scholarly journals Frequency of CYP2C19*2 Allele in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study from Central Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ann George ◽  
Shibu Thadathil Sreedharan ◽  
Smitha Kalarikkal Satheesan ◽  
Sindhu Panakkaparambil Surendranath
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Variant Genotype ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: Ischaemic Heart Diseases (IHD) are increasing at an alarming rate globally. Pharmacotherapy, the mainstay of management of IHD, has Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) at its crux. DAPT, comprising of clopidogrel and aspirin, is used often for 12 months in medically managed Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Clopidogrel being a prodrug, needs to be activated after ingestion, mainly by Cytochrome family of enzymes, for the desired pharmacological effects. Abnormal enzymes that convert clopidogrel to its active form can reduce the effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the enzymes involved, would predispose the patient to therapy failure and recurrence of the illness. This study aims at identifying the presence of a genetic variant associated with clopidogrel responsiveness in patients with ACS. Aim: To estimate the frequency of CYP2C19*2 allele in patients with ACS presenting to Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: Present study was a cross-sectional study done among 60 patients who presented to Government Medical College, Thrissur with ACS, between June 2018 to June 2019. Having obtained informed consent from the participants blood samples were collected in Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) tubes. Samples were used to look for presence of CYP2C19*2 allele by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Out of 60 patients 38 were males and 22 were females. Most common age group was 61-65 years. The frequency of CYP2C19*2 allele was 41% in the study population and the variant genotype (AA/AG) was present in 62%. Conclusion: The variant genotype was found to be present in a high frequency in the study population implying the high risk for therapy failure in the study population. This asserts the need to probe the matter further, as the gene is also implicated in the metabolism of several other drugs. The introduction of pharmacogenomic testing prior to initiation of therapy may be therefore recommended for better treatment outcome. However, to validate the same, further studies with larger sample size may be necessary.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of government medical college in Agra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Khan I. Aqeel ◽  
S. K. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Background: Internet has become an essential part of one’s life in this modern era where technology is taking over the world. Risk of Internet addiction (IA) has increased in this year 2020, due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where most of time students are restricted to their homes thus relying on social media to be in touch with outer world, moreover surfing of web, as well as online learning practices increased their screen and internet exposure time. Hence, we conducted a study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of Government Medical College in Agra.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 medical undergraduate students of S.N. Medical College, Agra. A self-administered, pre-validated questionnaire was used and a total of 488 students responded. E-questionnaire consist of questions about demographic information and internet usage pattern, it also contains Young’s IA test scale to measure internet addiction. Data obtained was analyzed and inferences were drawn.Results: The prevalence of IA was 61.5%. Mean ± Standard deviation (SD) age of the participants was 22.27±1.59 years and 48.36% were males. IA was significantly associated with male students, higher family income group and higher year of academic course. IA was also statistically significant with higher number of years since using internet, greater screen and internet usage time.Conclusion: Internet addiction is a growing problem among students of professional courses especially in medical colleges. IA has psychological, physical, and social impact on student’s life. So, it is necessary to develop strategies for prevention of internet addiction.

scholarly journals Chest discomfort at night and risk of acute coronary syndrome: cross-sectional study of telephone conversations

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes T Wouters ◽  
Dorien L Zwart ◽  
Daphne C Erkelens ◽  
Noël S Cheung ◽  
Esther de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Discomfort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background During telephone triage, it is difficult to assign adequate urgency to patients with chest discomfort. Considering the time of calling could be helpful. Objective To assess the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in certain time periods and whether sex influences this risk. Methods Cross-sectional study of 1655 recordings of telephone conversations of patients who called the out-of-hours services primary care (OHS-PC) for chest discomfort. Call time, patient characteristics, symptoms, medical history and urgency allocation of the triage conversations were collected. The final diagnosis of each call was retrieved at the patient’s general practice. Absolute numbers of patients with and without ACS were plotted and risks per hour were calculated. The risk ratio of ACS at night (0 to 9 am) was calculated by comparing to the risk at other hours and was adjusted for gender and age. Results The mean age of callers was 58.9 (standard deviation ±19.5) years, 55.5% were women and, in total, 199 (12.0%) had an ACS. The crude risk ratio for an ACS at night was 1.80 (confidence interval 1.39–2.34, P < 0.001): 2.33 (1.68–3.22, P < 0.001) for men and 1.29 (0.83–1.99, P = 0.256) for women. The adjusted risk ratio for ACS of all people at night was 1.82 (1.07–3.10, P = 0.039). Conclusions Patients calling the OHS-PC for chest discomfort between 0 and 9 am have almost twice a higher risk of ACS than those calling other hours, a phenomenon more evident in men than in women. At night, dispatching ambulances more ‘straightaway’ could be considered for these patients with chest discomfort. Trial number NTR7331.

scholarly journals Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Nor Asyikeen Wan Adnan ◽  
Siti Azrin Ab Hamid ◽  
Zatul Rathiah Sulong ◽  
Mohd Hashairi Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Background and purpose: Linked with high mortality rate, depression is common among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The current study sought to identify the factors associated with depression among ACS patients in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 ACS patients in two Malaysian hospitals: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan and Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah (HSNZ), Terengganu. ACS patients were included if they were above 18 years of age, able to read and/or write in Bahasa Melayu language and had informed consent. Patients were excluded if they were intubated, had an altered mental status, mental retardation and had psychological problems prior to ACS. Depression in this study was defined as having dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest or involvement, anhedonia, and inertia among ACS patients. A questionnaire was distributed to all 400 ACS patients. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of ACS patients was 60.4 (11.3) years at Hospital USM and 61.2 (10.4) years at HSNZ. Nearly all of the depressive-ACS patients were Malay (79.4%), 85.9% were male, and 79.7% were married. Approximately 87.7% of depressive-ACS patients had ischemic heart disease, 87.1% had stroke, 83.4% had hyperlipidaemia, 81.8% had diabetes mellitus, and 80.7% had hypertension. The factors associated with depression were female gender (adjusted odd ratio (OR): 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 4.10, p<0.001) and ischemic heart disease (adjusted OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.25, p=0.002). Conclusion: The results showed that female gender and ischemic heart disease were the most significant associated factors of depression among ACS patients.

scholarly journals A study on sexual behaviour practiced by the adolescent and its source of inspiration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Ashok Maaan ◽  
Manoj K. Yadav ◽  
S. S. Chaudhary ◽  
Manisha .
Keyword(s):  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Study Population

Background: Adolescence is a developmental period of rapid physical, psychological, sociocultural, and cognitive changes characterized by efforts to confront and surmount challenges and to establish a sense of identity and autonomy. Objective was to study the sexual behavior practiced by the adolescent and its source of inspiration.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Community Medicine, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad and Urban area of district Ghaziabad. 750 Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years studying in the selected schools of urban Ghaziabad were included for the study. The period of study was from November 2011 to October 2012.Results: 26.8% of the students were sexually active. Boys were sexually more active than girls (34.7% vs. 18.9%). Condom use was present in 51.2% of the sexually active students. Nearly half (52.3%) of sexually active males had sex under the influence of pornography, almost one-third (32.3%) had sex merely because of peer pressure and 15.4% did it for curiosity and fun. Among girls who experienced sex 70.4% succumbed to peer pressure and 23.9% under the influence of pornography. In the present study more boys (77.9%) than girls (54.1%) had knowledge about reproductive health issues and this difference between two sexes were found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: The present health status of the study population has the potential possibility of leading to increased health problems for this vulnerable population, in future.

scholarly journals An Observational Cross-sectional Study on Dermatological Co-morbidities in Patients with Hemiplegia Secondary to Cerebral Stroke in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Eastern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhransu Sekhar Jena ◽  
Binayak Chandra Dwari ◽  
Roopam Panda ◽  
Nibedita Patro
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Neurological Insult

Introduction: Hemiplegia due to cerebral stroke is associated with various dermatological co-morbidities, arising out of motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. Aim: To find out the different dermatological conditions prevalent in patients of hemiplegia secondary to cerebral stroke. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology in collaboration with the Department of Dermatology at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha from July 2017 to June 2020. Patients with hemiplegia of more than one month duration were included. The skin findings present before the neurological insult and patients with systemic conditions like atopic dermatitis, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders causing skin changes were excluded. Relevant tests for diagnostic confirmation of the skin lesions were done wherever needed. The software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Study included 411 patients of cerebral stroke. A total of 382 (92.9%) patients were found to have dermatological manifestation. The male:female ratio in the study population was 2.6:1. A total of 549 and 128 skin conditions were diagnosed in the paralysed and non paralysed limbs, respectively. The common dermatological conditions diagnosed in the affected limbs were, xerosis {371 (97.12%)}, tinea corporis/cruris {61 (15.97%)}, onychomycosis {31 (8.12%)}, tinea pedis {28 (7.33%)} and nail dystrophy abnormalities {27 (7.07%)} patients. Conclusion: Knowledge of various dermatological conditions associated with hemiplegia helps in early intervention and better management during rehabilitation phase of patients with hemiplegia.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Patients With Onset of Acute Coronary Syndrome During Statin Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Akuzawa ◽  
Takashi Hatori ◽  
Kunihiko Imai ◽  
Yonosuke Kitahara ◽  
Masahiko Kurabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coronary Syndrome
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document