A cross sectional study of atherogenic index of plasma and angiographic profile by Gensini score in patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. India has the highest burden of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Atherogenesis is a multifactorial process, abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism especially elevated Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLc) remains one of most attributing key factor. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), can be calculated easily from the formula AIP=Log 10 Triglyceride (TG)/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLc). The AIP is inversely proportional to the diameter of LDLc particles, which indirectly reflects Small Dense LDLc levels. AIP has been proposed as a marker for Cardiovascular (CV) risk. Aim: The study aimed to assess the correlation between AIP and the Angiographic Profile by Gensini Score (GS) in ACS patients and also to evaluate the relationship between AIP and in-hospital mortality of ACS patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a hospital based cross- sectional study. This study was done from November 2019 to October 2020 in the Department of Cardiology, Sriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College, Odisha, India. A total of 240 patients of ACS were included in the study. AIP was calculated from the lipid profile of all the ACS patients. Coronary Angiography was done in all of these patients. Correlation of the AIP was done with the severity of CAD according to Gensini scoring system. Chi-square test was used to compare continuous variables p<0.05 was considered significant. Spearman’s rho correlation was also used to compare AIP with GS. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, (SPSS) 26 (IBM). Results: Majority of the cases were males 194 (80.8%) and females were 46 (19.2%). The Spearmans rho coefficient between AIP and GS was 0.663. It was statistically significant (p<0.001). AIP had positive correlation (value) with severity of CAD by GS. In-hospital mortality was 5%. It was more in high risk AIP group with a p-value of 0.006 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: AIP shows positive correlation with the severity of CAD in terms of GS. High AIP is also associated with increased in-hospital mortality. AIP can be used in the treatment of ACS patients and is a suitable alternative to various costly biomarkers of CAD. Therefore, AIP can be advocated for routine measurement in clinical practice.

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The relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma and arterial stiffness in essential hypertensive patients from China: a cross-sectional study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02049-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juan Yin ◽

Minghui Li ◽

Lingling Yu ◽

Feng Hu ◽

Yu Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Abstract Background The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) always remains in a potential association with arterial stiffness, however, this association has not been fully discovered and needs to be studied in depth in large hypertensive patient populations. The present analysis thus sought to further explore the association that exists between AIP and arterial stiffness in Chinese patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 4744 Chinese individuals with essential hypertension. AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels indicated in molar concentrations. Measurement of arterial stiffness was carried out via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results Data were adjusted for potential confounding variables, and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed AIP to be positively correlated with baPWV (β = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.72, P < 0.001). When AIP was instead treated as a categorical variable divided into quartiles, the same relationship was observed (P for trend < 0.001). We additionally found AIP and baPWV had a stronger positive association in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) < 24 kg/m2 (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion AIP and arterial stiffness were positively correlated in essential hypertension patients in China, especially in those with a BMI < 24 kg/m2. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR1800017274.

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The Relationship Between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Arterial Stiffness in Essential Hypertensive Patients from China: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-215251/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Yin ◽

Minghui Li ◽

Lingling Yu ◽

Feng Hu ◽

Yu Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Hypertension ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Abstract Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) always remains in a potential association with the arterial stiffness, however, in large hypertensive patient populations, this relation is not fully discovered and needs to be studied in depth. The present analysis thus sought to further explore the association that exists between AIP and arterial stiffness in patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension in China.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4744 Chinese individuals with essential hypertension. AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels indicates as in molar concentrations. Measurement of arterial stiffness was carried out via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).Results: Data were adjusted for potential confounding variables, after which a multivariate linear regression analysis revealed AIP to be positively correlated with baPWV (β = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.72, P < 0.001). When AIP was instead treated as a categorical variable divided into quartiles, this same relationship was observed (P for trend < 0.001). We additionally found AIP and baPWV had a stronger positive association in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) < 24 kg/m2 (P for interaction < 0.05).Conclusion: AIP and arterial stiffness were positively correlated in essential hypertension patients in China, especially in those with a BMI < 24 kg/m2.

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Impact of smoking history on the association between Eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and acute coronary syndrome: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Tobacco Induced Diseases ◽

10.18332/tid/84973 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (March) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Yuji Nishizaki ◽

Kazunori Shimada ◽

Shigemasa Tani ◽

Takayuki Ogawa ◽

Jiro Ando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoking History ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Acid Ratio

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Chest discomfort at night and risk of acute coronary syndrome: cross-sectional study of telephone conversations

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmaa005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 473-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Loes T Wouters ◽

Dorien L Zwart ◽

Daphne C Erkelens ◽

Noël S Cheung ◽

Esther de Groot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Risk Ratio ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chest Discomfort ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adjusted Risk ◽

Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background During telephone triage, it is difficult to assign adequate urgency to patients with chest discomfort. Considering the time of calling could be helpful. Objective To assess the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in certain time periods and whether sex influences this risk. Methods Cross-sectional study of 1655 recordings of telephone conversations of patients who called the out-of-hours services primary care (OHS-PC) for chest discomfort. Call time, patient characteristics, symptoms, medical history and urgency allocation of the triage conversations were collected. The final diagnosis of each call was retrieved at the patient’s general practice. Absolute numbers of patients with and without ACS were plotted and risks per hour were calculated. The risk ratio of ACS at night (0 to 9 am) was calculated by comparing to the risk at other hours and was adjusted for gender and age. Results The mean age of callers was 58.9 (standard deviation ±19.5) years, 55.5% were women and, in total, 199 (12.0%) had an ACS. The crude risk ratio for an ACS at night was 1.80 (confidence interval 1.39–2.34, P < 0.001): 2.33 (1.68–3.22, P < 0.001) for men and 1.29 (0.83–1.99, P = 0.256) for women. The adjusted risk ratio for ACS of all people at night was 1.82 (1.07–3.10, P = 0.039). Conclusions Patients calling the OHS-PC for chest discomfort between 0 and 9 am have almost twice a higher risk of ACS than those calling other hours, a phenomenon more evident in men than in women. At night, dispatching ambulances more ‘straightaway’ could be considered for these patients with chest discomfort. Trial number NTR7331.

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Frequency of CYP2C19*2 Allele in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study from Central Kerala, India

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/51247.15524 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christina Ann George ◽

Shibu Thadathil Sreedharan ◽

Smitha Kalarikkal Satheesan ◽

Sindhu Panakkaparambil Surendranath

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Government Medical College ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Therapy Failure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Variant Genotype ◽

Study Population

Introduction: Ischaemic Heart Diseases (IHD) are increasing at an alarming rate globally. Pharmacotherapy, the mainstay of management of IHD, has Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) at its crux. DAPT, comprising of clopidogrel and aspirin, is used often for 12 months in medically managed Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Clopidogrel being a prodrug, needs to be activated after ingestion, mainly by Cytochrome family of enzymes, for the desired pharmacological effects. Abnormal enzymes that convert clopidogrel to its active form can reduce the effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the enzymes involved, would predispose the patient to therapy failure and recurrence of the illness. This study aims at identifying the presence of a genetic variant associated with clopidogrel responsiveness in patients with ACS. Aim: To estimate the frequency of CYP2C19*2 allele in patients with ACS presenting to Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: Present study was a cross-sectional study done among 60 patients who presented to Government Medical College, Thrissur with ACS, between June 2018 to June 2019. Having obtained informed consent from the participants blood samples were collected in Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) tubes. Samples were used to look for presence of CYP2C19*2 allele by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Out of 60 patients 38 were males and 22 were females. Most common age group was 61-65 years. The frequency of CYP2C19*2 allele was 41% in the study population and the variant genotype (AA/AG) was present in 62%. Conclusion: The variant genotype was found to be present in a high frequency in the study population implying the high risk for therapy failure in the study population. This asserts the need to probe the matter further, as the gene is also implicated in the metabolism of several other drugs. The introduction of pharmacogenomic testing prior to initiation of therapy may be therefore recommended for better treatment outcome. However, to validate the same, further studies with larger sample size may be necessary.

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Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in Malaysia

Iranian Journal Of Health Sciences ◽

10.18502/jhs.v8i3.4310 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wan Nor Asyikeen Wan Adnan ◽

Siti Azrin Ab Hamid ◽

Zatul Rathiah Sulong ◽

Mohd Hashairi Fauzi

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Coronary Syndrome

Background and purpose: Linked with high mortality rate, depression is common among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The current study sought to identify the factors associated with depression among ACS patients in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 ACS patients in two Malaysian hospitals: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan and Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah (HSNZ), Terengganu. ACS patients were included if they were above 18 years of age, able to read and/or write in Bahasa Melayu language and had informed consent. Patients were excluded if they were intubated, had an altered mental status, mental retardation and had psychological problems prior to ACS. Depression in this study was defined as having dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest or involvement, anhedonia, and inertia among ACS patients. A questionnaire was distributed to all 400 ACS patients. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of ACS patients was 60.4 (11.3) years at Hospital USM and 61.2 (10.4) years at HSNZ. Nearly all of the depressive-ACS patients were Malay (79.4%), 85.9% were male, and 79.7% were married. Approximately 87.7% of depressive-ACS patients had ischemic heart disease, 87.1% had stroke, 83.4% had hyperlipidaemia, 81.8% had diabetes mellitus, and 80.7% had hypertension. The factors associated with depression were female gender (adjusted odd ratio (OR): 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 4.10, p<0.001) and ischemic heart disease (adjusted OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.25, p=0.002). Conclusion: The results showed that female gender and ischemic heart disease were the most significant associated factors of depression among ACS patients.

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