Design and procurement of the Drying System for SPIDER beam source

Crop drying is essential for preservation in agricultural applications. It is performed either using fossil fuels in an artificial mechanical drying process or by placing the crop under the open sun. The first method is costly and has a negative impact on the environment, while the second method is totally dependent on the weather. The drying process requires a lot of energy in relation to the amount of water that must be evaporated from the product. It is estimated that 12% of the total energy used by the food industries and agriculture absorbed in this process. Due to the limitation of energy resources, it is important to keep researching and developing of diversification and optimization of energy This study aims to assess the use of energy for cocoa drying using solar energy dryer and bin-type dryer, as well as to determine the drying efficiency of each type of dryer. The results showed that the efficiency of the solar dryer drying system ranges between 36% to 46%, while the tub-type dryers between 21.7% to 33.1%. The specific energy of solar dryer ranged from 6.17-7.87 MJ / kg, while the tub-type dryers 8.58-13.63 MJ / kg. Dryer efficiency is influenced by the level of solar irradiation and the amount of drying load, the higher the irradiation received and more cocoa beans are dried, the drying efficiency is also higher and the specific energy further down.Proses pengeringan memerlukan banyak energi sehubungan dengan banyaknya air yang harus diuapkan dari bahan yang dikeringkan. Pengeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengering mekanis berbahan bakar fosil atau dengan menempatkan produk di bawah matahari terbuka. Metode pertama adalah mahal dan memiliki dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sedangkan metode kedua sangat tergantung pada cuaca. Diperkirakan bahwa 12% dari total energi yang dipergunakan oleh industri pangan dan pertanian diserap untuk proses ini. Mengingat semakin terbatasnya sumber energi bahan bakar minyak maka usaha diversifikasi dan optimasi energi untuk pengeringan perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan energi untuk pengeringan kakao dengan memakai pengering energi surya dan pengering tipe bak, serta untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengeringan dari masing-masing tipe pengering. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi total sistem pengeringan alat pengering surya berkisar antara 36% dan 46%, sedangkan pengering tipe bak antara 21.7% dan 33.1%. Kebutuhan energi spesifik alat pengering surya berkisar antara 6.17-7.87 MJ/kg, sedangkan alat pengering tipe bak 8.58-13.63 MJ/kg. Efisiensi alat pengering dipengaruhi oleh tingkat iradiasi surya dan jumlah beban pengeringan, semakin tinggi iradiasi yang diterima pengering serta semakin banyak biji kakao yang dikeringkan, maka efisiensi pengeringan juga semakin tinggi dan kebutuhan energi spesifik semakin turun.Keywords: energy, efficiency, cocoa, solar dryer, bin-type dryer.

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The CNESM neutron imaging diagnostic for SPIDER beam source

Fusion Engineering and Design ◽

10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 660-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Croci ◽

A. Muraro ◽

E. Perelli Cippo ◽

G. Grosso ◽

R. Pasqualotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutron Imaging ◽

Beam Source

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Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Conductive Drying of Phosphate Washing Waste Clay

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11050482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 482

Author(s):

Fatiha Berroug ◽

Yassir Bellaziz ◽

Naaila Ouazzani ◽

Fatima Ait Nouh ◽

Abdessamad Hejjaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scale Up ◽

Free Water ◽

Moisture Diffusivity ◽

Sample Thickness ◽

Total Production ◽

Drying Process ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Numerical Investigations ◽

The World ◽

Drying System

Morocco is the leading producer of phosphate and its derivatives in the world with a total production of 35 Mt. However, the extraction and the valorization of this mine generate huge quantities of phosphate washing waste clay (PHWWC) that constitute a main environmental and economic concern. To facilitate this waste clay storage and handling, it is necessary to decrease its moisture content that represents 80% of PHWWC. The present paper is devoted to studying the conductive drying of PHWWC. Drying experiments were conducted in a laboratory pilot. Afterwards, the experiment results were implemented in a one-dimensional numerical model of heat and mass transfer in a porous media to identify the drying parameters and performances. It was found that most of the water contained in PHWWC is free water that is removed with a constant drying rate. The volume reduction with a marked cracks phenomenon attained 65% without any significant effect of drying temperature and sample thickness. The effective moisture diffusivity of the PHWWC for a conductive drying process is ranged between 10−9 and 1.1 × 10−8 m2·s−1. The thermal efficiency of the drying system is up to 86%. The results could be used for the purpose of design and scale-up of the industrial dryer based on laboratory-scale experiments.

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CFD investigation of a combined biomass furnace and solar drying system for paver blocks

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1109/1/012057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1109 (1) ◽

pp. 012057

Author(s):

A H Atienza ◽

L A Adorador ◽

J A Hernandez ◽

F J Vinagrera

Keyword(s):

Solar Drying ◽

Drying System

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Study on the Variable-Temperature Drying Process of Corn Drying in an Industrial Corn-Drying System Equipped with a Self-Adaptive Control Heat Exchanger

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11062772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 2772

Author(s):

Bin Li ◽

Zhiheng Zeng ◽

Xuefeng Zhang ◽

Ye Zhang

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Control ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Heat Loss ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Variable Temperature ◽

The Other ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Kinetic ◽

Drying System ◽

Self Adaptive

To realize energy-saving and efficient industrial grain drying, the present work studied the variable-temperature drying process of corn drying in a novel industrial corn-drying system with a heat recycling and self-adaptive control function. The drying kinetics, thermal performance, heat-loss characteristics and the heat-recycling performance of the drying system under different allocations between flue gas and hot air were investigated, and the optimized drying process was proposed and compared with two constant drying processes. The results showed that the optimized drying process exhibited better drying kinetic and thermal performance than the two constant drying processes. More specifically, the total heat loss, total energy consumption and specific energy consumption of the optimized drying process were ascertained to be 36,132.85 MJ, 48,803.99 MJ and 7290.27 kJ/kg, respectively, which were lower than those of the other two processes. On the other hand, the thermal efficiency of the drying chamber for the optimized drying process was ascertained to be varied within the range of 6.81–41.71%. Overall, the validation results showed that the optimized drying process can significantly improve the drying performance of the drying system.

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