Phenotyping of clinically significant blood group antigens among the South Indian donor population

Abstract Introduction Discovered in 1911 by Frederick Forssman, the Forssman (Fs) antigen (Ag) expression varies among species, being rarely present on human red blood cells (RBC). In 1987 three unrelated English families were identified with a phenotype designed Apae which was later classified as the 31st blood group: FORS. Since antibodies (Ab) anti-Fs has natural occurrence and the expression of the Ag occurs on the surface of the RBC, body fluids and organs, raises a potential role for this antigen in transfusion and transplantation implications. Objectives Our main goals were to evaluate the prevalence of anti-Fs Ab and clarify its impact in transfusional medicine by classifying the type of immunoglobulin (Ig) involved. Methodology 3-5% sheep RBC suspension with positive expression for Fs Ag was used to evaluate the presence of Ab anti-Fs in plasma samples from a Portuguese population of blood donor and classify the immunoglobulin involved. Standard tube technique was used in all the experiments. Results From a total of 11877 donors, 117 (0,99%) showed weak reactions (between 0 and 1 in a scale from 0 to 4). All these samples would be further studied to evaluate the presence of the Arg296Gln in the GBGT1 gene. Also, from the 192 samples studied to classify the Ab involved, 52% revealed to be only IgM, being the rest a mixture between IgG and IgM. Conclusion The population studied revealed few samples with negative reaction against the sheep RBC confirm the low-prevalence of this blood group. The majority from the Ab to be IgM was also corroborated although the presence of an IgG portion can be clinically significant once it can cross the placental barrier.

Download Full-text

Non-Hemolytic Antibody Induced Loss of RBC Antigen during Transfusion of Crossmatch Incompatible Blood.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.557.557 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 557-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James C. Zimring ◽

Gregory A. Hair ◽

Traci E. Chadwick ◽

Seema S. Deshpande ◽

Kimberly M. Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

High Titer ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Target Antigen ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

A Cell ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Antigen Loss ◽

A Minor

Abstract Background: Transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) into patients with anti-donor RBC antibodies (crossmatch incompatible transfusion) can result in antibody mediated hemolysis. Less well appreciated is the ability of anti-RBC antibodies to specifically remove their target antigen from donor RBCs without compromising cell survival. This phenomenon has now been reported for the major clinically significant blood group antigens, including Rh, Kell, Kidd and Duffy. Although this has been described multiple times in humans, no mechanistic elucidation has been accomplished. In an effort to investigate the mechanism of this process, we describe the first animal model of non-hemolytic antibody induced RBC antigen loss. Methods: mHEL mice express the model antigen Hen Egg Lysozyme (HEL) as a cell surface protein on RBC. Since mHEL mice are on a C57BL/6 background, the mHEL antigen represents a single antigenic difference between donor RBC and recipient mice. Immunizing C57BL/6 mice with HEL/CFA results in the generation of high titer IgG anti-HEL responses rendering the mice crossmatch incompatible with mHEL RBC. This system was utilized to study the effects of transfusing mHEL RBC into crossmatch incompatible recipients. Results: Similar to the antibody induced antigen loss observed in humans, transfusion of donor mHEL RBC into crossmatch incompatible mice results in selective loss of HEL antigen from donor RBC without affecting other blood group antigens or reducing the circulatory lifespan of the donor RBC. In addition, recovered RBC that have lost their antigen have normal morphology. This process is antigen specific and occurs in mice that have received passive injections of anti-HEL antisera. A spleen is not required for antigen loss to occur. However, antigen loss does not occur in animals with a targeted deletion of the FcγIII receptor. Although polyclonal anti-HEL antisera consistently causes antigen loss, and IgG1 and IgG2b are the predominant subclasses of anti-HEL IgG in the antisera, no antigen loss is observed in response to purified monoclonal anti-HEL antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2b subclass. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that antibody induced antigen loss is a process that involves interaction of RBC, anti-RBC IgG and FcγIII receptors, thus providing mechanistic insight into the phenomenon of antigen loss during incompatible transfusion. The lack of antigen loss in response to monoclonal anti-HEL IgG1 or IgG2b suggests that antigen loss occurs in response to a minor IgG subtype in antisera, depends upon biological properties of the antibody (such as affinity), or that additional serum cofactors are involved.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of ABO, RhD and other clinically significant Blood Group Antigens among blood donors at tertiary care center, Gwalior

Bali Medical Journal ◽

10.15562/bmj.v9i2.1779 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Shelendra Sharma ◽

Dharmesh Chandra Sharma ◽

Sunita Rai ◽

Anita Arya ◽

Reena Jain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Tertiary Care Center ◽

Clinically Significant

Download Full-text

Synthetic Peptide Mimotopes of blood Group Antigens for Red Cell Antibody Screening

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.291.291 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 291-291

Author(s):

Evelyn J A Tait ◽

Robin Fraser ◽

Michael Moss ◽

Stanislaw J Urbaniak

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Test System ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Optimal Test ◽

Screening Assay ◽

Antibody Screening ◽

Random Peptide ◽

Antibody Recognition ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Clinically Significant

Abstract Background: Antibody screening is performed both routinely in the blood group typing procedures for donors and patients and in more detail as part of special investigations for transfusion-dependent patients such as those suffering from Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassaemia. However, despite the care taken, intrinsic limitations of traditional serological diagnostic tests mean that alloimmunisation of pregnant women and multiply transfused patient may still go undetected, resulting in Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn or Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions, respectively. Furthermore, although the genes encoding the majority of blood group antigens have been characterised, the expression of recombinant gene products and the subsequent determination of protein structure that might lead to novel diagnostic reagents have proved more difficult to achieve. Methods: Phage Display libraries that express random peptide sequences (~1015) on the virion surface were screened using a series of monoclonal antibodies and an anti-RhD polyclonal preparation to identify peptides that mimic epitopes of clinically important blood group antigens. The peptides thus identified, were then synthesised in macroarrays and evaluated using SPOTs (Simple Precise Optimal Test system) in a step towards development of a novel diagnostic antibody-screening assay. Results: The combined approach of phagepeptide display and SPOTs proved powerful. From 490 phage-peptides selected by biopanning, 86 mimotopes bound their cognate antibody in SPOTs assays and represented the clinically important blood group antigens RhD (including epitopes 1.1, 3.1 and 6.3), RhE, Rhe, Fya and Fyb. These peptides ranged in size from 7 to 15 residues and included 7-mers that were constrained at their termini by a di-sulphide bridge. Further SPOTs analyses showed 26 of these phage-peptides (12 RhD, 3 RhE, 1 Rhe, 2 Fya and 8 Fyb) have the appropriate strength of signal and binding specificity for inclusion in any future diagnostic antibody-screening assay. A subset of these peptides has been further tested. These peptides were immobilised on polystyrene microspheres and shown to specifically bind their cognate antibodies in both (1) monoplex gel agglutination immunoassays and (2) microsphere-based, multiplex suspension arrays. Conclusions: We have shown that, regardless of whether or not the mimotopes resemble the original antigen sequence, they bind their cognate antibodies specifically and are therefore genuine mimics of the natural antigenic epitopes. It has also been demonstrated that the context in which a peptide is presented is fundamentally important for antibody recognition. The value of the phage-peptide approach in identifying mimotopes to clinically significant blood group antigens has also been established. Moreover, these peptides could be used in a single, comprehensive screening assay and eliminate many of the problems associated with agglutination assays and may herald the possibility of a synthetic, diagnostic array for routine antibody screening for all patients and donors and patients in the near future.

Download Full-text

PREVALENCE OF BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS OTHER THAN ABO-RhD IN HEALTHY BLOOD DONORS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN, INDIA

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i3.1028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ravindra Kumar Yadav ◽

Dev Raj Arya ◽

N.L. Mahawar ◽

Arun Bharti ◽

Shailendra Vashistha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Tertiary Care Center ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Donor Population ◽

Compatible Blood

Introduction: It is important to know the frequencies of the various antigens to predict the availability of blood units for alloimmunized patients. Because of the fact that there is always a chance of diversity in phenotype pattern of a donor population, we decided to conduct a study on antigen phenotyping of regular blood donors. Methodology: This blood bank based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out amongst 500 voluntary blood donors over a period of 8 months, i.e., from April, 2019 to November, 2019. Samples from all these donors were subjected to extended phenotyping (C, c, E, e, K, M, N, S, Jka, Jkb, Fya, Fyb, Lea and Leb). Results: In present study, we observed the percentage frequencies of C, c, E, e, K, M, N, S, P1, Lea, Leb, Jka, Jkb, Fya and Fyb antigens as 75.6%, 53.2%, 18.4%, 97.75%, 3.8%, 82.4%, 58.4%, 43.8%, 66.2%, 16.8%, 52.6%, 80.0%, 67.6%, 79.4% and 54.6% respectively. Conclusion: Outcomes of such studies can be used to formulate a rare blood group donor registry and compatible blood can be provided to the patients (especially those requiring multiple transfusions). Keywords: Antigens, Phenotyping, Blood donors.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic Profile of Rh and Kell Blood Group Systems among Blood Donors in Cote d’Ivoire, West Africa

Journal of Blood Transfusion ◽

10.1155/2014/309817 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. Siransy Bogui ◽

B. Dembele ◽

Y. Sekongo ◽

S. Abisse ◽

S. Konaté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Red Cell ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

Blood Transfusion Center ◽

Donor Population ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Design And Methods

Few countries in sub-Saharan Africa make systematic searches for antigens C, c, E, and e of the Rh and Kell system antigens in the donor and recipient, thereby exposing transfused patients. Purpose and Objectives. In this paper, we propose to determine the red cell Rh and Kell blood groups among blood donors from traditional techniques to improve medical care of transfused patients. This study will allow us to assess the frequency of blood group antigens in these systems. Study Design and Methods. We carried out a study on the red cell typing in the blood donor population of the National Blood Transfusion Center in Abidjan. This study was performed on 651 blood donors. Results. For the Rh system, the antigen frequencies of D, c, e, C, and E are, respectively, 92.93%, 99.85%, 99.85%, 21.97%, and 13.82%. K antigen is found in 0.77% of donors. Discussion and Conclusion. Although the frequencies of the most immunogenic antigens are lower than in the white race, lack of preventive measures makes the immunological risk high in Africa. Furthermore, Africa is full of specificities that are important to note for a better care of our patients.

Download Full-text

Clinically Significant Minor Blood Group Antigens amongst North Indian Donor Population

Advances in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2013/215454 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Divjot Singh Lamba ◽

Ravneet Kaur ◽

Sabita Basu

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Group Antigen ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Young Females ◽

Group System ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Antigen Frequency

Background. Racial differences in blood group antigen distribution are common and may result in striking and interesting findings. These differences in blood group antigen distribution are important due to their influence on the clinical practice of transfusion medicine.Study Design and Methods. This is a prospective study, involving 1000 healthy regular repeat voluntary blood donors associated with the department. The clinically significant minor blood group antigens of these donors were studied.Results. Out of 1000 healthy regular repeat voluntary blood donors, 93% were D positive and 2.8% were K positive. Amongst the Rh antigens, e was the most common (99%), followed by D (93%), C (85.1%), c (62.3%), and E (21.5%). Within the MNS blood group system, antigen frequency was M (88%), N (57.5%), S (57.8%), and s (87.5%). Within the Duffy blood group system, antigen frequency wasFya(87.3%) andFyb(58.3%).Conclusions. This data base will help us to prevent alloimmunisation in young females, pregnant women, and patients who are expected to require repeated transfusions in life by providing them with antigen matched blood. Antigen negative blood can also be made available without delay to already alloimmunized multitransfused patients.

Download Full-text

Using Whole Genome Sequencing to Characterize Clinically Significant Blood Groups Among Healthy Older Australians

10.1101/2021.04.18.21255241 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sudhir S Jadhao ◽

Candice Davison ◽

Eileen V. Roulis ◽

Simon Lee ◽

Paul Lacaze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Genome Sequencing ◽

Blood Group ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Rare Variants ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Group System ◽

Starting Point ◽

Clinically Significant

There have been no comprehensive studies of a full range of blood group polymorphisms within the Australian population. The problem is compounded by the absence of any databases carrying genomic information on chronically transfused patients and low frequency blood group antigens in Australia. Here, we use RBCeq, a web server-based blood group genotyping software, to identify unique blood group variants among Australians and compare the variation detected versus global data. Whole genome sequencing data was analysed from for 2796 healthy older Australians from the Medical Genome Reference Bank and compared with data from 1000G phase 3 (1KGP3) databases comprising 661 African, 347 American, 503 European, 504 East Asian, and 489 South Asian participants. There were 688 rare variants detected in this Australian sample population, including nine variants that had clinical associations. Notably, we identified 149 variants that were computationally predicted to be novel and deleterious. No clinically significant rare or novel variants were found associated with the genetically complex ABO blood group system. For the Rh blood group system one novel and 16 rare variants were found. Our detailed blood group profiling results provide a starting point for the creation of an Australian blood group variant database.

Download Full-text

Detection of red cell alloantibodies in thalassaemia patients

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ansuman Sahu ◽

Pankaj Parida ◽

Smita Mahapatra ◽

Binay Bhusan Sahoo

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Red Cells ◽

P Value ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Red Cell ◽

Thalassaemia Major ◽

Medical College ◽

Blood Group Serology ◽

Clinically Significant

Background: β-thalassaemia patients receive regular blood transfusion to thrive. Due to antigen disparity between the blood donors and these patients they develop red cell alloantibodies due to alloimmunization. The objective of this study is to predict the frequency of red cell alloimmunization amongst β-thalassaemia major patients receiving regular blood transfusion.Methods: This study including 106 patients with β-thalassaemia was conducted in the department of Transfusion Medicine, S. C. B. Medical College, Cuttack for a period of 12 months. Alloantibodies to different red cell blood group antigens in multi-transfused thalassaemia patients were detected using the glass bead technology for blood group serology in the present study.Results: Out of 106 β-thalassaemia major patients included in the study, 7.5% of patients developed alloantibodies, all being clinically significant. The alloantibodies were anti-E, anti c, anti e and anti-D. The rate of incidence of these alloantibodies was 3.8%, 1.9%, 0.9% and 0.9% respectively. There was a significant association between alloantibody formation with number of transfused packed red cells (Mann-Whitney Test: p value = 0.035) and age at first transfusion (p value = 0.001). The factors having no association with alloimmunization to red cell antigens are age and gender.Conclusions: Alloimmunization to various erythrocyte blood group antigens is a common problem in multi-transfused β-thalassaemia patients. There is an association between number of transfused packed red cells and age at first transfusion with alloantibody formation in the study.

Download Full-text