The chemical compositions and carbon structures of pine sawdust- and wheat straw-derived biochars produced in air-limitation, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen atmospheres, and their variation with charring temperature

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122852
Author(s):  
Shuhan Yu ◽  
Liang Wu ◽  
Jinzhi Ni ◽  
Huiying Zhang ◽  
Ran Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Carbon Structures

scholarly journals Digitally Patterned Mesoporous Carbon Nanostructures of Colorless Polyimide for Transparent and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Hyeonwoo Kim ◽  
Suwon Hwang ◽  
Taeseung Hwang ◽  
Jung Bin In ◽  
Junyeob Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Carbon Structure ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Mechanical Bending ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
High Flexibility

Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a flexible and transparent micro-supercapacitor (MSC), using colorless polyimide (CPI) via a direct laser writing carbonization (DLWC) process. The focused laser beam directly carbonizes the CPI substrate and generates a porous carbon structure on the surface of the CPI substrate. Fluorine, which is one of the chemical compositions of CPI, can enhance the specific area and the conductivity of the carbon electrode by creating micropores in carbon structures during carbonization. Thus, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows enhanced specific capacitance (1.20 mF at 10 mV s−1) and better transmittance (44.9%) compared to the conventional PI-based MSC. Additionally, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows excellent cyclic performance with minimal reduction (<~10%) in 3000 cycles and high capacitance retention under mechanical bending test conditions. Due to its high flexibility, transparency, and capacitance, we expect that carbonized CPI-based MSC can be further applied to various flexible and transparent applications.

Comparative analysis of sorptive, textural, strength properties and chemical composition of commercial medical CO2 sorbents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
V. S. Derevshchikov ◽  
E. D. Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Textural Characteristics ◽  
Protection Time ◽  
Attrition Resistance

Physicochemical properties of commercial medical CO2 sorbents Amsorb Plus, Draeger 800, Draeger free, Loflosorb, Sodasorb, Sofnolime, Spherasorb, Ventisorb, as well as of the Russian adsorbent HPI were studied to determine the chemical compositions, textural characteristics, effective protection time with respect to CO2; crushing and attrition resistance of granular sorbents were measured using the SHELL SMS-1471 and ASTM D 4058 96 procedures. The best performance (a high CO2 capacitance, strength) was observed with Draeger 800. The obtained data on operating properties of commercial sorbents and recommendations can be useful for medicine, rescue works, as well as for scientific and production activities when cleaning air mixtures from carbon dioxide is necessary.

The lignin pyrolysis composition and pyrolysis products of palm kernel shell, wheat straw, and pine sawdust

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhang Chang ◽  
Yanqin Huang ◽  
Jianjun Xie ◽  
Huikai Yang ◽  
Huacai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation strategies for the biorefining of pine sawdust

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7474-7491
Author(s):  
Carolina Mónica Mendieta ◽  
Fernando Esteban Felissia ◽  
Ana María Arismendy ◽  
Julia Kruyeniski ◽  
María Cristina Area
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

This work aims to evaluate second-generation bioethanol production from the soda-ethanol pulp of pine sawdust via two strategies: separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. A kinetics study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of separate hydrolysis and fermentation was included as a design tool. Three soda-ethanol pulps (with different chemical compositions), Cellic® Ctec2 cellulolytic enzymes, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IMR 1181 (SC 1181) yeast were employed. The obtained kinetic parameters were as follows: an apparent constant (k) of 11.4 h-1, which represents the link frequency between cellulose and cellulase; a Michaelis-Menten apparent constant (KM) of 23.5 gL-1, that indicates the cellulose/cellulase affinity; and the apparent constant of inhibition between cellulose-glucose and cellulase (KI), which was 2.9 gL-1, 3.1 gL-1, and 6.6 gL-1 for pulps 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The kinetic model was applicable, since the calculated glucose values fit the experimental values. High bioethanol yields were obtained for pulp 3 in the separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes (89.3% and 100% after 13 h and 72 h, respectively).

scholarly journals Manufacturing technologies of steel seamless tubes for production of hard-to-recover hydrocarbons

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 866-875
Author(s):  
A. G. Shiryaev ◽  
S. G. Chetverikov ◽  
S. G. Chikalov ◽  
I. Yu. Pyshmintsev ◽  
P. V. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pipe Plant ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
High Hardenability ◽  
Technical Requirements

The review contains main directions in the development of modern steelmaking, hot rolling technologies and heat treatment aimed to follow increased requirements to seamless tubes for production of oil and gas under severe conditions. New targets of PJSC “Gazprom” in development of new resources have determined new technical requirements to pipes for low temperature application, resistant to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion. Basic metal science approaches are given to develop new chemical compositions of high quality steels containing minimum of sulfur, phosphorous and solute gases. Corresponding heat treatment routes are determined for formation of martensitic microstructure in full wall section during quenching with subsequent high tempering for required combination of high strength and ductility. It was shown that optimal combination of high strength and toughness at 60 °C below zero can be achieved by alloying of chromium-molybdenum steel containing about 0.25 wt. % of carbon with strong carbon forming elements such as vanadium and niobium. Sustainability of these steels to stress sulfide cracking was achieved through grain refinement with microalloying by molybdenum in concentrations corresponding to strength grades that gives high hardenability and retards tempering of martensite. New compositions of corrosion resistant martensitic 13 % chromium steel were carried out that was resulted in required resistance to carbon dioxide environments with improved low temperature toughness and high strength. The authors present results of reconstruction of steel making and hot rolling production lines at JSC “Volzhskii Pipe Plant” providing the required quality of new products from continuously cast steel billets to finished tubes.

Influence of the Chemical Compositions of Bismuth Oxyiodides on the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate

ChemPlusChem ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qizhong Wang ◽  
Meng Ma ◽  
Shuaishuai Zhang ◽  
Kangkang Lu ◽  
Lijun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Compositions

Removal of silicon from green liquor with carbon dioxide in the chemical recovery process of wheat straw soda pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINXING XIA ◽  
MINGZHU DU ◽  
XIUJUAN GENG
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Green Liquor ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

Green liquor in the chemical recovery process of wheat straw pulping was treated with carbon dioxide to precipitate silicon by a one-step process and a seeding process to address problems caused by high silicon content. The total silicon removal, the particle size, and the sedimentation performance of silica were investigated. The results showed that the pH of green liquor decreased with increasing amounts of carbon dioxide, becoming stable after the pH decreased to 8.2. Reaction temperature had no significant effect on the removal of silicon. About 99% of silicon removal was achieved at a pH of 9.2 at room temperature. In the one-step process, the particle size increased and the silica sedimentation performance improved with decreasing pH. The particle size decreased and the sedimentation performance improved with increasing reaction temperature. At a pH of 9.5 and reaction temperature of 80°C, the particle size was 10.43 μm. In the seeding process, 40% green liquor was treated with carbon dioxide at 80°C until the pH was about 10.5, then the 40% treated green liquor was mixed with the remaining 60% of green liquor. The mixture was then treated with carbon dioxide at a reaction temperature of 80°C until the pH reached 9.5. In that situation, the particle size reached 14.11 μm. Compared with the one-step process, the particle size of silica generated by the seeding process was bigger and the sedimentation performance was improved.

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