Effect of fungal pretreatment of wood on successional decay by several inky cap mushroom species

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Oliver ◽  
Joan Perkins ◽  
Jody Jellison
Keyword(s):  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Inky Cap

scholarly journals Does the chemistry of fungal pigments demand the existence of photoactivated defense strategies in basidiomycetes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianka Siewert
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Fungal Pigments

AbstractThe well-known photosensitizers hypericin, harmane, and emodin are typical pigments of certain mushroom species—is this a coincidence or an indication towards a photoactivated defense mechanism in the phylum Basidiomycota? This perspective article explores this hypothesis by cross-linking the chemistry of fungal pigments with structural requirements from known photosensitizers and insights from photoactivated strategies in the kingdom Plantae. Thereby, light is shed on a yet unexplored playground dealing with ecological questions, photopharmaceutical opportunities, and biotechnological potentials.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Mushroom Species in Italy: An Ongoing Project Aimed at Reinforcing the Control Measures of an Increasingly Appreciated Sustainable Food

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Alice Giusti ◽  
Enrica Ricci ◽  
Laura Gasperetti ◽  
Marta Galgani ◽  
Luca Polidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Genotypic Analysis

Proper investment in mushroom production (farming and wild mushroom picking activities) may represent a winning strategy for many countries, including Italy, to better face the problems of food security and environmental impact, and to break away from imports, enhancing the local products. However, the risk related to the consumption of poisoning species requires governments to implement or reinforce effective control measures to protect consumers. Mushroom identification by phenotype observation is hardly applicable if morphologically-similar species, non-whole specimens, or clinical samples are involved. Genotypic analysis is a valid alternative. An ongoing research project involving the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Tuscany, the regional Mycological Inspectorate, the Tuscany Mycological Groups Association, and the Department of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Pisa aims to reinforce the collaboration among institutions for the management of mushroom poisoning. The core’s project aims to develop an internal genetic database to support the identification of wild and cultivated mushroom species in the Italian territory. The database will include Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences retrieved from official databases (the NCBI GenBank and the BOLD system) which are considered to be reliable, after a proper selection process, and sequences from specimens collected directly and identified by expert mycologists. Once it is validated, the database will be available and further implementable by the official network of national laboratories.

Selective fungal pretreatment favored pyrolysis products of wheat straw based on pyrolytic polygeneration system

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 106749
Author(s):  
Jialong Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Haoxiang Ni ◽  
Qipeng Shi ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Polygeneration System

Fungal pretreatment of pine wood to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stratev ◽  
Cornelia Gradinger ◽  
Thomas Ters ◽  
Karin Fackler ◽  
Thomas Kuncinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wood Extractives ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Fungal Pretreatment ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Abstract Sterilized pine wood strands were treated with the ascomycete Ophiostoma piliferum (Cartapip 97™) in an attempt to reduce aldehyde emissions through degradation of aldehyde-forming precursors. Wooden boards were then produced from the treated strands by means of a laboratory press. VOC emissions of these boards were characterized and the concentrations of seven major substances were followed for a period of 28 days in Markes μ-CTE micro-chambers employing Tenax-TDAS/GC/MS analytics. Boards made from treated strands showed a highly significant (P<0.001) reduction in aldehyde emissions by 70% compared to the control boards, while differences in the monoterpene emissions were not significant (P>0.05). Wood extractives from treated and untreated strands were also analyzed by GC/MS after milling and acetone/water extraction. A marked decrease of C18 unsaturated fatty acids was detected in agreement with the reduction of aldehyde emissions, and the monosaccharides as indicators of fungal growth were depleted and stilbenes and lignans were partially degraded.

scholarly journals Knockdown of LIM15/DMC1 in the mushroom Coprinus cinereus by double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (11) ◽  
pp. 3669-3678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi H. Namekawa ◽  
Kazuki Iwabata ◽  
Hiroko Sugawara ◽  
Fumika N. Hamada ◽  
Akiyo Koshiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Gene Repression ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Expression Construct

The basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus has many advantages as a model organism for studying sexual development and meiosis, but it has been difficult to investigate using reverse-genetics methods, such as gene disruption by homologous recombination. Here, gene repression by dsRNA-mediated gene silencing was tried as an alternative method for reverse-genetics studies. It was shown that transformation of the LIM15/DMC1 dsRNA expression construct (LIM15dsRNA) resulted in genomic insertion of LIM15dsRNA and paucity of the LIM15/DMC1 transcript. First, LIM15dsRNA was transformed into the homothallic strain AmutBmut to generate a homozygote in which both nuclei had a copy of LIM15dsRNA. The LIM15/DMC1-repressed strain showed abnormal homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis. Basidiospore production was reduced to 16 % by the induction of dsRNA. However, approximately 60 % of basidiospores were viable. Next, a heterozygote was generated in which one nucleus had a copy of LIM15dsRNA. The phenotype was similar to that of the homozygote. These results are not only the first demonstration of dsRNA-mediated gene silencing in a member of the homobasidiomycete fungi, to which 90 % of mushroom species belong, but also the first successful use of a reverse-genetics approach in C. cinereus research.

The Role of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy to Support Patients With Cancer: A Critical Scoping Review of the Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 089801012110390
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Lehto ◽  
Megan Miller ◽  
Jessica Sender
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Existential Suffering ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Self Transcendence

Treatments for addressing psychiatric mental health issues in vulnerable patients with cancer are established. Yet, many patients persist with unrelenting psychological difficulties despite intervention. There is growing interest in the role of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for managing treatment-resistant mental health challenges in patients with cancer. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring compound derived from certain mushroom species that can induce entheogenic experiences or an altered state of consciousness. Reed's Self-Transcendence Theory provides a holistic lens to examine existential concerns and mental health in individuals who perceive their illness as potentially life threatening, such as those with cancer. This scoping literature review used Arksey and O’Malley's template to evaluate research examining psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for patients with cancer. Eight articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria (four quantitative, two mixed methods, and two qualitative). Review findings indicated that the majority of patient experiences were positive, centering on themes of death acceptance, reflection, and broadened spirituality. Although psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy is in early stages of clinical testing, it thus shows promise for carefully screened patients with cancer who have persistent existential suffering. It will be critical for investigators to tailor this emerging intervention to select patients and for clinicians to be engaged in assessment of outcomes and efficacy.

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