scholarly journals Surveillance of bloodstream infection and antibiotic resistance in Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2007–2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 110-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Phe ◽  
E. Vlieghe ◽  
K. Lim ◽  
C. Veng ◽  
S. Thai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Phnom Penh

The Benefits and Harms of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J Langford ◽  
Kevin A Brown ◽  
Christina Diong ◽  
Alex Marchand-Austin ◽  
Kwaku Adomako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

Abstract Background The role of antibiotics in preventing urinary tract infection (UTI) in older adults is unknown. We sought to quantify the benefits and risks of antibiotic prophylaxis among older adults. Methods We conducted a matched cohort study comparing older adults (≥66 years) receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, defined as antibiotic treatment for ≥30 days starting within 30 days of a positive culture, with patients with positive urine cultures who received antibiotic treatment but did not receive prophylaxis. We matched each prophylaxis recipient to 10 nonrecipients based on organism, number of positive cultures, and propensity score. Outcomes included (1) emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization for UTI, sepsis, or bloodstream infection within 1 year; (2) acquisition of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract pathogens; and (3) antibiotic-related complications. Results Overall, 4.7% (151/3190) of UTI prophylaxis patients and 3.6% (n = 1092/30 542) of controls required an ED visit or hospitalization for UTI, sepsis, or bloodstream infection (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.57). Acquisition of antibiotic resistance to any urinary antibiotic (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18–1.44) and to the specific prophylaxis agent (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.80–2.24) was higher in patients receiving prophylaxis. While the overall risk of antibiotic-related complications was similar between groups (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, .94–1.22), the risk of Clostridioides  difficile and general medication adverse events was higher in prophylaxis recipients (HR [95% CI], 1.56 [1.05–2.23] and 1.62 [1.11–2.29], respectively). Conclusions Among older adults with UTI, the harms of long-term antibiotic prophylaxis may outweigh their benefits.

First National Workshop on Antibiotic Resistance in Cambodia: Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 16–18 November 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vlieghe ◽  
S. Sary ◽  
K. Lim ◽  
C. Sivuthy ◽  
T. Phe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
National Workshop

scholarly journals Feasibility of informing syndrome-level empiric antibiotic recommendations using publicly available antibiotic resistance datasets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Quentin J. Leclerc ◽  
Nichola R. Naylor ◽  
Alexander M. Aiken ◽  
Francesc Coll ◽  
Gwenan M. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
National Level ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Bacterial Aetiology ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Common Infection

Background: Antibiotics are often prescribed empirically to treat infection syndromes before causative bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics are identified. Guidelines on empiric antibiotic prescribing are key to effective treatment of infection syndromes, and need to be informed by likely bacterial aetiology and antibiotic resistance patterns. We aimed to create a clinically-relevant composite index of antibiotic resistance for common infection syndromes to inform recommendations at the national level. Methods: To create our index, we used open-access antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance datasets, including the ECDC Surveillance Atlas, CDDEP ResistanceMap, WHO GLASS and the newly-available Pfizer ATLAS dataset. We integrated these with data on aetiology of common infection syndromes, existing empiric prescribing guidelines, and pricing and availability of antibiotics. Results:  The ATLAS dataset covered many more bacterial species (287) and antibiotics (52) than other datasets (ranges = 8-11 and 16-32 respectively), but had a similar number of samples per country per year. Using these data, we were able to make empiric prescribing recommendations for bloodstream infection, pneumonia and cellulitis/skin abscess in up to 44 countries. There was insufficient data to make national-level recommendations for the other six syndromes investigated. Results are presented in an interactive web app, where users can visualise underlying resistance proportions to first-line empiric antibiotics for infection syndromes and countries of interest. Conclusions: We found that whilst the creation of a composite resistance index for empiric antibiotic therapy was technically feasible, the ATLAS dataset in its current form can only inform on a limited number of infection syndromes. Other open-access AMR surveillance datasets are largely limited to bloodstream infection specimens and cannot directly inform treatment of other syndromes. With improving availability of international AMR data and better understanding of infection aetiology, this approach may prove useful for informing empiric prescribing decisions in settings with limited local AMR surveillance data

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity analysis of bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in the north of Henan province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchao Wang ◽  
Shanmei Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Wang ◽  
Youhua Yuan ◽  
Junzheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Drug Sensitivity Test

Objectives To analyze clinical characteristics of bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the north of Henan province, provide the basis for rational selection of antimicrobial drugs. Methods Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 195 patients with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2017 in the north of Henan Province, Phoenix100 blood culture and identification system were used for bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test was used for antibiotic resistance detection, and WHONET 5.6 software was used for data analysis of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic sensitivity; the medical history of patients, antibiotic use and laboratory examination results of 195 cases of patients with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae were also retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae were mainly distributed in ICU, surgical department and Internal medicine department. There were 110 patients with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae accompanied with underlying diseases, accounting for 56.41% in 195 patients with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 87 (87/110, 77.3%) patients accompanied with hypertension and diabetes. Drug sensitivity test showed that in 195 patients with bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, the top three antibiotics of the drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae were cefazolin (74%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.1%), ampicillin /sulbactam (68.5%); the lower three antibiotics of drug resistance rate were imipenem (52%), cefepime (53%) and amikacin (33%); there were 81 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae produced ESBLs, accounting for 41.53% in 195 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The drug resistance rate of ESBLs positive strains was significantly higher than that of ESBL negative strains. It should be pointed out that the resistance of ESBLs positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cefazole reached 100%, followed by gentamicin (71.4%), ciprofloxacin (70.4%) and levofloxacin (69.1%); The resistance of ESBLs negative strains to cefazole was 18.2%, followed by gentamicin (3.5%), ciprofloxacin (3.0%) and levofloxacin (19.3%). Conclusions The number of total bacteria isolated from departments with large number of patients is relatively large, and the number of pneumonia patients caused by Klebsiella is also increased; ESBLs positive strains in this hospital are still the main reasons for the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, reducing the antibiotics use of cefazol, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can effectively reduce the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the hospital. At the same time, we should pay attention to some contraindications for treating hypertension, diabetes drugs and antibiotics; the clinical staff should pay attention to the timely blood culture test, rational drug use can reduce the emergence of drug-resistant strains and prevent the outbreak of nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Sequential Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococcal Bloodstream Isolates over 25 Years

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3676-3678 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Murdoch ◽  
Stanley Mirrett ◽  
Lizzie J. Harrell ◽  
Janet S. Monahan ◽  
L. Barth Reller
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Enterococcal Species ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT We determined the antibiotic susceptibilities of 1,785 enterococcal bloodstream isolates collected over 25 years. Antibiotic resistance emerged at a greater rate in Enterococcus faecium than in other enterococcal species, and E. faecium isolates became proportionally more common over time. Our findings confirm the pattern of emerging antibiotic resistance among enterococci and highlight the increasing importance of E. faecium as a cause of bloodstream infection.

scholarly journals Bloodstream Infection among Adults in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Key Pathogens and Resistance Patterns

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e59775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika R. Vlieghe ◽  
Thong Phe ◽  
Birgit De Smet ◽  
Heng Chhun Veng ◽  
Chun Kham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Resistance Patterns

scholarly journals Ten-Year Changes in Bloodstream Infection With Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex in Intensive Care Units in Eastern China: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Meng ◽  
Jintao Fu ◽  
Yue Zheng ◽  
Weidong Qin ◽  
Hongna Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance

Background: There is little evidence on the changing prevalence, microbiological profile, and outcome of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC)-caused bloodstream infection (ABCBSI) specified in intensive care units (ICUs) in long-term studies, especially in China.Objective: We aimed to investigate changes in incidence, antibiotic resistance, therapy, and prognosis of ABCBSI in ICUs in eastern China during 2009–2018.Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted, and microbiological and clinical data for patients with ABCBSI acquired in nine adult ICUs in eastern China from 2009 to 2018.Results: A total of 202 cases were enrolled. For the years 2009–2010, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018, the incidence of ABCBSI increased significantly, as did the percentage of pan-drug-resistant isolates and resistant rates to most of antimicrobial agents; the percentage of drug-sensitive isolates decreased (all P < 0.05). The frequency of treatment with carbapenems and tigecycline increased, and that of cephalosporins decreased. Compared with those in the first years (2009–2012), ABCBSI patients in the lattermost years (2017–2018) were less often treated with appropriate empirical therapy, more often underwent pneumonia-related ABCBSI and mechanical ventilation support, and had higher 28-day mortality rates. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that increase in the degree of ABC antibiotics resistance, pneumonia-related ABCBSI, and septic shock were risk factors of 28-day mortality and associated with significant lower survival days.Conclusions: The past decade has witnessed a marked increase in the incidence of ABCBSI and in antibiotic resistance, with increasing pneumonia-related infections and worrisome mortality in ICUs in China. Controlling increasing resistance and preventing nosocomial pneumonia may play important roles in combatting these infections.

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