Numerical investigation on the combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia in a low-speed two-stroke marine engine

This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.

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Experimental and numerical investigation on pressure characteristics of the dual-valve controlled fuel system for low-speed diesel engines

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 294 ◽

pp. 120501

Author(s):

Qi Lan ◽

Liyun Fan ◽

Yun Bai ◽

Yuanqi Gu ◽

Liming Wen

Keyword(s):

Numerical Investigation ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Fuel System ◽

Low Speed ◽

Pressure Characteristics

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Numerical Investigation of the Solidity Effect on Linear Compressor Cascades

Volume 2A: Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/gt2014-25532 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Sans ◽

M. Resmini ◽

J.-F. Brouckaert ◽

S. Hiernaux

Keyword(s):

Numerical Investigation ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Leading Edge ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Compressor Cascade ◽

Minimum Loss ◽

Low Speed ◽

High Mach ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

Solidity in compressors is defined as the ratio of the aerodynamic chord over the peripheral distance between two adjacent blades, the pitch. This parameter is simply the inverse of the pitch-to-chord ratio generally used in turbines. Solidity must be selected at the earliest design phase, i.e. at the level of the meridional design and represents a crucial step in the whole design process. Most of the existing studies on this topic rely on low-speed compressor cascade correlations from Carter or Lieblein. The aim of this work is to update those correlations for state-of-the-art controlled diffusion blades, and extend their application to high Mach number flow regimes more typical of modern compressors. Another objective is also to improve the physical understanding of the solidity effect on compressor performance and stability. A numerical investigation has been performed using the commercial software FINE/Turbo. Two different blade profiles were selected and investigated in the compressible flow regime as an extension to the low-speed data on which the correlations are based. The first cascade uses a standard double circular arc profile, extensively referenced in the literature, while the second configuration uses a state-of-the-art CDB, representative of low pressure compressor stator mid-span profile. Both profiles have been designed with the same inlet and outlet metal angles and the same maximum thickness but the camber and thickness distributions, the stagger angle and the leading edge geometry of the CDB have been optimized. The determination of minimum loss, optimum incidence and deviation is addressed and compared with existing correlations for both configurations and various Mach numbers that have been selected in order to match typical booster stall and choke operating conditions. The emphasis is set on the minimum loss performance at mid-span. The impact of the solidity on the operating range and the stability of the cascade are also studied.

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A Numerical Investigation on Mixing Characteristics of Natural Gas Jets With High-Pressure Injection

10.1115/icef2021-67717 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Long Liu ◽

Tianyang Dai ◽

Qian Xiong ◽

Yuehua Qian ◽

Bo Liu

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Air Entrainment ◽

Gas Jet ◽

Swirl Ratio ◽

Marine Engine ◽

Low Speed ◽

Pressure Injection ◽

Mixing Characteristics ◽

High Pressure Injection

Abstract With increasingly stringent emissions limitation of greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants for ship, the direct injection of natural gas on the cylinder head with high-pressure injection is an effective method to make a high power output and decrease harmful gas emissions in marine natural gas dual fuel engines. However, the effects on mixing characteristics of high-pressure natural gas underexpanded jet have not been fully understood. Especially, the injection pressure is up to 30 MPa with large injection quantity and critical surrounding gas conditions for the low-speed two-stroke marine engine. Therefore, this research is focused on the flow and mixing process of the natural gas jet with high-pressure injection under the in-cylinder conditions of low-speed two-stroke marine engine. The gas jet penetration, the distribution of velocity and density, the equivalence ratio and air entrainment have been analyzed under different nozzle hole diameters by numerical simulation. The effects of surrounding gas conditions including pressure, temperature and swirl ratio on air entrainment and equivalence ratio distribution were studied in detail. From the numerical simulation, it is found that the mixing characteristics of natural gas jet can be improved under in-cylinder conditions of higher ambient temperature and swirl ratio, which is relevant to the low-speed two-stroke marine engine.

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Effects of the Multiple Injection Strategy on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Two-Stroke Marine Engine

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14206821 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6821

Author(s):

Ju-Hwan Seol ◽

Van Chien Pham ◽

Won-Ju Lee

Keyword(s):

Single Injection ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Multiple Injection ◽

Injection Strategy ◽

Marine Engine ◽

Injection Mode ◽

Double Injection ◽

Simulation Results

This paper presents research on the effects of the multiple injection strategies on the combustion and emission characteristics of a two-stroke heavy-duty marine engine at full load. The ANSYS FLUENT simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both single- and double-injection modes to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s sea-trial technical reports. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 6.42% and 12.76%, while NO and soot emissions were reduced up to 24.16% and 68%, respectively, in the double-injection mode in comparison with the single-injection mode. However, the double-injection strategy increased the CO2 emission (7.58%) and ISFOC (23.55%) compared to the single-injection. These are negative effects of the double-injection strategy on the engine that the operators need to take into consideration. The results were in line with the literature reviews and would be good material for operators who want to reduce the engine exhaust gas emission in order to meet the stricter IMO emission regulations.

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