scholarly journals Ultrasonic parameter measurement as a means of assessing the quality of biodiesel production

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaela M. Baêsso ◽  
Rodrigo P.B. Costa-Felix ◽  
Piero Miloro ◽  
Bajram Zeqiri
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Parameter Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Parameter

scholarly journals Effects of Feedstock and Catalyst Concentration on Biodiesel Production

2012 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Hajar Alias ◽  
Siti Aktar Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Soap Content ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Transesterification Method

In this study, production of biodiesel from new and used palm and soybean oils was carried out using a transesterification method. The effect of catalyst amount used towards the percentage yield, soap content and heat of combustion of the biodiesel produced was investigated. The soap content and heat combustion of the biodiesel were determined using titration (AOCS Cc-95) and heat calorimeter bomb (ASTM D240-09), respectively. The results showed that catalyst concentration of 0.5 w/w% gave the best result in terms of yield of biodiesel produced from both palm and soybean oils. However, the quality of biodiesel (i.e. soap content and heat of combustion) produced from palm and soybean oils behaved differently towards catalyst concentration. Overall, both oils (palm and soybean), either new or used oil apparently showed no significant difference in term of yield or qualities of biodiesel produced. This indicates that the used oil has high potential as an economical and practical future source of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Montenegro R. ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Martha C. Henao T.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Composition

This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.

scholarly journals Pencucian biodiesel dengan metode kontak gelembung

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Yoel Pasae ◽  
John Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Purity Level ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Washing Method ◽  
Total Glycerol

Until today, the conversion of palm oil and recovery of glycerol as a byproduct have been extensively investigated. The purity level of product from the washing process in the biodiesel production technology heavily influences the quality of the biodiesel product. Therefore, this research is aimed at identifying the biodiesel washing process technology which is able to produce biodiesel according to standards for diesel engine application. The washing process employed in this research is the bubble method, which utilizes air bubbles injected from the bottom as a carrier form water molecules to the top layer of the contactor (the biodiesel phase) which contains glycerol, soap, and residual methanol. This bubble method enables the contact between water molecules and glycerol in the biodiesel phase, when the bubbles are swept to the fluid surface, without any external agitation. Experimental results indicate that with a three-stage washing process, the total glycerol content in the biodiesel can be reduced to approach the technical standards for combustion in diesel engines, or the Biodiesel Tentative Standards stipulated by the Indonesian Biodiesel Forum.Keywords: Bubble washing method, biodiesel AbstrakSampai dewasa ini proses konversi reaksi minyak kelapa sawit dan recovery gliserol sebagai hasil samping telah banyak diteliti. Tingkat kemurnian hasil dari tahapan proses pencucian dalam teknologi produksi biodiesel sangat menentukan kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknologi proses pencucian biodiesel sehingga diperoleh biodiesel yang memenuhi standar untuk penggunaan pada mesin-mesin diesel. Proses pencucian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode gelembung, yang memanfaatkan gelembung udara yang dinjeksikan dari bagian bawah kolom (bottom) sebagai carrier (pembawa) molekul air ke bagian atas (fasa biodiesel) yang mengandung gliserol, sabun dan sisa metanol. Dengan metode gelembung ini, akan memungkinkan molekul air berkontakan dengan gliserol pada fasa biodiesel, saat terbawa ke permukaan fluida, tanpa dilakukan pengadukan eksternal. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan sistim pencucian tiga tahap, kadar gliserol total dalam biodiesel dapat diturunkan hingga mendekati standar untuk pembakaran pada mesin diesel atau Standar Tentatif Biodiesel dari Forum Biodiesel Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Metode Pencucian Gelembung, Biodiesel.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Spent Coffee Grounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Blinová ◽  
Alica Bartošová ◽  
Maroš Sirotiak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Drying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Oil

Abstract The residue after brewing the spent coffee grounds is an oil-containing waste material having a potential of being used as biodiesel feedstock. Biodiesel production from the waste coffee grounds oil involves collection and transportation of coffee residue, drying, oil extraction, and finally production of biodiesel. Different methods of oil extraction with organic solvents under different conditions show significant differences in the extraction yields. In the manufacturing of biodiesel from coffee oil, the level of reaction completion strongly depends on the quality of the feedstock oil. This paper presents an overview of oil extraction and a method of biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds.

scholarly journals Air drying of macauba fruits: maintaining oil quality for biodiesel production

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gutierres Nelson Silva ◽  
José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
Marcela Silva Carvalho ◽  
Kacilda Naomi Kuki ◽  
Samuel de Melo Goulart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Low Levels

Macauba fruits are oil-rich drupes with high moisture content at harvest. This feature can affect the chemical properties of the oil and increase the costs of biodiesel production. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt postharvest strategies to ensure oil quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of drying macauba fruit on the quality of the pulp oil. Husked and dehusked fruits were dried at 60°C and then stored. At 0, 15, 45, 100, and 180 days after storage, fruit samples were retrieved, and the oil from the pulp was evaluated for physicochemical parameters. The removal of the husk from the fruits considerably reduced the drying time compared to that of the husked fruits. Drying prevented deterioration of the fruit even after 180 days of storage, regardless of the presence of the husk. The drying process allowed for efficient storage of the macauba fruit while maintaining low levels of oil acidity. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of the pulp oil from the dehusked dried fruits lasted longer than that from the husked dried fruits. Therefore, drying is a viable alternative for the postharvest of macauba fruits to maintain the quality of the oil for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils by Potassium Methoxide Supported on Activated Carbon Catalysts from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Darwin ◽  
Atmadian Pratama ◽  
Mardhotillah
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Properties ◽  
Potassium Methoxide ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Carbon Catalysts ◽  
Engine Life

Abstract Various carbon-rich solid catalysts are evaluated for the synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil. The study results showed that the use of activated carbon made of corn stalk could increase the biodiesel yield by 7%. The heterogeneous carbon-based catalysts made of lignocellulosic residues could successfully improve the quality of biodiesel properties. The results obtained revealed that the biodiesel properties, including relative density (852–900 kg·m−3) and kinematic viscosity (2.4–3.9 mm2·s−1), are in compliance with the standard limits of ASTM and the European Biodiesel Standard, suggesting that the biodiesel produced would be decent as a diesel fuel that potentially can minimize the serious damage of engine parts, and prolong the engine life.

scholarly journals OBTENÇÃO DO BIODIESEL METÍLICO ATRAVÉS DA TRANSESTERIFICAÇÃO VIA CATÁLISE BÁSICA DO ÓLEO DE COCO-DA-BAÍA (Cocos nucifera L)

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Valter Ortiz Lace ◽  
Isabel Matos Fraga ◽  
José Ricardo Castrillon Fernandez ◽  
Cláudia Roberta Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Alkaline Catalysis

This study aimed to the methyl biodiesel production by transesterification reaction via alkaline catalysis, using as a raw material alternative to soybean oil commonly used, coco-da-baía oil (Cocos nucifera L). The biodiesel was characterized as to its acidity, density, humidity, ester content, flash point, glycerol (free, total, mono-, di- and triglycerides) and maximum percentage of methanol. The oil used was characterized by acid value, saponification number, fatty acids, density and humidity. Through these results, we verified the quality of the obtained biofuel.

scholarly journals Alkali-catalyzed Transesterification of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) Seed Oil for Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Eman H. Ahmed ◽  
Azhari H. Nour ◽  
Omer A. Omer Ishag ◽  
Abdurahman H. Nour
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Proper Size ◽  
Oil Density ◽  
Astm D6751

The need of energy never comes to an end so; the challenge is to procure power source sufficient to offer for our energy needs. Besides, this energy source must be dependable, renewable, recurring and non-contributing to climate change. Aims: This study was aimed to produce biodiesel from Roselle seed oil and to investigate its quality.  Methodology: The Roselle seeds were clean from dirt, milled to proper size and the oil was extracted using soxhlet with n-hexane as solvent. The extracted oil was subjected to physiochemical analysis tests and then transesterified using methanol and potassium hydroxide as catalyst; with ratio of oil to alcohol 1:8 at 65°C. The quality of produced biodiesel was investigated and compared to international standards. The fatty acid composition of the produced biodiesel was determined by GC-MS. Results: Based on the experimental results, the yellow with characteristic odor oil was obtained from the seeds had the following physicochemical properties: yield, 12.65%; refractive index (25°C), 1.467 m ; free fatty acids, 5.5%; saponification value, 252 mg KOH/g of oil; density, 0.915 g/mL and ester value, 241 mgKOH/g. Also the biodiesel yield achieved was 96%, with density, 0.80 g/mL; API, 44.63; Kinematics viscosity @ 40˚C, 0.742; Pour point, < -51˚C; and Micro Carbon Residual (MCR), 0.65%; which conformed to the range of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standard specifications. However, the GC-MS analysis result revealed that the biodiesel produced was methyl ester and free other undesired products such as linoleic acid (33%), elaidic acid (29%) and palmitic acid (17%) and other biomolecules. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, Roselle seed oil had potential for biodiesel production due to its high contains of free fatty acids. Therefore, in the future, more investigations in alcohol: oil ratio and the concentration of catalyst may be warranted to increase the yield much more.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis of vegetable oils: State of art

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Miladinovic ◽  
Ivana Lukic ◽  
Olivera Stamenkovic ◽  
Vlada Veljkovic ◽  
Dejan Skala
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Heterogeneous Base ◽  
Near Future ◽  
State Of Art

Today, homogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis is most frequently used method for industrial biodiesel production. High requirements for the quality of feedstocks and the problems related to a huge amount of wastewaters have led to the development of novel biodiesel production technologies. Among them, the most important is heterogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis, which has been intensively investigated in the last decade in order to develop new catalytic systems, to optimize the reaction conditions and to recycle catalysts. These studies are a base for developing continuous biodiesel production on industrial scale in near future. The present work summarizes up-to-date studies on biodiesel production by heterogeneous base-catalyzed methanolysis. The main goals were to point out the application of different base compounds as catalysts, the methods of catalyst preparation, impregnation on carriers and recycling as well as the possibilities to improve existing base-catalyzed biodiesel production processes and to develop novel ones.

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