Beeswax: A potential self-emulsifying agent for the construction of thermal-sensitive food W/O emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 129203
Author(s):  
Yuxing Gao ◽  
Yujie Lei ◽  
Yuehan Wu ◽  
Hongshan Liang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emulsifying Agent

Morphological behavior of compatibilized ternary blends prepared by mechanical mixing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1200-1201
Author(s):  
S.D. Smith ◽  
R.J. Spontak ◽  
D.H. Melik ◽  
S.M. Buehler ◽  
K.M. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Homopolymer Blends ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Low Entropy

When blended together, homopolymers A and B will normally macrophase-separate into relatively large (≫1 μm) A-rich and B-rich phases, between which exists poor interfacial adhesion, due to a low entropy of mixing. The size scale of phase separation in such a blend can be reduced, and the extent of interfacial A-B contact and entanglement enhanced, via addition of an emulsifying agent such as an AB diblock copolymer. Diblock copolymers consist of a long sequence of A monomers covalently bonded to a long sequence of B monomers. These materials are surface-active and decrease interfacial tension between immiscible phases much in the same way as do small-molecule surfactants. Previous studies have clearly demonstrated the utility of block copolymers in compatibilizing homopolymer blends and enhancing blend properties such as fracture toughness. It is now recognized that optimization of emulsified ternary blends relies upon design considerations such as sufficient block penetration into a macrophase (to avoid block slip) and prevention of a copolymer multilayer at the A-B interface (to avoid intralayer failure).

Resin Soap as an Emulsifying Agent

1890 ◽  
Vol 29 (748supp) ◽  
pp. 11955-11955
Author(s):  
H. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Emulsifying Agent

scholarly journals EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES OF AFZELIA GUM IN LIQUID PARAFFIN EMULSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Olorunsola ◽  
Stephen O. Majekodunmi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
Acacia Gum ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Afzelia Africana ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Afzelia africana gum has been shown to possess surface activity. It is a good alternative to sodium carboxy methylcellulose in terms of suspending properties. This work was aimed at evaluating the emulsifying properties of the gum in liquid paraffin emulsion.Methods: Liquid paraffin emulsions (200 ml each) were prepared with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 % w/v) of afzelia gum as an emulsifying agent. Similar preparations containing standard acacia gum at corresponding concentrations were also made. Liquid paraffin emulsions (200 ml each) were equally prepared using 60 ml liquid paraffin as the oily phase and 6 g of various combinations of afzelia gum and tween 80 as emulsifier blends. The emulsifier blends were of ratio 1:5, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 5:1. The preparations were assessed for density and viscosity; and then for stability after 5 d of storage.Results: The viscosity of emulsion containing 10 % w/v afzelia gum was 668.90 mPa.s while that of an emulsion containing the same concentration of acacia gum was 23.56 mPa. s. Emulsion containing 3 % w/v afzelia gum (having a creaming index of 16 %) was found to be more stable compared to the emulsion containing 10 % w/v acacia gum (having creaming index of 28 %). The viscosity and stability of emulsions containing emulsifier blends of afzelia gum and tween 80 increased with increase in the proportion of afzelia gum.Conclusion: The gum is suitable for use at a concentration of 3 % w/v as an emulsifier in 30 % v/v liquid paraffin emulsion, and it is about three times better than acacia gum as an emulsifier. It is a good alternative to standard acacia gum for emulsification. 

Basic Concepts of Nanoemulsion and its Potential application in Pharmaceutical, Cosmeceutical and Nutraceutical fields

2021 ◽  
pp. 3938-3946
Author(s):  
Heba S. Elsewedy ◽  
Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab ◽  
Mahmoud A. Mahdy ◽  
Hanan M. Elnahas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Physical And Chemical

One of the widely efficient and noteworthy nanocarriers that could draw a great attention toward pharmaceutical fields is nanoemulsions (NEs). NEs are thermodynamically stable colloidal dispersions composed of two immiscible liquids, oil and water that mixed together using emulsifying agent (surfactant and co-surfactant). It regarded as pharmaceutical dosage form having droplet size within a nanometer range, hence it has extensively considered as carrier for delivering active agents. Such carrier is fabricated in order to overcome some obstacles associated with conventional drug delivery systems especially low bioavailability. The objective of this review is to present an overview about NE and its latest applications in diverse areas such as drug delivery, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical. Clarifications about different mechanisms of NEs development that are frequently used were provided. Correspondingly, popular characterization techniques for NEs such as determination of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and viscosity were reviewed. Eventually, summary of physical and chemical instability in addition to the regulatory aspects of NE were provided.

Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the fate of circulatingPseudomonas aeruginosa

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. L1037-L1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Brain ◽  
Ramon M. Molina ◽  
Malcolm M. DeCamp ◽  
Angeline E. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
The Third ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Perfluorochemical Emulsion ◽  
Clearance Kinetics ◽  
Lung And Kidney ◽  
Vascular Clearance

Because mononuclear phagocytes take up perfluorochemical emulsions (PFCE), we examined how prior treatment with PFCE affects the fate of circulating bacteria. Rats were preinjected with three daily intravenous injections of PFCE (2.0 ml/100 g) containing 12.5% (vol/vol) of a 4:1 mixture of F-dimethyl adamantane and F-trimethylbicyclo-nonane, 2.5% (wt/vol) Pluronic F-68 as the emulsifying agent, and 3% (wt/vol) hydroxyethyl starch as the oncotic agent. Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus were injected 4 h after the third PFCE injection. PFCE pretreatment decreased the rate and extent of vascular clearance of P. aeruginosa, with decreased uptake by the liver. Importantly, there were significant decreases in killing of P. aeruginosa in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys of PFCE animals. PFCE did not alter the clearance of S. aureus from the circulation. However, hepatic uptake was reduced, with concomitant increases in lung and kidney uptake. Ultrastructure of Kupffer cells revealed PFCE inclusions and extensive vacuolization. These experiments demonstrate that the clearance kinetics and organ distribution of circulating P. aeruginosa and their subsequent killing are altered by PFCE. Diminished hepatic phagocyte function leads to a decrease in vascular clearance of circulating bacteria, increased uptake in other reticuloendothelial organs, and decreased bactericidal activity versus P. aeruginosa.

Bioremediation of synthetic fatliquors under microaerobic condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Umamaheswari ◽  
K. Priya ◽  
Rama Rajaram
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microaerobic Condition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End Products ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Synthetic fatliquors are useful as a fatliquoring agent, flotation agent and emulsifying agent in a wide range of industrial applications such as leather, pharmacy and farm chemicals. These fatliquors remain recalcitrant to natural biota in existing treatment plants. In the present study, the isolated microaerophilic Serratia sp. HA1 strain CSMB3 is capable of utilizing structurally different fatliquors as the sole substrate for their growth under microaerobic conditions. Degradation of vegetable fatliquors was observed from 95 to 97% in terms of lipids, with the production of lipase at 72 h. Degradation of synthetic fatliquors was observed in terms of chemical oxygen demand from 85% to a minimum of 25%. It is in the order of sulfited/sulfated fatliquors > sulfochlorinated fatliquors > chlorinated fatliquors. A thin layer chromatography chromatogram confirmed the degradation of non polar fatliquor to polar compounds. Production of the red pigment prodigiosin in synthetic fatliquors enhanced the growth of the isolate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the bioremediation of sulfochlorinated fatliquor into lipids and fatty acids and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results confirmed that alcohols and esters are the final end products. Thus the isolated strain CSMB3 may be used in the treatment of wastewaters containing vegetable and synthetic fatliquors.

Synthesis of diphenylamine-co-aniline copolymers in emulsified systems using a reactive surfactant as the emulsifying agent and aniline monomer

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras ◽  
Claudia A. Hernández-Escobar ◽  
Anayansi Estrada-Monje ◽  
Takaomi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Aniline Monomer ◽  
Reactive Surfactant ◽  
Emulsifying Agent

scholarly journals Characterization and stability studies of emulsion systems containing pumice

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Estanqueiro ◽  
Jaime Conceição ◽  
Maria Helena Amaral ◽  
Delfim Santos ◽  
João Baptista Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Emulsion Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Skin Care Products

Emulsions are the most common form of skin care products. However, these systems may exhibit some instability. Therefore, when developing emulsions for topical application it is interesting to verify whether they have suitable physical and mechanical characteristics and further assess their stability. The aim of this work was to study the stability of emulsion systems, which varied in the proportion of the emulsifying agent cetearyl alcohol (and) sodium lauryl sulfate (and) sodium cetearyl sulfate (LSX), the nature of the oily phase (decyl oleate, cyclomethicone or dimethicone) and the presence or absence of pumice (5% w/w). While maintaining the samples at room temperature, rheology studies, texture analysis and microscopic observation of formulations with and without pumice were performed. Samples were also submitted to an accelerated stability study by centrifugation and to a thermal stress test. Through the testing, it was found that the amount of emulsifying agent affects the consistency and textural properties such as firmness and adhesiveness. So, formulations containing LSX (5% w/w) and decyl oleate or dimethicone as oily phase had a better consistency and remained stable with time, so exhibited the best features to be used for skin care products.

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