Rainfed agriculture and firewood extraction modify differently the taxonomic and functional structure of biocrusts in a tropical semiarid region

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 115459
Author(s):  
Jessica Sosa-Quintero ◽  
Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde ◽  
María de los Ángeles Herrera-Campos ◽  
Héctor Godínez-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Structure ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture

Assessment of the JULES model surface soil moisture using in-situ observations over the Brazilian North East semiarid region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zeri ◽  
Karina Williams ◽  
Eleanor Blyth ◽  
Ana Paula Cunha ◽  
Toby Marthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
North East

<p>Monitoring of soil water is essential to assess drought risk over rainfed agriculture. Soil water indicates the onset or progress of dry spells, the start of the rainy season and good periods for sowing or harvesting. Monitoring soil water over rainfed agriculture can be a valuable tool to support field activities and the knowledge of climate risks.</p><p>A network of soil moisture sensors was established over the Brazilian North East semiarid region in 2015 with measurements at 10 and 20 cm, together with rainfall and other variables in a subset of locations. The data are currently being used to assess the available water over the region in monthly bulletins and reports of potential impacts on yields.</p><p>In this work, we present a comparison of a dataset of observations from 2015 to 2019 with the soil water estimated by the JULES land surface model (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator). Overall, the model captures the spatial and temporal variability observed in the measured data well, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.6 across the domain. The performance was compared for each station, resulting in a selection of locations with significant correlation.</p><p>Based on the regression results, we derive modelled soil moisture for the time span of the JULES run (1979 to 2016). The modeled data enabled the calculation of a standardized soil moisture anomaly (SSMA). The values of SSMA in the period were in agreement with the patterns of drought in the region, especially the recent long-term drought in the Brazilian semiarid region, with significant dry years in 2012, 2013 and 2015. Further analysis will focus on comparisons with other drought indices and measures of impacts on yields at the municipality level.</p>

scholarly journals A watershed approach to managing rainfed agriculture in the semiarid region of southern Mali: integrated research on water and land use

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2459-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu ◽  
Kalifa Traoré ◽  
Murali Krishna Gumma ◽  
Félix Badolo ◽  
Ramadjita Tabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Watershed Approach

ДОМИНАНТНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СТРУКТУРА ИДИОСТИЛЯ М.Ф. ДОРОНОВИЧА// Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Sciences Journal/ OEAPS Inc., Berlin, Germany, pp.46-55

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Dorofeeva ◽  
Любовь Викторовна Чернова
Keyword(s):  
Functional Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Definition Of

Обращаясь к рассмотрению вопроса о доминантно-функциональной структуреидиостиля, авторы раскрывают дефиницию «идиостиль» в его связи с экстра- и интралингвистическими факторами. Рассматривая творчество публициста М.Ф. Дороновича через призму одножанровых текстов, авторы выделяют доминанты, составляющие ядро идиостиля публициста. К числу таковых относятся оценочная метафоричность, гиперболичность, фразеологичность, реализующиеся как на уровне тропов, так и на уровне синтаксических фигур.Addressing the issue of dominant-functional structure of idiostyle, the authors reveal the definition of "idiostyle" in its connection with extra- and intralinguistic factors. Considering the creativity of the writer M.F. Doronovich through the lens of various genres of texts, the authors identify the dominant components of the core of the idiostyle of the writer. These include evaluative metaphoricity, hyperbolicity, phraseology, which are implemented both at the level of tropes and at the level of syntactic figures.СВЕДЕНИЯ О ГРАНТАХ И ФИНАНСИРОВАНИИИсследование подготовлено при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (отделение гуманитарных и общественных наук) и Министерства образования, науки и молодёжной политики Краснодарского края в рамках научного проекта № 18-412-230008 а(р) «Язык и стиль публикаций М.Ф. Дороновича в кубанских дореволюционных газетах». Руководитель проекта – О.А. Дорофеева.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE MOBILE ROBOT’S POSITIONING ON LARGE FERROMAGNETIC SURFACES BASED ON INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES. AUTOMATION OF THE MONITORING AND CONTROL PROCESSES OF MOBILE ROBOT FOR PROCESSING OF LARGE INCLINED SURFACES

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Yan Guojun ◽  
Oleksiy Kozlov ◽  
Oleksandr Gerasin ◽  
Galyna Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Computerized Monitoring ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tracked Mobile Robot

The article renders the special features of the design of a tracked mobile robot (MR) for moving over inclined ferromagnetic surfaces while performing specified technological operations. There is conducted a synthesis of the functional structure and selective technological parameters (such as control coordinates) of the computerized monitoring and control system (CMCS) intended for use with this MR. Application of the CMCS with the proposed functional structure allows substantially increasing the accuracy of the MR monitoring and control, which in turn provides for a considerable enhancement in the quality and economic efficiency of the operations on processing of large ferromagnetic surfaces.

Insecticidal Active Rotenoids from Plant Parts and Callus Culture of Medicago sativa L. from a Semiarid Region of India (Rajasthan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Sharad Vats ◽  
Preeti Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Background: Vector-borne diseases are quite prevalent globally and are one of the major causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. There is an availability of synthetic insecticides, however, their excessive and indiscriminate use have resulted in the emergence of resistant varieties of insects. Thus, a search for novel biopesticide has become inevitable. Methods: Rotenoids were isolated and identified from different parts of Medicago sativa L. This group of metabolites was also identified in the callus culture, and the rotenoid content was monitored during subculturing for a period of 10 months. Enhancement of the rotenoid content was evaluated by feeding precursors in a tissue culture medium. Results: Four rotenoids (elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and Dehydrorotenone) were identified, which were confirmed using spectral and chromatographic techniques. The maximum rotenoid content was found in the seeds (0.33±0.01%), followed by roots (0.31±0.01%) and minimum in the aerial parts (0.20±0.05%). A gradual decrease in the rotenoid content was observed with the ageing of subcultured tissue maintained for 10 months. The production of rotenoids was enhanced up to 2 folds in the callus culture using amino acids, Phenylalanine and Methionine as precursors as compared to the control. The LC50 value of the rotenoids was found to be 91 ppm and 162 ppm against disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis, respectively. Conclusion: The study projects M. sativa as a novel source of biopesticide against the disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis. The use of precursors to enhance the rotenoid content in vitro can be an effective venture from a commercial point of view.

scholarly journals Agroforestry Systems of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley: Land Use for Biocultural Diversity Conservation

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Mariana Vallejo ◽  
M. Isabel Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes-González ◽  
Jairo López-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Casas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Human Settlements

The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico, is the semiarid region with the richest biodiversity of North America and was recently recognized as a UNESCO's World Heritage site. Original agricultural practices remain to this day in agroforestry systems (AFS), which are expressions of high biocultural diversity. However, local people and researchers perceive a progressive decline both in natural ecosystems and AFS. To assess changes in location and extent of agricultural land use, we carried out a visual interpretation of very-high resolution imagery and field work, through which we identified AFS and conventional agricultural systems (CAS) from 1995 to 2003 and 2012. We analyzed five communities, representative of three main ecological and agricultural zones of the region. We assessed agricultural land use changes in relation to conspicuous landscape features (relief, rivers, roads, and human settlements). We found that natural ecosystems cover more than 85% of the territory in each community, and AFS represent 51% of all agricultural land. Establishment and permanence of agricultural lands were strongly influenced by gentle slopes and the existence of roads. Contrary to what we expected, we recorded agricultural areas being abandoned, thus favoring the regeneration of natural ecosystems, as well as a 9% increase of AFS over CAS. Agriculture is concentrated near human settlements. Most of the studied territories are meant to preserve natural ecosystems, and traditional AFS practices are being recovered for biocultural conservation.

Corrigendum to: Conservation agriculture effects on soil properties and crop productivity in a semiarid region of India

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Somasundaram ◽  
M. Salikram ◽  
N. K. Sinha ◽  
M. Mohanty ◽  
R. S. Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residue Retention

Conservation agriculture (CA) including reduced or no-tillage and crop residue retention, is known to be a self–sustainable system as well as an alternative to residue burning. The present study evaluated the effect of reduced tillage coupled with residue retention under different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields in a Vertisol of a semiarid region of central India. Two tillage systems – conventional tillage (CT) with residue removed, and reduced tillage (RT) with residue retained – and six major cropping systems of this region were examined after 3 years of experimentation. Results demonstrated that soil moisture content, mean weight diameter, percent water stable aggregates (>0.25mm) for the 0–15cm soil layer were significantly (Pmoderately labile>less labile. At the 0–15cm depth, the contributions of moderately labile, less labile and non-labile C fractions to total organic C were 39.3%, 10.3% and 50.4% respectively in RT and corresponding values for CT were 38.9%, 11.7% and 49.4%. Significant differences in different C fractions were observed between RT and CT. Soil microbial biomass C concentration was significantly higher in RT than CT at 0–15cm depth. The maize–chickpea cropping system had significantly (P–1 followed by soybean+pigeon pea (2:1) intercropping (3.50 t ha–1) and soybean–wheat cropping systems (2.97 t ha–1). Thus, CA practices could be sustainable management practices for improving soil health and crop yields of rainfed Vertisols in these semiarid regions.

Paleoenvironmental analysis of wet meadow in the Deseado Massif: Implications for the Holocene occupation of Argentinian Patagonia

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110259
Author(s):  
Bruno Mosquera ◽  
María V Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Sedimentation Environment ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Analysis ◽  
Deseado Massif

Paleoenvironmental data from wet-meadow environments in the arid-semiarid region of Patagonia are still incipient and the paleoenvironmental records came from pollen sequences of caves and rockshelters. The main reasons to study wetland records are their undisturbed (by humans) sedimentologic continuity, in contrast to deposits in rock shelters and caves; and their regional presentation of environmental changes that can be compared to archeological data. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the past hydrological dynamic of a wet-meadow from Deseado Massif and its relationship with the human occupation. For this purpose, we present the results of the sediment and pollen analysis of Mallín La Primavera wet-meadow that provide a sequence starting in the mid-Holocene. The results indicate a lower water table in the mallín prior to 6900 cal yr BP. Sediment analysis indicates low energy sedimentation environment with flood events and very low energy streams. Human occupational data show chronological discontinuities in mid-Holocene in several regions of Patagonia and the southern cone. In the studied region, two chronological hiatuses (7828–6434 cal yr BP and 3005–2710 cal yr BP) where recognized that appear to correlate with shrub steppes, indicating dry conditions. These conditions may explain the lack of archeological radiocarbon dates in the area during this period. The integration of sediment and pollen results from the Deseado Massif indicates dry and windy conditions for the middle Holocene. The lack of archeological radiocarbon dates would have been influenced by the loss of moisture in water sources such as springs and their associated wet meadows ( mallines).

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