualities and possibilities of use of native cultivars. High antioxidant properties characterize the juice of native apple cultivars. In particular, the ‘Strymka’ cultivar contained 2,637.34 mg of AAE (ascorbic acid equivalent) per litre in case of antioxidant capacity. In the juice of this cultivar the value of 144.05 mg of ascorbic acid per litre was recorded. As regards the ‘Panenske ceske’ cultivar, antioxidant capacity was 2,548.38 mg of AAE l-1 and in relation to ascorbic acid, the value was 145.35 mg l-1. Similarly, high values were observed in both cultivars concerning the scavenging effect of apple juices on hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide (the ‘Strymka’ cultivar 16.38% and 19.26%, the ‘Panenske ceske’ cultivar 16.31% and 18.60%).

Wilzbach Tritation studies. III. A study of physical variables affecting exchange in the polycyclic aromatics

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Garnett ◽  
SW Law
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Polycyclic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatics ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Labelling Process ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Radical Processes

The effect of particle size of substrate and tritium gas pressure on the efficiency of Wilzbach tritiation of crystalline polycyclic hydrocarbons has been investigated. The hydrocarbons studied included naphthalene, biphenyl, phenanthrene, chrysene, pyrene, m- and p-terphenyls, and acridine. No simple relationship between ionization potential and tritium incorporation was observed. The effect of radical scavengers such as nitric oxide and moderators such as helium on the labelling process have been examined. Tritium incorporation in a polycyclic hydrocarbon is enhanced lf gas exposure occurs in the presence of benzoic acid. The results are discussed in terms of current theories proposed for tritium labelling based on gas-phase studies. In the condensed phase present data show that radical processes are important in Wilzbach labelling. This has been confirmed by a preliminary e.s.r. examination of naphthalene and anthracene in the presence of tritium gas.

scholarly journals Drugs Repurposed as Antiferroptosis Agents Suppress Organ Damage, Including AKI, by Functioning as Lipid Peroxyl Radical Scavengers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eikan Mishima ◽  
Emiko Sato ◽  
Junya Ito ◽  
Ken-ichi Yamada ◽  
Chitose Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Peroxyl Radical ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Lipid Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Elevated Lipid

BackgroundFerroptosis, nonapoptotic cell death mediated by free radical reactions and driven by the oxidative degradation of lipids, is a therapeutic target because of its role in organ damage, including AKI. Ferroptosis-causing radicals that are targeted by ferroptosis suppressors have not been unequivocally identified. Because certain cytochrome P450 substrate drugs can prevent lipid peroxidation via obscure mechanisms, we evaluated their antiferroptotic potential and used them to identify ferroptosis-causing radicals.MethodsUsing a cell-based assay, we screened cytochrome P450 substrate compounds to identify drugs with antiferroptotic activity and investigated the underlying mechanism. To evaluate radical-scavenging activity, we used electron paramagnetic resonance–spin trapping methods and a fluorescence probe for lipid radicals, NBD-Pen, that we had developed. We then assessed the therapeutic potency of these drugs in mouse models of cisplatin-induced AKI and LPS/galactosamine-induced liver injury.ResultsWe identified various US Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs and hormones that have antiferroptotic properties, including rifampicin, promethazine, omeprazole, indole-3-carbinol, carvedilol, propranolol, estradiol, and thyroid hormones. The antiferroptotic drug effects were closely associated with the scavenging of lipid peroxyl radicals but not significantly related to interactions with other radicals. The elevated lipid peroxyl radical levels were associated with ferroptosis onset, and known ferroptosis suppressors, such as ferrostatin-1, also functioned as lipid peroxyl radical scavengers. The drugs exerted antiferroptotic activities in various cell types, including tubules, podocytes, and renal fibroblasts. Moreover, in mice, the drugs ameliorated AKI and liver injury, with suppression of tissue lipid peroxidation and decreased cell death.ConclusionsAlthough elevated lipid peroxyl radical levels can trigger ferroptosis onset, some drugs that scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals can help control ferroptosis-related disorders, including AKI.

The gas-phase photolysis of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene at 123.6 nm

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1731-1735
Author(s):  
Valerie I. Lang ◽  
Richard D. Doepker
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Iodide ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Primary Decomposition ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Molecule Reaction ◽  
Reaction Channels

The gas-phase photolysis of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene has been investigated using krypton (123.6 nm) resonance radiation. The observed neutral products of the primary decomposition were vinylacetylene, ethylene, acetylene, methylacetylene, propylene, allene, 2-methy-1-buten-3-yne, pentatriene/1-penten-3-yne, 1,3-butadiene, 2-butyne and butatriene, listed in decreasing order of concentration. There was also evidence of the presence of several radical fragments: CH2/CH3, C2H3, C3H3, and C4H5. Quantum yields for each of the products were determined in the photolysis of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, performed both in the presence and the absence of additives. Nitric oxide and oxygen were employed as radical scavengers, while hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen iodide were used as radical interceptors. Twelve primary, neutral molecule, reaction channels were proposed and the quantum efficiency assigned for each. The ionization efficiency of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene was established as n = 0.55 at 10.03 eV. No products formed exclusively via an ion–molecule pathway were identified and therefore the fate of the C5H8+ ion was not determined.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Oleuropein on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neuronal Stress- An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altug Kucukgul ◽  
Mehmet M. Isgor ◽  
Vesile Duzguner ◽  
Meryem N. Atabay ◽  
Azime Kucukgul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Human Glioblastoma ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Human Glioblastoma Cells

Background: Persistent oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation and mediate most chronic diseases including neurological disorders. Oleuropein has been shown to be a potent antioxidant molecule in olive oil leaf having antioxidative properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oleuropein against oxidative stress in human glioblastoma cells. Methods: Human glioblastoma cells (U87) were pretreated with oleuropein (OP) essential oil 10 µM. After 30 minutes, 100 µM H2O2 was added to the cells for three hours. Cell survival was quantified by colorimetric MTT assay. Glutathione level, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were determined by using specific spectrophotometric methods. The relative gene expression level of iNOS was performed by qRT-PCR method. Results: According to viability results, the effective concentration of H2O2 (100µM) significantly decreased cell viability and oleuropein pretreatment significantly prevented the cell losses. Oleuropein regenerated total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels decreased by H2O2 exposure. In addition, nitric oxide and total oxidant capacity levels were also decreased after administration of oleuropein in treated cells. Conclusion: Oleuropein was found to have potent antioxidative properties in human glioblastoma cells. However, further studies and validations are needed in order to understand the exact neuroprotective mechanism of oleuropein.

scholarly journals Antioxidant capacity, phenolic and vitamin C contents of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as affected by sprouting and storage conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura N. Laus ◽  
Mariagrazia P. Cataldi ◽  
Carlo Robbe ◽  
Tiziana D'Ambrosio ◽  
Maria L. Amodio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Peroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reducing Activity

Antioxidant capacity (AC) of quinoa (<em>Chenopodium quinoa</em> Willd. cv. Real) seeds and sprouts obtained after 4 days of seed germination at 20°C and 70% humidity was evaluated using trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, able to highlight reducing activity and peroxyl radical scavenging capacity, respectively; phenolic content (PC) was also measured. Both TEAC and ORAC assays revealed a significantly higher (about 2- and 2.8-fold, respectively) AC of 4-day-old sprouts compared to seeds; consistently, also PC values of sprouts resulted about 2.6 times higher than seeds. In order to investigate the influence of storage on AC and PC, as well as on vitamin C content (VCC), 4-day-old sprouts were subjected for 7 days at 5°C to three different conditions of controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) compared with air. Interestingly, whatever the CAS conditions, storage of quinoa sprouts up to 7 days induced an increase of AC evaluated in terms of reducing activity by TEAC assay. Consistently, an increase of PC and VCC was measured during storage, positively correlated to TEAC values. Moreover, a decrease of peroxyl radical scavenging activity, measured by ORAC, was observed after 7 days of storage, in accordance with a shift of AC towards the reducing activity component. Overall, these findings indicate that sprouting approach using quinoa may provide highly antioxidant-enriched seedlings that may improve nutritional quality of diet or of functional foods. Interestingly, antioxidant properties of quinoa sprouts may be deeply influenced by storage, able to increase reducing activity by increasing phenols and vitamin C.

scholarly journals Placental Adaptive Changes to Protect Function and Decrease Oxidative Damage in Metabolically Healthy Maternal Obesity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Santos-Rosendo ◽  
Fernando Bugatto ◽  
Alvaro González-Domínguez ◽  
Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho ◽  
Rosa Maria Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, are characterized by the presence of an adverse intrauterine milieu that may ultimately result in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This scenario may trigger uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O●−) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), along with an inactivation of antioxidant systems, which are associated with the occurrence of relevant changes in placental function through recognized redox post-translational modifications in key proteins. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal obesogenic enviroment on the regulation of the placental nitroso-redox balance at the end of pregnancy. We measured oxidative damage markers—thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups (C=O) levels; nitrosative stress markers—inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrosothiol groups, and nitrotyrosine residues levels; and the antioxidant biomarkers—catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in full-term placental villous from both pre-pregnancy normal weight and obese women, and with absence of metabolic complications throughout gestation. The results showed a decrease in C=O and TBARS levels in obese pregnancies. Although total SOD and catalase concentrations were shown to be increased, both activities were significantly downregulated in obese pregnancies, along with total antioxidant capacity. Inducible nitric oxide sintase levels were increased in the obese group compared to the lean group, accompanied by an increase in nitrotyrosine residues levels and lower levels of nitrosothiol groups in proteins such as ERK1/2. These findings reveal a reduction in oxidative damage, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant response, and an increase via NO-mediated nitrative stress in placental tissue from metabolically healthy pregnancies with obesity. All this plausibly points to a placental adaptation of the affected antioxidant response towards a NO-induced alternative pathway, through changes in the ROS/RNS balance, in order to reduce oxidative damage and preserve placental function in pregnancy.

A method for the comparative assessment of antioxidants as peroxyl radical scavengers

1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1465-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Darley-Usmar ◽  
A. Hersey ◽  
L.G. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Peroxyl Radical ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Radical Scavengers
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