scholarly journals Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides with Sialyllactose for Preterm Piglets

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Obelitz-Ryom ◽  
Amalie Rendboe ◽  
Duc Nguyen ◽  
Silvia Rudloff ◽  
Anne Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Oligosaccharides support gut development and bacterial colonization in term infants, but it is unknown if they benefit preterm infants. Using preterm pigs, we investigated effects of bovine milk supplements enriched with oligosaccharides to improve gut development and colonization. Caesarean-delivered preterm pigs (n = 57) were reared for 19 days. The pigs were fed bovine milk supplemented with an oligosaccharide-enriched whey containing sialyllactose, or a heterogeneous oligosaccharide ingredient. To evaluate the influence of artificial rearing, near-term, vaginally born pigs raised by their sow (n = 12) were compared with artificially reared, caesarean-delivered near-term pigs (n = 14). In preterm pigs, the clinical outcome, gut function, gut microbiota, and systemic immunity were similar among dietary treatments. Natural rearing increased growth rates, gut functions, colon short chain fatty acid concentrations and bacterial diversity, relative to artificial rearing. In conclusion, supplements with bovine milk oligosaccharides were well tolerated, but did not improve gut maturation or clinical outcomes in artificially reared preterm piglets. Immaturity at birth, coupled with artificial rearing, may render the neonate unresponsive to the gut-protective effects of milk oligosaccharides. Whether bovine milk oligosaccharides may affect other endpoints (e.g., brain functions) in conditions of immaturity remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Erythropoietin monotherapy for neuroprotection after neonatal encephalopathy in low-to-middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Ivain ◽  
Paolo Montaldo ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Ramyia Elagovan ◽  
Constance Burgod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Near Term

Abstract Objective We examined whether erythropoietin monotherapy improves neurodevelopmental outcomes in near-term and term infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify studies that used erythropoietin (1500–12,500 units/kg/dose) or a derivative to treat NE. Results Five studies, with a total of 348 infants in LMICs, were retrieved. However, only three of the five studies met the primary outcome of death or neuro-disability at 18 months of age or later. Erythropoietin reduced the risk of death (during the neonatal period and at follow-up) or neuro-disability at 18 months or later (p < 0.05). Death or neuro-disability occurred in 27.6% of the erythropoietin group and 49.7% of the comparison group (risk ratio 0.56 (95% CI: 0.42–0.75)). Conclusion The pooled data suggest that erythropoietin monotherapy may improve outcomes after NE in LMICs where therapeutic hypothermia is not available.

Intermodal Enhancement of Stimulus Localisation in Infants Born Prematurely

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Foreman ◽  
Alistair Fielder
Keyword(s):  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Visual Enhancement ◽  
Sensory Space ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

The interaction of auditory and visual modalities in the enhancement of orientation was examined in premature and near-term infants by presenting them auditory or visual stimuli or auditory-visual stimulus combinations at various positions in sensory space. In 4.5–15-mo.-olds, brisk orienting responses could be elicited to very peripheral stimulus positions but only when the stimulus consisted of a spatially coherent auditory-visual combination (i.e., where a sound and a light occurred at the same point in space). This occurred for all infants, irrespective of age or gestational age at birth. First, the result shows that infants can respond to visual stimuli at eccentric positions, beyond the supposed limits of their effective visual fields as measured by standard perimetry. Second, the result extends earlier studies showing that intersensory integration and stimulus localisation develop relatively normally in prematurely born infants. The auditory-visual enhancement test as used here may have a number of further uses and applications in the clinic and laboratory.

Delivery room resuscitation of near-term infants: Role of the laryngeal mask airway

Resuscitation ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Zanardo ◽  
Gary Weiner ◽  
Massimo Micaglio ◽  
Nicoletta Doglioni ◽  
Ramona Buzzacchero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Near Term

scholarly journals Safety and Tolerance Evaluation of Milk Fat Globule Membrane-Enriched Infant Formulas: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Non-Inferiority Trial in Healthy Term Infants

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S16962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Billeaud ◽  
Giuseppe Puccio ◽  
Elie Saliba ◽  
Bernard Guillois ◽  
Carole Vaysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Standard Formula ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

Objective This multicenter non-inferiority study evaluated the safety of infant formulas enriched with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fractions. Methods Healthy, full-term infants ( n = 119) age ≤14 days were randomized to standard infant formula (control), standard formula enriched with a lipid-rich MFGM fraction (MFGM-L), or standard formula enriched with a protein-rich MFGM fraction (MFGM-P). Primary outcome was mean weight gain per day from enrollment to age 4 months (non-inferiority margin: –3.0 g/day). Secondary (length, head circumference, tolerability, morbidity, adverse events) and exploratory (phospholipids, metabolic markers, immune markers) outcomes were also evaluated. Results Weight gain was non-inferior in the MFGM-L and MFGM-P groups compared with the control group. Among secondary and exploratory outcomes, few between-group differences were observed. Formula tolerance rates were high (>94%) in all groups. Adverse event and morbidity rates were similar across groups except for a higher rate of eczema in the MFGM-P group (13.9% vs control [3.5%], MFGM-L [1.4%]). Conclusion Both MFGM-enriched formulas met the primary safety endpoint of non-inferiority in weight gain and were generally well tolerated, although a higher rate of eczema was observed in the MFGM-P group.

scholarly journals 1323 Impact of the Near Term Infants on NICU Bed Utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A377-A377
Author(s):  
E. Abdulrahman ◽  
M. A. Al-Seoud
Keyword(s):  
Term Infants ◽  
Near Term

scholarly journals Tolerability and safety of the intake of bovine milk oligosaccharides extracted from cheese whey in healthy human adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Smilowitz ◽  
Danielle G. Lemay ◽  
Karen M. Kalanetra ◽  
Elizabeth L. Chin ◽  
Angela M. Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Bacterial Populations

AbstractMechanistic research suggests a unique evolutionary relationship between complex milk oligosaccharides and cognate bifidobacteria enriched in breast-fed infants. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) were recently identified as structurally and functionally similar to human milk oligosaccharides. The present single-blind three-way crossover study is the first to determine the safety and tolerability of BMO consumption by healthy human participants (n 12) and its effects on faecal microbiota and microbial metabolism. Participants consumed each supplement (placebo-control; low- and high-BMO doses) for eleven consecutive days, followed by a 2-week washout period prior to initiating the next supplement arm. Low and high BMO doses were consumed as 25 and 35 % of each individual's daily fibre intake, respectively. Safety and tolerability were measured using standardised questionnaires on gut and stomach discomfort and stool consistency. Faecal extracts were profiled for bacterial populations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bifidobacteria presence was confirmed using quantitative PCR. Urine was analysed for changes in microbial metabolism using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Consumption of both the low and high BMO doses was well tolerated and did not change stool consistency from baseline. Multivariate analysis of the NGS results demonstrated no change in faecal microbiota phyla among the placebo-control and BMO supplement groups. In conclusion, BMO supplementation was well tolerated in healthy adults and has the potential to shift faecal microbiota toward beneficial strains as part of a synbiotic treatment with probiotic cultures that selectively metabolise oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Combined effects of body position and sleep status on the cardiorespiratory stability of near-term infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Oishi ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Takako Hirose ◽  
Sachiko Nakaya ◽  
Keiji Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Near Term

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the First 24 Hours of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Thilo ◽  
Raul A. Lazarte ◽  
Jacinto A. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Minute Apgar Score

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is commonly thought of as occuring in the sick premature infant, usually in the first one to two weeks of life. A review of NEC at the Children's Hospital of Denver over a 5-year period, found that 13 of 79 infants (16.1%) had onset of NEC during the first day of life. These infants were larger (mean birth weight 2,624 ± 849 g), more mature (mean gestational age 37.9 ± 2.5 weeks), and less asphyxiated as judged by Apgar scores (mean five-minute score 8.15 ± 1.07) than infants with onset of NEC after the first day of life (mean birth weight 1,519 ± 586 g, mean gestational age 32.0 ± 3.5 weeks, P &lt; .001, and mean five-minute Apgar score 6.81 ± 1.84, P &lt; .05). Despite their large size and degree of maturity, eight of these infants (62%) showed signs of respiratory distress; four (31%) were polycythemic; four (31%) had either a partial or double-volume exchange transfusion performed; and 11 (85%) were fed prior to developing NEC. Presenting signs of disease, occurrence of sepsis (31%), requirement for surgical intervention (62%), and mortality (30%) were similar for the two groups of infants. It is suggested that term and near-term infants who have significant illness after delivery be treated more like their premature counterparts with cautious introduction of feedings after an adequate period of stabilization.

Outcome of non-cooled asphyxiated infants with under-recognised or delayed-onset encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2020-321331
Author(s):  
Corline E J Parmentier ◽  
Sylke J Steggerda ◽  
Lauren C Weeke ◽  
Monique Rijken ◽  
Linda S De Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Intraventricular Haemorrhage ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Near Term

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics, MRI findings and neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with documented perinatal asphyxia and seizure onset within 24 hours after birth who were not selected for therapeutic hypothermia (TH).DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and patients(Near-)term infants with documented perinatal asphyxia referred to two Dutch level III neonatal units with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and seizures <24 hours after birth not treated with TH. Infants with a diagnosis other than NE following perinatal asphyxia causing the seizures were excluded.Main outcome measuresClinical characteristics, findings on cranial MRI performed within 8 days after birth and neurodevelopmental outcome assessed using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales at 18 months or Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition at 2 years of age.Results39 infants were included. All had abnormalities on MRI. Predominant white matter/watershed injury was the most common pattern of injury, 23 (59%). 7 (18%) infants had predominant basal ganglia/thalamus injury, 3 (8%) near total brain injury, 5 (13%) arterial ischaemic stroke, 1 (3%) an intraventricular haemorrhage. Adverse outcome was seen in 51%: 6 died, 11 developed cerebral palsy (spastic n=8, dyskinetic n=3), 2 had neurodevelopmental delay, 1 had severe hearing impairment.ConclusionsAll infants with documented perinatal asphyxia and seizure onset within 24 hours after birth who did not receive TH had abnormalities on MRI. 51% had an adverse outcome. Better methods for recognition of infants who might benefit from TH and careful neurodevelopmental follow-up are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) as an initial therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm and near-term infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Iranpour ◽  
Amir-Mohammad Armanian ◽  
Ahmad-Reza Abedi ◽  
Ziba Farajzadegan
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Near Term ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory

BackgroundCurrently, various forms of non-invasive respiratory support have been used in the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates. However, nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) has not yet been applied commonly as an initial treatment.ObjectivesThis study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nHFOV compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm and near-term infants with RDS.MethodsIn a randomised clinical trial, a total of 68 neonates (gestational age (GA) between 30 and 36 weeks and 6 days) with a clinical diagnosis of RDS were randomly assigned to either the NCPAP (n=34) or the nHFOV (n=34) group. The primary outcome was the duration of non-invasive respiratory support (duration of using NCPAP or nHFOV).ResultThe median (IQR) duration of non-invasive respiratory support, was significantly shorter in the nHFOV group than that in the NCPAP group (20 (15–25.3) versus 26.5 (15–37.4) hours, respectively; p=0.02). The need for a ventilator occurred in 4 out of 34 (11.8%) neonates in the NCPAP group and in none of the neonates in the nHFOV group (p=0.03). In addition, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) occurred in nine cases (6.9%) in the NCPAP group and two cases (3.3%) in the nHFOV group, which showed a significant difference (p=0.04). The incidence of pneumothorax, chronic lung disease, pulmonary haemorrhage and necrotising enterocolitis was similar between the two groups.ConclusionThis study showed that nHFOV significantly reduced the duration of non-invasive respiratory support and decreased the need for intubation compared with NCPAP in infants with RDS. Furthermore, nHFOV seems to reduce the incidence of IVH without increasing other complications.Trial registration numberIRCT2017062734782N1.

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