Polysaccharides from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves: Impacts of extraction methods on their physicochemical characteristics and biological activities

Tea polysaccharides (TPSs) are one of the main bioactive constituents of tea with various biological activities such as hypoglycemic effect, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory. The bioactivities of TPSs are directly associated with their structures such as chemical composition, molecular weight, glycosidic linkages, and conformation among others. To study the relationship between the structures of TPSs and their bioactivities, it is essential to elucidate the structure of TPSs, particularly the fine structures. Due to the vast variation nature of monosaccharide units and their connections, the structure of TPSs is extremely complex, which is also affected by several major factors including tea species, processing technologies of tea and isolation methods of TPSs. As a result of the complexity, there are few studies on their fine structures and chain conformation. In the present review, we aim to provide a detailed summary of the multiple factors influencing the characteristics of TPS chemical structures such as variations of tea species, degree of fermentation, and preparation methods among others as well as their applications. The main aspects of understanding the structural difference of TPSs and influencing factors are to assist the study of the structure and bioactivity relationship and ultimately, to control the production of the targeted TPSs with the most desired biological activity.

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Phytochemical content and potential health applications of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] nutshell

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026622666220105104355 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Nohemí del C. Reyes-Vázquez ◽

Laura A. de la Rosa ◽

Juan Luis Morales-Landa ◽

Jorge Alberto García-Fajardo ◽

Miguel Ángel García-Cruz

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

New Drugs ◽

Potential Health ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

Pecan Nutshell

Background: The pecan nutshell contains phytochemicals with various biological activities that are potentially useful in the prevention or treatment of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and metabolic imbalances associated with heart diseases. Objective: To update this topic by means of a literature review and include those that contribute to the knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activities of pecan nutshell, particularly of those related to the therapeutic potential against some chronic degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. Method: Exhaustive and detailed review of the existing literature using electronic databases. Conclusion: The pecan nutshell is a promising natural product with pharmaceutical uses in various diseases. However, additional research related to the assessment of efficient extraction methods and characterization, particularly the evaluation of the mechanisms of action in new in vivo models, is necessary to confirm these findings and development of new drugs with therapeutic use.

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Physicochemical characteristics and in vitro biological activities of polysaccharides derived from raw garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs via three-phase partitioning combined with gradient ethanol precipitation method

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 339 ◽

pp. 128081

Author(s):

Jing-Kun Yan ◽

Chun Wang ◽

Yun-Bo Yu ◽

Li-Xia Wu ◽

Ting-Ting Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allium Sativum ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Phase Partitioning ◽

Ethanol Precipitation ◽

Three Phase

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Chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oil from Mentha longifolia: effects of different extraction methods

International Journal of Food Properties ◽

10.1080/10942912.2020.1833035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1951-1960

Author(s):

Xiaohui Bai ◽

Aoken Aimila ◽

Nurbolat Aidarhan ◽

Xiaomei Duan ◽

Maitinuer Maiwulanjiang

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Mentha Longifolia

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Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Extracts from Different Parts of Colchicum Szovitsii Subsp. Szovitsii

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8120632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriele Rocchetti ◽

Biancamaria Senizza ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Murat Ali Okur ◽

Domenico Montesano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Orthogonal Projections ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Latent Structures

Like other members of the Colchicum genus, C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii is also of medicinal importance in Turkish traditional medicine. However, its biological properties have not been fully investigated. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, root and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods. In addition, a comprehensive (poly)-phenolic and alkaloid profiling of the different extracts was undertaken. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 195 polyphenols and 87 alkaloids. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (83 compounds), whilst colchicine and 2-demethylcolchicine were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. However, our findings showed that C. szovitsii leaf extracts were a superior source of both total polyphenols and total alkaloids (being, on average 24.00 and 2.50 mg/g, respectively). Overall, methanolic leaf extracts showed the highest (p < 0.05) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 109.52 mgTE/g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (on average 90.98 mgTE/g). Interestingly, each C. szovitsii methanolic extract was more active than the water extracts when considering enzymatic inhibition such as against tyrosinase, glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between polyphenols/alkaloids and the biological activities determined. Multivariate statistics based on supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Therefore, this is the first detailed evidence showing that C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii might provide beneficial effects against oxidative stress and the associated chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms of action need to be further investigated.

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Apple Pomace as Potential Source of Natural Active Compounds

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0043-111898 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (12/13) ◽

pp. 994-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Katharina Waldbauer ◽

Ruxandra McKinnon ◽

Brigitte Kopp

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Low Cost ◽

Waste Product ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Apple Industry ◽

Antiviral Effects

AbstractApple pomace is a waste product of the apple manufacturing industry that has been in the focus of life sciences as it represents a low-cost source of fruit-derived compounds. High fruit consumption is associated with beneficial health effects, and therefore, apple pomace and its constituents raise therapeutic interest. The present work reviews (i) the chemical constituents of apple pomace, (ii) optimized extraction methods of apple pomace compounds, and (iii) biological activities of apple pomace. Current evidence of apple pomace influence on digestion and metabolism, cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis, diabetes, and sex hormones is summarized. Furthermore, studies regarding its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antibacterial and antiviral effects are presented. The review concludes that apple pomace is an underutilized waste product of the apple industry with the potential of being processed for its nutritional and pharmaceutical value.

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