Quantitative response of subjective visual recognition to fog concentration attenuation based on image standard deviation

Abstract Cognitive inhibition is part of executive functions. When it exercises control over memory processes, it has the function of regulating the accessibility of memories and allows interference to be resolved. The impairment of its functioning has been related to the presence of forgetfulness of relevant information. In this research, we study the functioning of cognitive memory inhibition processes in people with intellectual disabilities in tasks of delayed visual recognition and analyze the influence of age. For this purpose, 36 people with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44, standard deviation = 7.54, 50% females) and 36 people with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55, standard deviation = 7.52, 50% females) participated. The results reflected a lower effectiveness in the group of people with Down syndrome, F(1, 68) = 159.09, p < .001, $ {\upeta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $ = .70. The people in the group with Down syndrome had difficulties in interference resolution, both in the subgroup of young people (p = .014, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $ = 0.88) and in the subgroup of older people (p = .022, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $ = 0.67). The impairment of cognitive inhibition in people with Down syndrome warrants the need to develop specific intervention programs for this process.

Download Full-text

Nucleic Acid Molecules Prepared by Monolayer Techniques

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094140 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 178-179

Author(s):

Dimitrij Lang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Nucleic Acid ◽

Cytochrome C ◽

Nucleic Acids ◽

Contour Length ◽

Sample Standard Deviation ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Length Measurements ◽

Protein Monolayer

The success of the protein monolayer technique for electron microscopy of individual DNA molecules is based on the prevention of aggregation and orientation of the molecules during drying on specimen grids. DNA adsorbs first to a surface-denatured, insoluble cytochrome c monolayer which is then transferred to grids, without major distortion, by touching. Fig. 1 shows three basic procedures which, modified or not, permit the study of various important properties of nucleic acids, either in concert with other methods or exclusively:1) Molecular weights relative to DNA standards as well as number distributions of molecular weights can be obtained from contour length measurements with a sample standard deviation between 1 and 4%.

Download Full-text

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 429-435

Author(s):

Patricia C. Mancini ◽

Richard S. Tyler ◽

Hyung Jin Jun ◽

Tang-Chuan Wang ◽

Helena Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Trained Subjects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Download Full-text

Bedingungen für den Erfolg übergewichtiger und adipöser Kinder in einem ambulanten Programm zur Gewichtsreduktion durch Veränderungen des Lebensstils

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000059 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wilfried Pott ◽

Georg Fröhlich ◽

Özgür Albayrak ◽

Johannes Hebebrand ◽

Ursula Pauli-Pott

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Body Mass ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Psychische Belastung ◽

Deviation Score ◽

Höheres Alter

Fragestellung: Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich erfolgreiche Teilnehmer eines ambulanten familienzentrierten Gewichtskontrollprogramms durch spezifische familiäre und psychologische Charakteristiken auszeichnen. Einbezogen wurden die psychosoziale Risikobelastung der Familie, Depressivität und Bindungsstil der Hauptbezugsperson, der Body mass index (BMI) und der BMI-Standardabweichungswert («Standard deviation score», SDS) des teilnehmenden Kindes und der Familienmitglieder sowie die individuelle psychische Belastung des teilnehmenden Kindes. Methodik: Die Daten wurden per Interview und Fragebogen vor dem Behandlungsbeginn erhoben. Von 136 in das Programm aufgenommenen übergewichtigen und adipösen Kindern zwischen 7 und 15 Jahren beendeten 116 das 12-monatige Interventionsprogramm. Von diesen zeigten 100 (85,3 %) eine Reduktion des BMI-SDS und 79 (68.1 %) eine mehr als 5 %ige Reduktion des BMI-SDS. Diese «erfolgreichen» Kinder wurden mit 56 «nicht erfolgreichen» (Abbrecher und Kinder mit einer 5 %igen oder geringeren Reduktion des BMI-SDS) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Nicht erfolgreiche Kinder unterschieden sich von den erfolgreichen durch ein höheres Alter, eine höhere psychosoziale Risikobelastung, Depressivität und einen vermeidenden Bindungsstil der Mutter sowie durch das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister. In einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse zeigten sich mütterliche Depressivität und das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister als beste und voneinander unabhängige Prädiktoren. Schlussfolgerungen: Um die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Familien zu erfüllen und einen Misserfolg zu verhindern, sollten zusätzliche Programmbausteine zur spezifischen Unterstützung von Jugendlichen mit adipösen Geschwistern und Müttern mit Depressionen und vermeidenden Bindungsstil entwickelt werden. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Module muss dann in weiteren Studien überprüft werden.

Download Full-text

Do You Want to See the Tree? Ignore the Forest

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000240 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 205-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nicolas Poirel ◽

Claire Sara Krakowski ◽

Sabrina Sayah ◽

Arlette Pineau ◽

Olivier Houdé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Recognition ◽

Local Level ◽

Local Information ◽

Visual Environment ◽

Global Information ◽

Focus Attention ◽

Global Level ◽

Hierarchical Stimuli ◽

Priming Paradigm ◽

The One

The visual environment consists of global structures (e.g., a forest) made up of local parts (e.g., trees). When compound stimuli are presented (e.g., large global letters composed of arrangements of small local letters), the global unattended information slows responses to local targets. Using a negative priming paradigm, we investigated whether inhibition is required to process hierarchical stimuli when information at the local level is in conflict with the one at the global level. The results show that when local and global information is in conflict, global information must be inhibited to process local information, but that the reverse is not true. This finding has potential direct implications for brain models of visual recognition, by suggesting that when local information is conflicting with global information, inhibitory control reduces feedback activity from global information (e.g., inhibits the forest) which allows the visual system to process local information (e.g., to focus attention on a particular tree).

Download Full-text