Soluble salts at the Phoenix Lander site, Mars: A reanalysis of the Wet Chemistry Laboratory data

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 142-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Toner ◽  
D.C. Catling ◽  
B. Light
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
The Phoenix

A Punched-Card System for the Laboratory

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Radin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Test Card ◽  
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Original Laboratory ◽  
Numerical Order ◽  
Card System ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Laboratory Record

Abstract A punched-card system was developed to simplify the administrative aspects of the clinical chemistry laboratory. In it a three-part requisition and samples are matched and given a laboratory number. The third copy of the original laboratory requsition is a charge card also used as a name file for the day. Prepunched cards, coded for laboratory tests, are used for each test requested. The laboratory number is stamped and punched on each test card. All test cards are then sorted into laboratory test groups, after which the laboratory data and results are recorded on them. Cards are then sorted for laboratory number and rematched with the original laboratory requisitions, which remained in numerical order. Results are then copied directly onto the requisitions. The system is more efficient, less susceptible to error, and simpler than other laboratory record systems.

Measurements of Oxychlorine species on Mars

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sutter ◽  
R. C. Quinn ◽  
P. D. Archer ◽  
D. P. Glavin ◽  
T. D. Glotch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Gale Crater ◽  
Recurring Slope Lineae ◽  
Robotic Missions ◽  
Spectrometer Data ◽  
The Phoenix

AbstractMars landed and orbiter missions have instrumentation capable of detecting oxychlorine phases (e.g. perchlorate, chlorate) on the surface. Perchlorate (~0.6 wt%) was first detected by the Wet Chemistry Laboratory in the surface material at the Phoenix Mars Landing site. Subsequent analyses by the Thermal Evolved Gas Analyser aboard the same lander detected an oxygen release (~465°C) consistent with the thermal decomposition of perchlorate. Recent thermal analysis by the Mars Science Laboratory's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument has also indicated the presence of oxychlorine phases (up to 1.2 wt%) in Gale Crater materials. Despite being at detectable concentrations, the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffractometer has not detected oxychlorine phases. This suggests that Gale Crater oxychlorine may exist as poorly crystalline phases or that perchlorate/chlorate mixtures exist, so that individual oxychlorine concentrations are below CheMin detection limits (~1 wt%). Although not initially designed to detect oxychlorine phases, reinterpretation of Viking Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer data also suggest that oxychlorine phases are present in the Viking surface materials. Remote near-infrared spectral analyses by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument indicate that at least some martian recurring slope lineae (RSL) have spectral signatures consistent with the presence of hydrated perchlorates or chlorates during the seasons when RSL are most extensive. Despite the thermal emission spectrometer, Thermal Emission Imaging System, Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité and CRISM detection of hundreds of anhydrous chloride (~10–25 vol%) deposits, expected associated oxychlorine phases (>5–10 vol%) have not been detected. Total Cl and oxychlorine data sets from the Phoenix Lander and the Mars Science Laboratory missions could be used to develop oxychlorine versus total Cl correlations, which may constrain oxychlorine concentrations at other locations on Mars by using total Cl determined by other missions (e.g. Viking, Pathfinder, MER and Odyssey). Development of microfluidic or ‘lab-on-a-chip’ instrumentation has the potential to be the next generation analytical capability used to identify and quantify individual oxychlorine species on future landed robotic missions to Mars.

scholarly journals Laboratory Data Processing Using an IBM 360/40

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
J. C. Crawhall
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Multichannel Analyser ◽  
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory

An off-line data processing system for a clinical chemistry laboratory serving a 1000-bedded teaching hospital is described. This system is based upon an IBM 360/40 computer and an SMA 12/60 multichannel analyser which is coupled through a Technilogger II to an automatic keypunch. This covers 30% of all the tests: data for other AutoAnalyzers has to be punched on to separate cards manually along with the patient identification. Data are matched with patient requisitions which have already been keypunched and entered into the computer. Advantages include reduction of manual transcription of data, the automatic production of two ward reports a day and a cumulative patient report daily and weekly, and automatic quality control programs. A permanent record is kept on magnetic tape.

A System for Computer Analysis of Kinetic Enzyme Data from a Modified Beckman DSA-560

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 775-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Richard Pearson ◽  
Edward R Pinfield ◽  
Daniel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
On Line ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Procedures

Abstract We define the following criteria for enzyme assays as being beyond compromise: narrow bandpass double-beam spectrophotometer, multiple readings on the sample (kinetic procedure), temperature control of assay reaction mixture to ±0.1°C, wash-out between samples less than 1% of the preceding sample, and sample size of 100 µl or less. In addition, the following specifications for a system were considered desirable: automatic handling of the sample from initial pipetting through readout, adequate computer compatibility, versatility so that new procedures and different methods could be used, relatively short set-up time, and hard-copy backup in the event the computer failed. We have developed a system for enzyme assays that meets all of the above criteria. It consists of an analyzer (Beckman DSA-560) coupled to two modified Eskalab Spectrophotometers Alpha. The system is controlled via a special-purpose hybrid computer designed and built in our laboratory. Data from the system is analyzed on-line by an IBM 1800 computer. Details of the operation and reliability of the system in a routine clinical chemistry laboratory are discussed.

Soil-Carbonate Genesis in the Pinacate Volcanic Field, Northwestern Sonora, Mexico

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-Part1) ◽  
pp. 400-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Slate ◽  
William B. Bull ◽  
Teh-Lung Ku ◽  
Muhammad Shafiqullah ◽  
Daniel J. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Pedogenic Carbonate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eolian Deposits

AbstractUranium-series methods were used to date and evaluate pedogenic CaCO3 genesis in the Pinacate volcanic field, northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Soils are developed in eolian deposits on lava flows. 230Th/234U dates of pedogenic carbonate are mininum soil ages because of (1) the time needed to yield clasts from flows and to accrete enough carbonate to sample, (2) subsequent additions of uranium, and (3) continued solution and reprecipitation of carbonate rinds. K-Ar dates of basalt flows are maximum soil ages. Maximum and minimum rates of CaCO3 accumulation are calculated from the Th/U dates and K-Ar dates, respectively. The mean maximum rate is 0.13 g CaCO3/cm2/1000 yr and the mean minimum rate is 0.05 g CaCO3/cm2/1000 yr. Least-squares regressions of pedogenic carbonate and clay content and of Th/U ages against K-Ar ages suggest additions to soils from atmospheric sources throughout the late Quaternary. Morphology of pedogenic carbonate and laboratory data for soluble salts indicate that the climate of the Pinacate has not changed significantly during the past 150,000 yr. Soil variability is influenced by proximity of the eolian source. Near the periphery of the Pinacate, carbonate and clay are evenly distributed throughout soil profiles. Within the volcanic field, carbonate and clay are concentrated in soil horizons, suggesting that additions from atmospheric sources are slow enough to allow translocation.

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