Long-term functionality of woody debris structures for forest-floor small mammals on clearcuts

Biomass and C, N, P, and K contents of woody debris and the forest floor were surveyed in adjacent stands of old-growth western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn)–western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) (CH type), and 85-year-old, windstorm-derived, second-growth western hemlock–amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) (HA type) at three sites on northern Vancouver Island. Carbon concentrations were relatively constant across all detrital categories (mean = 556.8 mg/g); concentrations of N and P generally increased, and K generally decreased, with increasing degree of decomposition. The mean mass of woody debris was 363 Mg/ha in the CH and 226 Mg/ha in the HA type. The mean forest floor mass was 280 Mg/ha in the CH and 211 Mg/ha in the HA stands. Approximately 60% of the forest floor mass in each forest type was decaying wood. Dead woody material above and within the forest floor represented a significant store of biomass and nutrients in both forest types, containing 82% of the aboveground detrital biomass, 51–59% of the N, and 58–61% of the detrital P. Forest floors in the CH and HA types contained similar total quantities of N, suggesting that the lower N availability in CH forests is not caused by greater immobilization in detritus. The large accumulation of forest floor and woody debris in this region is attributed to slow decomposition in the cool, wet climate, high rates of detrital input following windstorms, and the large size and decay resistance of western red cedar boles.

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Long-Term Forest Floor Fuels Accumulations in Sierran Mixed Conifer Subjected to Forest Restoration Treatments

Forest Research Open Access ◽

10.4172/2168-9776.1000177 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Swim SL ◽

Walker RF ◽

Johnson DW ◽

Fecko RM ◽

Miller WW

Keyword(s):

Forest Floor ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Mixed Conifer

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Atmospheric Heavy Metal Input to Forest Soils in Rural Areas of Denmark

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2007.41 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. F. Hovmand ◽

Kaare Kemp

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Ambient Atmosphere ◽

Chronological Order ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Yearly Average ◽

Atmospheric Inputs

Atmospheric bulk deposition of heavy metals (HM) was measured from 1972/73 to the present time at five to ten forest sites in rural areas of Denmark. From 1979, HM in aerosols were measured at one to four forest sites. On the basis of these long-term continuous measurements, the atmospheric inputs to the forest floor have been calculated. Yearly HM emission estimates to the European atmosphere seems to correlate well with yearly average values of HM deposition, as well as with HM concentrations in the ambient atmosphere. HM emissions have been estimated since the 1950s. Using the correlation between emission and deposition, HM deposition values maybe extrapolated in reverse chronological order. The accumulated atmospheric HM deposition has been estimated in this way over a period of 50 years.

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Nitrogen storage and availability during stand development in a New Zealand Nothofagus forest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-188 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 344-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

P W Clinton ◽

R B Allen ◽

M R Davis

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Stand Development ◽

N Availability ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Nitrogen Storage ◽

Nothofagus Forest ◽

Mature Stands

Stemwood production, N pools, and N availability were determined in even-aged (10, 25, 120, and >150-year-old) stands of a monospecific mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole) forest in New Zealand recovering from catastrophic canopy disturbance brought about by windthrow. Nitrogen was redistributed among stemwood biomass, coarse woody debris (CWD), the forest floor, and mineral soil following disturbance. The quantity of N in stemwood biomass increased from less than 1 kg/ha in seedling stands (10 years old) to ca. 500 kg/ha in pole stands (120 years old), but decreased in mature stands (>150 years old). In contrast, the quantity of N stored in CWD declined rapidly with stand development. Although the mass of N stored in the forest floor was greatest in the pole stands and least in the mature stands, N availability in the forest floor did not vary greatly with stand development. The mass of N in the mineral soil (0100 mm depth) was also similar for all stands. Foliar N concentrations, net N mineralization, and mineralizable N in the mineral soil (0100 mm depth) showed similar patterns with stage of stand development, and indicated that N availability was greater in sapling (25 years old) and mature stands than in seedling and pole stands. We conclude that declining productivity in older stands is associated more with reductions in cation availability, especially calcium, than N availability.

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Fauna of gamasina mites (Gamasoidea) of small mammals of a natural region «Samarskaya Luka»

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv20162112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

Irina Anatol’evna Sorokopud

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Water Vole ◽

Separate Species ◽

Natural Region ◽

Mole Vole ◽

Ecological Complex ◽

Tundra Vole ◽

First Time ◽

Samarskaya Luka

Data on fauna of gamasina mites parasitizing on small mammals are provided in article. Data are obtained during long-term monitoring of an ecological complex of small mammals of a natural and territorial complex Samarskaya Luka, which is realized since 1999. Also data on fauna of gamasina mites in 14 years of researches (2000-2003, 2005, 2007-2015 years), including literary data about the gamasina mites of this territory, are generalized and analysed. Specific accessory of 7439 individuals of mites, seven childbirth of three families relating to fifteen types is defined. Parasitizing the gamasina mites on 16 species of small mammals, including groups rodents, soricomorpha, carnivora (least weasel) is established. Domination of separate species of mites is revealed, so to eudominant Laelaps hilaris and Hirstionyssus isabellinus are belong, dominants are - Hirstionyssus ellobii , Haemolaelaps glasgowi , Hyperlaelaps arvalis , L. agilis . Myonyssus rossicus , L. algericus , Haemogamasus ambulans and Hirstionyssus macedonicus were extremely rare species met in single copies. For the first time for this territory types of H. ellobii , L. micromydis , H. ambulans , H. macedonicus are noted. Conclusions on degree of a confinedness of parasites to certain types of hosts are drawn. Monohostal types: L. agilis (the host - a yellow-necked mouse), L. muris (the host - a tundra vole and a water vole), L. micromydis (the host - a small mouse), L. algericus (the host - a house mouse), H. arvalis (the host - a tundra vole and a water vole), H. ellobii (the host - a northern mole vole). Polihostal: H. musculi , L. hilaris , H. isabellinus , H. glasgowi , E. stabularis , H. nidi .

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Long-Term Trends in Small Mammals on a Right-of-Way in Pennsylvania, U.S.

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2007.016 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 147-152

Author(s):

Richard Yahner ◽

Russell Hutnik

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Common Species ◽

The State ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Right Of Way ◽

Live Trapping ◽

Long Term Trends

The State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area, Centre County, Pennsylvania, U.S., has been studied since 1953 with the objective of comparing the effectiveness of commonly used mechanical and herbicidal maintenance treatments on vegetation and wildlife on a right-of-way (ROW). Small mammals are important wildlife species on a ROW by consuming tree seeds, thereby reducing invasion of undesirable tree species, and these mammals are important components of a healthy ecosystem. As a follow up to a 2-year study of small mammals conducted 15 years earlier (1989 to 1990) on the State Game Lands 33 ROW, we initiated a 2-year live-trapping study in 2004 on small mammal populations on this ROW. The objectives of our study were to determine relative abundance and species richness (number of species) in six major cover types and in the adjacent forest. One hundred twenty-one individuals of eight species were observed in 2004 and 2005 combined; the most common species was the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). One of the most important cover types to small mammals on the ROW was forb-grass, whereas the forest cover type tended to be less diverse in terms of number of mammal species than in cover types on the ROW.

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Transport and accumulation of heavy metals in undisturbed soil columns

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000469 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 187-194

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Kola Peninsula ◽

Forest Floor ◽

High Capacity ◽

Soil Columns ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Floor Layer

The podzolic soils of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, have in localised areas been highly contaminated with copper and nickel from smelting activities. Migration and retention of these metals were investigated in undisturbed soil columns irrigated with simulated background and polluted precipitation in order to study the temporal processes of retention and release within the soil. The mineral layers were strongly acidified by the contaminated precipitation. Forest floor layers demonstrated a high capacity to retain input Ni and Cu under all conditions. Mineral layers accumulated some Cu, but released Ni. In general, Ni leached through the soil faster than Cu. Since metals are strongly retained in the forest floor layer, even after reduction or cessation of inputs there may be a significant long–term risk of their leaching to deeper soil and groundwater. This risk cannot be ameliorated without remediative intervention.

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