scholarly journals Rapid land use prediction via portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data on the dried lakebed of Avlan Lake in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. e00464
Author(s):  
Gafur Gozukara
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
X Ray

Experimental and Archaeological Verification of an Index of Retouch for Hafted Bifaces

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Andrefsky
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projectile Points

The relative amount of retouch on stone tools is central to many archaeological studies linking stone tool assemblages to broader issues of human social and economic land-use strategies. Unfortunately, most retouch measures deal with flake and blade tools and few (if any) have been developed for hafted bifaces and projectile points. This paper introduces a new index for measuring and comparing amount of retouch on hafted bifaces and projectile points that can be applied regardless of size or typological variance. The retouch index is assessed initially with an experimental data set of hafted bifaces that were dulled and resharpened on five occasions. The retouch index is then applied to a hafted biface assemblage made from tool stone that has been sourced by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results of both assessments show that the hafted biface retouch index (HRI) is effective for determining the amount of retouch and the degree to which the hafted bifaces have been curated.

Assessing the effects of land use change from rice to vegetable on soil structural quality using X-ray CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 104343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyan Wang ◽  
Shengxiang Xu ◽  
Chao Kong ◽  
Yongcun Zhao ◽  
Xuezheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

Possible effects of land use on the clay mineralogy of a brown forest soil

Clay Minerals ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Bain ◽  
D. T. Griffen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

AbstractThree soil profiles classed as brown forest soils on schistose parent material, in close proximity but under different land uses, have been studied. The profile under 50 year-old Sitka spruce trees is the most acidic, the second profile under rough grassland is less acidic, and the third profile in an arable field which has been fertilized is the least acidic. The clay fractions (ς μm) of all three profiles are very similar. However, computer simulations of the X-ray diffraction patterns of clay phases using a modified version of NEWMOD revealed two possible weathering trends: (1) an increasing proportion of vermiculite in interstratified mica-vermiculite in the upper horizons of the arable and forested soils; (2) formation of high-charge corrensite by weathering of chlorite in all three profiles but least pronounced in the arable soil. The differences in clay mineralogy amongst the profiles are minor, but these two different weathering trends may be due to the effects of different land use.

scholarly journals Chemical and mineralogical changes in a Brazilian Rhodic Paleudult under different land use and managements

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1304-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessé Rodrigo Fink ◽  
Alberto Vasconcellos Inda ◽  
Jaime Antonio de Almeida ◽  
Carlos Alberto Bissani ◽  
Elvio Giasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
X Ray

Changes in land use and management can affect the dynamic equilibrium of soil systems and induce chemical and mineralogical alterations. This study was based on two long-term experiments (10 and 27 years) to evaluate soil used for no-tillage maize cultivation, with and without poultry litter application (NTPL and NTM), and with grazed native pasture fertilized with cattle droppings (GrP), on the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of a Rhodic Paleudult in Southern Brazil, in comparison with the same soil under native grassland (NGr). In the four treatments, soil was sampled from the 0.0-2.5 and 2.5-5.0 cm layers. In the air-dried fine soil (ADFS) fraction (∅ < 2 mm), chemical characteristics of solid and liquid phases and the specific surface area (SSA) were evaluated. The clay fraction (∅ < 0.002 mm) in the 0.0-2.5 cm layer was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) after treatments for identification and characterization of 2:1 clay minerals. Animal waste application increased the total organic C concentration (COT) and specific surface area (SSA) in the 0.0-2.5 cm layer. In comparison to NGr, poultry litter application (NTPL) increased the concentrations of Ca and CECpH7, while cattle droppings (GrP) increased the P and K concentrations. In the soil solution, the concentration of dissolved organic C was positively related with COT levels. With regard to NGr, the soil use with crops (NTM and NTPL) had practically no effect on the chemical elements in solution. On the other hand, the concentrations of most chemical elements in solution were higher in GrP, especially of Fe, Al and Si. The Fe and Al concentrations in the soil iron oxides were lower, indicating reductive/complexive dissolution of crystalline forms. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of clay in the GrP environment showed a decrease in intensity and reflection area of the 2:1 clay minerals. This fact, along with the intensified Al and Si activity in soil solution indicate dissolution of clay minerals in soil under cattle-grazed pasture fertilized with animal droppings.

Use of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for classifying soils from different land use land cover systems in India

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somsubhra Chakraborty ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
David C. Weindorf ◽  
Shovik Deb ◽  
Autumn Acree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cover Systems

Impact of land use and tillage practice on soil macropore characteristics inferred from X-ray computed tomography

CATENA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 105886
Author(s):  
Suman Budhathoki ◽  
Jasmeet Lamba ◽  
Puneet Srivastava ◽  
Colleen Williams ◽  
Francisco Arriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Soil Macropore

scholarly journals Determination of the chemical properties of water and sediments in agricultural land use by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Malva Andrea Mancuso ◽  
Francéllwika Catharine Gomes de Azevedo ◽  
Arci Dirceu Wastowski ◽  
Mariele Fioreze
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
X Ray

A técnica de espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X por energia dispersiva (EDXRF) foi aplicada em 29 amostras coletadas em um ano (jun/2012 a jul/2013) de monitoramento de qualidade da água do Rio Lajeado Pardo, afluente de um reservatório de captação de água para abastecimento, para avaliar a qualidade de 4 amostras de solos da floresta circundante e 6 amostras de sedimentos fluviais. Os teores elevados de Fe e Mn têm relação natural com os solos da região, já Cu, Zn, Ba e Cr, apesar de serem micronutrientes naturais do solo, podem ter enriquecimento proveniente do uso de fertilizantes e defensivos agrícolas. Segundo níveis estabelecidos pelas Diretrizes Canadenses de Qualidade dos Sedimentos para a Proteção da Vida Aquática e CONAMA nº 344/2000, as concentrações de Cr e Cu em sedimentos foram superiores ao nível acima do qual são observados efeitos severos à vida aquática. Em água doce, as concentrações de Fe, Zn, Cu e Mn foram superiores ao limite indicado pelas Diretrizes Canadenses de Qualidade da Água para a Proteção da Agricultura e Diretrizes Canadenses de Qualidade da Água para a Proteção de Vida Aquática. Não foram detectados os elementos Al, V, Zr, Sr, Cr, Y e Nb em água doce, estando a presença dos mesmos restrita aos solos e sedimentos de fundo do reservatório. O transporte médio anual de sedimentos foi estimado em 9,59 ton/ano.km2 . Entretanto, durante evento de precipitação pluviométrica, com vazão observada de 7,38 m³/s, se obteve a descarga máxima de 8,09 ton/dia.km2 de sólidos suspensos totais, um acréscimo de 307 vezes o valor médio diário transportado pelo rio

Sea spray and land use affect clay mineral and soil organic matter properties in soil on machair (Harris, Scotland)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilo Rennert ◽  
Ludger Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pedogenic Process

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8216;Machair&amp;#8217; describes a landscape form that is present along the Atlantic seaboard of Scotland and Ireland, and that is characterized by a gently sloping coastal plain developed from aeolian carbonate and quartzose sand. We characterized three grassland soil profiles along a coastal transect on Harris (Outer Hebrides, Scotland) by standard methods (colour, texture, pH, wet-chemical extractions), infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Our aim was to understand the impacts of humankind, matter input, weathering and accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) on chemical processes and soil properties. One of the profiles differed distinctly from the other two, in particular regarding depth, texture, carbonate and SOM contents, and properties of SOM (relative content of rather labile permanganate-oxidizable SOM, transformation state), presumably caused by earlier land use as arable land. We classified the soil with the least depth as Hypereutric Leptosol, and the others as Cambic and Calcaric Phaeozem. Thermally stable SOM was present in all samples, likely pointing to pyrogenic SOM, i.e. black carbon. The mineralogical composition differed among the profiles and reflected the intermediate character of the local rocks. In all topsoil horizons, we identified Mg-hydroxy-interlayered minerals (HIMs), which are rather rare, given the commonly low abundance of Mg ions in the soil solution relative to Ca, or Al in acidic soil. The share of Mg-HIMs of the total minerals in the clay fraction ranged from 25% in a subsoil to 71% in a topsoil horizon. We suggest that sea spray is the source of subsequently intercalated Mg. This composition of the clay fraction, which is possibly typical of soil on certain machair sites, and is the result of a pedogenic process, surely affects soil properties and processes such as cation exchange capacity and SOM storage and thus element cycles.&lt;/p&gt;

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