Apple Pomace as Potential Source of Natural Active Compounds

AbstractApple pomace is a waste product of the apple manufacturing industry that has been in the focus of life sciences as it represents a low-cost source of fruit-derived compounds. High fruit consumption is associated with beneficial health effects, and therefore, apple pomace and its constituents raise therapeutic interest. The present work reviews (i) the chemical constituents of apple pomace, (ii) optimized extraction methods of apple pomace compounds, and (iii) biological activities of apple pomace. Current evidence of apple pomace influence on digestion and metabolism, cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis, diabetes, and sex hormones is summarized. Furthermore, studies regarding its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antibacterial and antiviral effects are presented. The review concludes that apple pomace is an underutilized waste product of the apple industry with the potential of being processed for its nutritional and pharmaceutical value.

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Chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oil from Mentha longifolia: effects of different extraction methods

International Journal of Food Properties ◽

10.1080/10942912.2020.1833035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1951-1960

Author(s):

Xiaohui Bai ◽

Aoken Aimila ◽

Nurbolat Aidarhan ◽

Xiaomei Duan ◽

Maitinuer Maiwulanjiang

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Mentha Longifolia

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Valorization of Bio-Residues from the Processing of Main Portuguese Fruit Crops: From Discarded Waste to Health Promoting Compounds

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2624

Author(s):

Liege A. Pascoalino ◽

Filipa S. Reis ◽

Miguel A. Prieto ◽

João C. M. Barreira ◽

Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Food Processing ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Low Cost ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Health Promoting

Food processing generates a large amount of bio-residues, which have become the focus of different studies aimed at valorizing this low-cost source of bioactive compounds. High fruit consumption is associated with beneficial health effects and, therefore, bio-waste and its constituents arouse therapeutic interest. The present work focuses on the main Portuguese fruit crops and revises (i) the chemical constituents of apple, orange, and pear pomace as potential sources of functional/bioactive compounds; (ii) the bioactive evidence and potential therapeutic use of bio-waste generated in the processing of the main Portuguese fruit crops; and (iii) potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. The current evidence of the effect of these bio-residues as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents is also summarized. Conclusions of the revised data are that these bio-wastes hold great potential to be employed in specific nutritional and pharmaceutical applications.

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Prebiotic Impacts of Soybean Residue (Okara) on Eubiosis/Dysbiosis Condition of the Gut and the Possible Effects on Liver and Kidney Functions

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

Mohammed Sharif Swallah ◽

Hongliang Fan ◽

Sainan Wang ◽

Hansong Yu ◽

Chunhong Piao

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Low Cost ◽

Waste Product ◽

Raw Material ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Intestinal Microbes ◽

Soybean Residue ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Kidney Functions

Okara is a white-yellow fibrous residue consisting of the insoluble fraction of the soybean seeds remaining after extraction of the aqueous fraction during the production of tofu and soymilk, and is generally considered a waste product. It is packed with a significant number of proteins, isoflavones, soluble and insoluble fibers, soyasaponins, and other mineral elements, which are all attributed with health merits. With the increasing production of soy beverages, huge quantities of this by-product are produced annually, which poses significant disposal problems and financial issues for producers. Extensive studies have been done on the biological activities, nutritional values, and chemical composition of okara as well as its potential utilization. Owing to its peculiar rich fiber composition and low cost of production, okara might be potentially useful in the food industry as a functional ingredient or good raw material and could be used as a dietary supplement to prevent varied ailments such as prevention of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, as well as to stimulate the growth of intestinal microbes and production of microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites), since gut dysbiosis (imbalanced microbiota) has been implicated in the progression of several complex diseases. This review seeks to compile scientific research on the bioactive compounds in soybean residue (okara) and discuss the possible prebiotic impact of this fiber-rich residue as a functional diet on eubiosis/dysbiosis condition of the gut, as well as the consequential influence on liver and kidney functions, to facilitate a detailed knowledge base for further exploration, implementation, and development.

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The Potential Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in the Drug Development of Phytomedicine

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2019/v7i130093 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. A. Tembe-Fokunang ◽

Fokunang Charles ◽

Nubia Kaba ◽

Gatsing Donatien ◽

Agbor Michael ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Low Cost ◽

Local Population ◽

Herbal Product ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Active Chemical ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Insight Into

An understanding of the chemistry of the secondary metabolites of neem plant (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is essential and important due to its medicinal properties. Several studies have been done on the biological and pharmacological activities with a considerable progress made with respect to its biological activity and medicinal uses. The neem safety is known from its long communal ethno-pharmacological uses as a category one herbal product. It is readily available with great access to the local population at low cost and environmentally friendly. This paper attempts to give an insight into the biological activities of some of the compounds isolated, pharmacological actions of the extract, clinical studies and medicinal applications along with their safety evaluations. Issues on the active chemical constituents of various formulations, commercially available neem products, are also mentioned along with their respective application.

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Studies on the chemical constituents and their biological activities of the fruit of Garcinia multiflora

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1264654 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

Author(s):

JJ Chen ◽

CW Ting ◽

MH Yen ◽

TL Hwang ◽

C Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents

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Therapeutic Aspects of Squill; An Evidence-Based Review

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163816666190125154745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khadije Saket ◽

Jalil T. Afshari ◽

Ehsan Saburi ◽

Mahdi Yousefi ◽

Roshanak Salari

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Low Cost ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Helminthic Infections ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine ◽

Healing Of Wounds ◽

Bioactive Agents

From ancient times, medicinal plants have been usually utilized to treat many disorders, but today, interest in these herbs is again aroused, because of their fewer side effects and low-cost. In traditional medicine, for many diseases, various medicinal herbs have been suggested so far. Drimia maritime, also named squill, is an important medicinal plant for the treatment of many diseases, especially respiratory diseases. In the current evidence-based study, we conducted a review of the general characteristics, ingredients, administration form, and side effects of squill in traditional medicine. For this purpose, traditional Persian medicine literatures and electronic databases were examined including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Many compounds are isolated from D.maritima, including scillaren, scillirubroside, scillarenin, and bufadienolide glycosides. Oxymel is the most commonly used form of squill for various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Besides, squill has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular, digestive, and dermatological disorders, it is also used against various cancer cells for its antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Moreover, there is relatively reliable evidence of its benefits for bacterial and helminthic infections, rheumatism, edema, gout, abortion induction, healing of wounds and urine induction. It seems that supplementary studies are required to explore the bioactive agents and their effective mechanisms.

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Fibrinolytic, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Potentialities of Extracts and Chemical Constituents of Manglicolous Lichen, Graphis ajarekarii Patw. & C. R. Kulk

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315508666180604101813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula ◽

Girija Sastry Vedula

Keyword(s):

Protein Denaturation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Fibrin Clot ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Paw Oedema ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Rat Paw ◽

Rat Paw Oedema

Background: Lichens which are betide to mangroves are termed as Manglicolous Lichens (ML). As these ML are habituated under stress conditions, they are screened for unique metabolites and biological activities. Objective: The study aimed to establish the chemical and biological profile of ML, Graphis ajarekarii. Methods: The Ethyl Acetate Extract of G. ajarekarii (EAE) was subjected to chromatographic techniques and the obtained isolates were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The hydroalcoholic extract of G. ajarekarii (AE), EAE, isolates and Hydroalcoholic Extract of host (HE) were evaluated for fibrinolytic (fibrin clot method), in vitro (protein denaturation method) and in vivo (formalin-induced rat paw oedema assay), anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) activities. Results: Chemical investigation of the EAE led to the isolation of two known compounds namely atranorin (1) and ribenone (2), which were confirmed by spectral data. The AE and EAE gradually lysed the fibrin clot with 94.54 and 65.07%, respectively, at 24 h. The AE inhibited protein denaturation of about 88.06%, while the standard (Indomethacin) with 93.62%. Similarly, the in vivo antiinflammatory analysis of AE (200 mg/mL) showed potent reduction of rat paw oedema than the standard, whereas EAE and 1 depicted moderate depletion. In addition, the AE revealed prominence inhibition on MCF-7, DU145 and K-562 with IC50 values of 69.5, 42.5 and 38 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the HE exhibited mild inhibitory profile against fibrin clot, inflammation and cancer. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that the G. ajarekarii has an aptitude to act against coagulation, inflammation and cancer cells.

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Chemical Constituents Isolated from Rhododendron ungernii with Antioxidant Profile

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315508666181024114812 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emine Dede ◽

Nusret Genc ◽

Mahfuz Elmastas ◽

Huseyin Aksit ◽

Ramazan Erenler

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Background: Plant in Rhododendron genus that contains phenolic compounds has been used in traditional medicine and revealed considerable biological activities. Objective: Isolation and identification of antioxidant natural products from Rhododendron ungernii. Methods: Rhododendron ungernii Trautv. flowers were collected and dried in shade. The dried flowers were extracted with methanol for 3 days. The solvent was removed by reduced pressure to yield the extract which was subjected to column chromatography (Sephadex LH-20, C18 reversed phase column) to isolate catechin-7-O-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2), quercetin-3-O- β-xyloside (3), farrerol (4), myricetin (5), and quercetin (6). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. DPPH scavenging effect, ABTS+ scavenging activity, and reducing power (FRAP) were performed for antioxidant assays of isolated natural compounds. Results: Isolated flavonoids displayed the outstanding antioxidant activities. Catechin-7-O-glucoside (1) and quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2) (IC50, 3.66 µg/mL) had the most DPPH• scavenging effect among the compounds. The highest ABTS•+ scavenging activity (IC50, 1.41 µg/mL) and reducing power effect (6.05 mmol TE/g comp) were observed for myricetin (5). Conclusion: R. ungernii extract and isolated compounds could be a promising antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Natural products isolated from Casimiroa

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 778-797

Author(s):

Khun Nay Win Tun ◽

Nanik Siti Aminah ◽

Alfinda Novi Kristanti ◽

Hnin Thanda Aung ◽

Yoshiaki Takaya

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Spectral Data ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Quinoline Alkaloids

AbstractAbout 140 genera and more than 1,600 species belong to the Rutaceae family. They grow in temperate and tropical zones on both hemispheres, as trees, shrubs, and herbs. Casimiroa is one of the genera constituting 13 species, most of which are found in tropical and subtropical regions. Many chemical constituents have been derived from this genus, including quinoline alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, and N-benzoyltyramide derivatives. This article reviews different studies carried out on aromatic compounds of genus Casimiroa; their biological activities; the different skeletons of coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and others; and their characteristic NMR spectral data.

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