Bovine milk oligosaccharides as anti-adhesives against the respiratory tract pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae

Oligosaccharides support gut development and bacterial colonization in term infants, but it is unknown if they benefit preterm infants. Using preterm pigs, we investigated effects of bovine milk supplements enriched with oligosaccharides to improve gut development and colonization. Caesarean-delivered preterm pigs (n = 57) were reared for 19 days. The pigs were fed bovine milk supplemented with an oligosaccharide-enriched whey containing sialyllactose, or a heterogeneous oligosaccharide ingredient. To evaluate the influence of artificial rearing, near-term, vaginally born pigs raised by their sow (n = 12) were compared with artificially reared, caesarean-delivered near-term pigs (n = 14). In preterm pigs, the clinical outcome, gut function, gut microbiota, and systemic immunity were similar among dietary treatments. Natural rearing increased growth rates, gut functions, colon short chain fatty acid concentrations and bacterial diversity, relative to artificial rearing. In conclusion, supplements with bovine milk oligosaccharides were well tolerated, but did not improve gut maturation or clinical outcomes in artificially reared preterm piglets. Immaturity at birth, coupled with artificial rearing, may render the neonate unresponsive to the gut-protective effects of milk oligosaccharides. Whether bovine milk oligosaccharides may affect other endpoints (e.g., brain functions) in conditions of immaturity remains to be investigated.

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Antimicrobial Resistance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain: Results of a 1-Year (1996–1997) Multicenter Surveillance Study

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.43.2.357 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 357-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Fernando Baquero ◽

José Angel García-Rodríguez ◽

Juan García de Lomas ◽

Lorenzo Aguilar ◽

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Surveillance Study ◽

High Frequencies ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Tract Infections

A nationwide susceptibility surveillance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was carried out and found the following percentages of resistance: cefuroxime, 46%; penicillin, 37%; macrolides, 33%; aminopenicillins, 24%; cefotaxime, 13%; and ceftriaxone, 8%. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonality pattern for β-lactam antibiotics was observed. Resistance to macrolides was higher (P < 0.05) in middle-ear samples. Higher percentages of resistance to cefuroxime and macrolides were observed among penicillin-intermediate and -resistant strains, whereas high frequencies of resistance to aminopenicillins and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were observed only among penicillin-resistant strains.

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Isolation of an obligately anaerobic Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood culture

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.6.2.181-182.1977 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 181-182

Author(s):

j a Yatabe ◽

K L baldwin ◽

W J Martin

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Obligately Anaerobic ◽

Upper Respiratory

An obligately anaerobic strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from blood culture in a 14-month-old child with an upper respiratory tract infection.

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Fluoroquinolones as treatment for patients with lower respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/42.3.398 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 398-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. G. Amyes ◽

C. J. Thomson

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

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Tolerability and safety of the intake of bovine milk oligosaccharides extracted from cheese whey in healthy human adults

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2017.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jennifer T. Smilowitz ◽

Danielle G. Lemay ◽

Karen M. Kalanetra ◽

Elizabeth L. Chin ◽

Angela M. Zivkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Milk ◽

Evolutionary Relationship ◽

Microbial Metabolism ◽

Stool Consistency ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Faecal Microbiota ◽

Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Bacterial Populations

AbstractMechanistic research suggests a unique evolutionary relationship between complex milk oligosaccharides and cognate bifidobacteria enriched in breast-fed infants. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) were recently identified as structurally and functionally similar to human milk oligosaccharides. The present single-blind three-way crossover study is the first to determine the safety and tolerability of BMO consumption by healthy human participants (n 12) and its effects on faecal microbiota and microbial metabolism. Participants consumed each supplement (placebo-control; low- and high-BMO doses) for eleven consecutive days, followed by a 2-week washout period prior to initiating the next supplement arm. Low and high BMO doses were consumed as 25 and 35 % of each individual's daily fibre intake, respectively. Safety and tolerability were measured using standardised questionnaires on gut and stomach discomfort and stool consistency. Faecal extracts were profiled for bacterial populations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bifidobacteria presence was confirmed using quantitative PCR. Urine was analysed for changes in microbial metabolism using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Consumption of both the low and high BMO doses was well tolerated and did not change stool consistency from baseline. Multivariate analysis of the NGS results demonstrated no change in faecal microbiota phyla among the placebo-control and BMO supplement groups. In conclusion, BMO supplementation was well tolerated in healthy adults and has the potential to shift faecal microbiota toward beneficial strains as part of a synbiotic treatment with probiotic cultures that selectively metabolise oligosaccharides.

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