scholarly journals The Botanical, Chemical and Ethnobotanical Diversity of Southern African Lamiaceae

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3712
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Rattray ◽  
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Flora Of Southern Africa ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
History Of Use

The Lamiaceae is undoubtedly an important plant family, having a rich history of use that spans the globe with many species being used in folk medicine and modern industries alike. Their ability to produce aromatic volatile oils has made them valuable sources of materials in the cosmetic, culinary, and pharmaceutical industries. A thorough account of the taxonomic diversity, chemistry and ethnobotany is lacking for southern African Lamiaceae, which feature some of the region’s most notable medicinal and edible plant species. We provide a comprehensive insight into the Lamiaceae flora of southern Africa, comprising 297 species in 42 genera, 105 of which are endemic to the subcontinent. We further explore the medicinal and traditional uses, where all genera with documented uses are covered for the region. A broad review of the chemistry of southern African Lamiaceae is presented, noting that only 101 species (34%) have been investigated chemically (either their volatile oils or phytochemical characterization of secondary metabolites), thus presenting many and varied opportunities for further studies. The main aim of our study was therefore to present an up-to-date account of the botany, chemistry and traditional uses of the family in southern Africa, and to identify obvious knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Aquaculture Production of the Brown Seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Macrocystis pyrifera: Applications in Food and Pharmaceuticals

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Diane Purcell-Meyerink ◽  
Michael A. Packer ◽  
Thomas T. Wheeler ◽  
Maria Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Commercial Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Seaweeds have a long history of use as food, as flavouring agents, and find use in traditional folk medicine. Seaweed products range from food, feed, and dietary supplements to pharmaceuticals, and from bioenergy intermediates to materials. At present, 98% of the seaweed required by the seaweed industry is provided by five genera and only ten species. The two brown kelp seaweeds Laminaria digitata, a native Irish species, and Macrocystis pyrifera, a native New Zealand species, are not included in these eleven species, although they have been used as dietary supplements and as animal and fish feed. The properties associated with the polysaccharides and proteins from these two species have resulted in increased interest in them, enabling their use as functional foods. Improvements and optimisations in aquaculture methods and bioproduct extractions are essential to realise the commercial potential of these seaweeds. Recent advances in optimising these processes are outlined in this review, as well as potential future applications of L. digitata and, to a greater extent, M. pyrifera which, to date, has been predominately only wild-harvested. These include bio-refinery processing to produce ingredients for nutricosmetics, functional foods, cosmeceuticals, and bioplastics. Areas that currently limit the commercial potential of these two species are highlighted.

scholarly journals Glycemia Lowering Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Hedychium coronarium Leaves in Diabetic Rodent Models

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Shan Tse ◽  
Po-Lin Liao ◽  
Chi-Hao Tsai ◽  
Ching-Hao Li ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Hedychium coronarium has a long history of use worldwide as a food and in folk medicine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of H. coronarium leaves (HC) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Two types of animal models were used in this study: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM (Wistar rats; N = 8) and C57BKSdb/db mice (N = 5). After treatment with HC for 28 days, glucose tolerance improved in both of the diabetic animal models. As significant effects were shown after 14 days of treatment in the STZ-induced T2DM model, we carried out the experiments with it. After 28 days of treatment with HC, the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly improved in the STZ-induced T2DM model. The lesions degree of islet β-cells was decreased after the HC treatment. Although the insulin level increased moderately, the aldosterone level was significantly decreased in the HC-treated groups, suggesting that aldosterone might play an important role in this effect. In summary, HC is a natural product and it is worth exploring its effect on T2DM.

Phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies of petasites hybridus (l.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. A review /

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Ożarowski ◽  
Jędrzej Przystanowicz ◽  
Artur Adamczak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract Preparations from rhizomes of Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (common butterbur) have a long history of use in folk medicine in treatment of several diseases as anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic drugs. Extracts from this species are of interest to researchers in the field of phytopharmacology due to their biologically active compounds, particularly two eremophilane sesquiterpenes (petasin and isopetasin), which are contained not only in rhizomes and roots, but also in leaves. Moreover, P. hybridusa contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which showed hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Hence, special extracts devoid of alkaloids obtained by sub- and super-critic carbon dioxide extraction were used in the preclinical, clinical studies and phytotherapy. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of pharmacological as well as clinical trials of P. hybridus, carried out in 2000-2013. Also several studies of other species used in non-European countries have been included. Besides, the botanical description of Petasites genus and phytochemical characteristic of P. hybridus and toxicological studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids as well as chemical profile of patented commercial extracts from rhizomes, roots and leaves of this species used in European phytotherapy have been performed. In this review, attention has also been paid to the promising and potential application of special extracts of P. hybridus not only in the prevention of migraine, treatment of allergic rhinitis symptoms, asthma and hypertension, but also in prevention and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases developing with the inflammatory process in the CNS as a new therapeutic strategy. In fact, there is already an evidence of promising properties of P. hybridus extracts and sesquiterpens - decrease in the prostaglandins and leukotrienes release, inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, as well as antagonism of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. In order to explain the new mechanisms of action of P. hybridus extracts in the CNS and their future application in phytotherapy of diseases with neuroinflammatory process, further studies should be performed.

scholarly journals Health Functionality of Blueberries

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Kalt ◽  
Dominique Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Health Market ◽  
Health Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Tract Infections

Blueberries (Vaccinium sp.) have a long history of use in native and folk medicine in North America and Europe. Today the European blueberry (bilberry) is used in a variety of pharmaceutical and food supplement products that are recommended for treating blood vessel disorders and ophthalmological conditions. Anthocyanins, the pigments that impart the blue color to blueberries, are considered the active ingredient in bilberry health products, although other related flavonoids are biomedically useful. Vaccinium flavonoids are antioxidants and are also recognized for their anticarcinogenic properties and usefulness in treating urinary tract infections. The most immediate, and perhaps greatest, opportunity for a health market for North American blueberries may be in promoting blueberries as a healthy food. As researchers continue to explore the biomedical usefulness of blueberries, the blueberry food industry should strive to retain the healthful phytochemical in their products.

scholarly journals Zuccagnia punctata: A Review of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Inés Isla ◽  
María Alejandra Moreno ◽  
Gabriela Nuño ◽  
Fabiola Rodriguez ◽  
Antonella Carabajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Chemical Groups

Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant with a long history of use in Argentine traditional medicines; it belongs to a monotypic genus, and is an endemic species of Argentina. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicology of Z. punctata. A wide range of traditional uses are cited in the literature such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor, among others. Pharmacological studies to date have demonstrated significant activities that support the traditional uses of this plant. No human clinical trials had been completed up to the time of this review and no toxic effect had been detected in animals. Compounds from different chemical groups have been isolated such as phenolic compounds and essential oils. Plant extracts and phytochemicals isolated exhibit a broad range of activities, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antigenotoxic, antioxidant, antiulcer, and nematicidal. The main bioactive phytochemicals in the aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) were identified as 2′, 4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone and 2′, 4′-dihydroxychalcone and were proposed as chemical markers. Consequently, standardized dry extracts of aerial parts of Z. puntacta could be used in herbal medicinal products. Also, they could be included in phytotherapeutic preparations such as capsules, creams, and gels, and for microencapsulation.

A note on Combretum subgenus Combretum section Macrostigmatea (Com-bretaceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
E. F. Hennessy ◽  
S. Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
First Record ◽  
Flora Of Southern Africa ◽  
History Of

The history of Combretum section Macrostigmatea, its circumscription and its representation in the Flora of southern Africa region are provided. A specimen from northern Botswana, Miller B/1199. initially misidentified as C. engleri. is shown to be C. kirkii, the first record of this taxon in the  FSA region.  Combretum mkuzense is placed in synonymy in C.  zeyheri section Spathulipetala.

scholarly journals Taxonomy of the genus Keetia (Rubiaceae-subfam. Ixoroideae-tribe Vanguerieae) in southern Africa, with notes on bacterial symbiosis as well as the structure of colleters and the ‘stylar head’ complex

Bothalia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Tilney ◽  
A. E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Secondary Pollen Presentation ◽  
Flora Of Southern Africa ◽  
Bacterial Symbiosis ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Pollen Presentation ◽  
First Time

The genus Keetia E.Phillips has a single representative in the Flora of southern Africa region (FSA). namely K.  gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson. The genus and this species are discussed, the distribution mapped and traditional uses indicated. The structures of the calycine colleters, and the ‘stylar head' complex which is involved in secondary pollen presentation, are elucidated and compared w ith existing descriptions. Intercellular, non-nodulating, slime-producing bacteria are reported in leaves of a Keetia for the first time. Differences between the southern African representativ es o f Keetia, Psydrax Gaertn. Afrocanthium (Bridson) Lantz B.Bremer, and Canthium s. str.. which for many years were included in Canthium s.I., are given.

scholarly journals Cichorium intybus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée A. Street ◽  
Jasmeen Sidana ◽  
Gerhard Prinsloo
Keyword(s):  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
Coffee Substitute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Scientific Validation

The genusCichorium(Asteraceae) is made up of six species with major geographical presence in Europe and Asia.Cichorium intybus, commonly known as chicory, is well known as a coffee substitute but is also widely used medicinally to treat various ailments ranging from wounds to diabetes. Although this plant has a rich history of use in folklore, many of its constituents have not been explored for their pharmacological potential. Toxicological data onC. intybusis currently limited. This review focuses on the economic and culturally important medicinal uses ofC. intybus. Traditional uses, scientific validation, and phytochemical composition are discussed in detail.

Itumeleng Mosala: Giving Theology Its World, Feet and Hands

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatso Mofokeng
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Black Consciousness Movement

Worthy of celebration is the contribution made by Itumeleng Mosala (hereafter Mosala) to the Black Methodist Consultation, the theological community in Southern Africa, and the Black Consciousness Movement. This article attempts to give theology its world, feet and hands in the person of Mosala. The article departs from the narration of the history of Mosala. It locates Mosala within township life and Old Testament scholarship. Furthermore, the article searches for suitable and effective weapons of intellectual struggle in light of Mosala’s life. The aim of this article is to celebrate the indelible footprints that Mosala made as he communed with black people.

scholarly journals Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Heba A. Gad ◽  
Autumn Roberts ◽  
Samirah H. Hamzi ◽  
Haidy A. Gad ◽  
Ilham Touiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Jojoba Oil ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Jojoba is a widely used medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. Its seeds and oil have a long history of use in folklore to treat various ailments, such as skin and scalp disorders, superficial wounds, sore throat, obesity, and cancer; for improvement of liver functions, enhancement of immunity, and promotion of hair growth. Extensive studies on Jojoba oil showed a wide range of pharmacological applications, including antioxidant, anti-acne and antipsoriasis, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperglycemia activities. In addition, Jojoba oil is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in cosmetics for topical, transdermal, and parenteral preparations. Jojoba oil also holds value in the industry as an anti-rodent, insecticides, lubricant, surfactant, and a source for the production of bioenergy. Jojoba oil is considered among the top-ranked oils due to its wax, which constitutes about 98% (mainly wax esters, few free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons). In addition, sterols and vitamins with few triglyceride esters, flavonoids, phenolic and cyanogenic compounds are also present. The present review represents an updated literature survey about the chemical composition of jojoba oil, its physical properties, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and toxicity.

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