Functioning of Cognitive Memory Inhibition Processes in People with Down Syndrome: An Empirical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Palomino ◽  
María Sotillo ◽  
José María López-Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Cognitive Inhibition ◽  
The People ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Memory

Abstract Cognitive inhibition is part of executive functions. When it exercises control over memory processes, it has the function of regulating the accessibility of memories and allows interference to be resolved. The impairment of its functioning has been related to the presence of forgetfulness of relevant information. In this research, we study the functioning of cognitive memory inhibition processes in people with intellectual disabilities in tasks of delayed visual recognition and analyze the influence of age. For this purpose, 36 people with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44, standard deviation = 7.54, 50% females) and 36 people with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55, standard deviation = 7.52, 50% females) participated. The results reflected a lower effectiveness in the group of people with Down syndrome, F(1, 68) = 159.09, p < .001, $ {\upeta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $ = .70. The people in the group with Down syndrome had difficulties in interference resolution, both in the subgroup of young people (p = .014, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $ = 0.88) and in the subgroup of older people (p = .022, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $ = 0.67). The impairment of cognitive inhibition in people with Down syndrome warrants the need to develop specific intervention programs for this process.

scholarly journals Operation of cognitive memory inhibition in adults with Down syndrome: Effects of maintenance load and material

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0225009
Author(s):  
Elena Palomino ◽  
José María López-Frutos ◽  
María Sotillo
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
Cognitive Memory

scholarly journals Sexual Health in Spanish People with Intellectual Disability: the Impact of the Lockdown due to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolores Gil-Llario ◽  
Irene Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Vicente Morell-Mengual ◽  
Beatriz Gil-Juliá ◽  
Rafael Ballester-Arnal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The People ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The lockdown due to COVID-19 affected the sexual health of the people with intellectual disabilities by differentially modifying the frequency and characteristics of people’s sexual activity depending on whether or not they lived with a partner during this period. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent to which the sexual behavior of people with intellectual disabilities (with and without a partner) was affected during the lockdown. Methods The sample consisted of 73 people with intellectual disabilities between 21 and 63 years old (M = 39.63; SD = 10.11). The variables analyzed were the physical, social, and technological environment during the lockdown, sexual appetite, sexual behavior, online sexual activity, and sexual abuse. The data were collected between the months of May and June of 2020. Results The lockdown increased the sexual appetite of a third of the sample (38%), especially the youngest participants. Sexual activity focused on autoeroticism and online behavior, particularly sending nude images of oneself (88%) and viewing pornography (83.6%). Rates of sexual abuse during this period were relatively high (6.8%). Conclusions The sexual activity of people with ID was important during the lockdown, and they had to adapt to the circumstances of isolation in a similar way to the general population. Technological improvements in terms of devices and connection quality at home allowed their sexual behavior to be reoriented, opening the door to new risks for the sexual health of people with ID. Policy Implications Cybersex and the increase in sexual abuse due to confinement are aspects that should be included in programs to improve the sexual health of this group.

scholarly journals Investigating Parental Beliefs Concerning Facilitators and Barriers to the Physical Activity in Down Syndrome and Typical Development

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401668779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Alesi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers

Family is a crucial factor to determine the amount, the duration, and the complexity of children’s sport activities. This study aims at comparing the beliefs concerning the involvement in sport activities among parents of children with Down syndrome (DS) and parents of typically developing children (TDC). A phenomenological theoretical framework was adopted to realize semistructured interviews with the parents. The participants were 35 parents: 19 with children and adolescents with DS and 16 with TDC. The main facilitation/barrier themes identified by the parents of children with DS were the family and the expert at Adapted Physical Activity (APA) instructors. Conversely, the parents of TDC identified social factors related to family as the only barrier. One of the issues that emerge from this study is the lack of home-based physical activity (PA) intervention programs aimed at involving families and children.

scholarly journals PROGRAM INTERVENSI PENGEMBANGAN KECAKAPAN BERBICARA ANAK DOWN SYNDROME

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Lely Kurniawati ◽  
Zaenal Alimin ◽  
Pudji Asri
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Development Of Language

Speech and language is an initial capability to be owned subsidiaries as capital to be able to interact and communicate. Intervention is given to those who experience barriers to development including speech development of language in children with Down syndrome. This study aims to formulate intervention programs in accordance with the development and needs of children with Down syndrome. This study to determine the speech development in children with down syndrome and the efforts that have been undertaken to help develop their speaking skills. This study used mixed methods with sequential exploratory design, which is a design study that combines qualitative and quantitative research gradually. Results from this study showed that the ability to speak the child is still limited to the pronunciation of the word without any specialhandling. The program consists of interventions designed aspects of understanding of the vocabulary, syntax and schematically drawn based on the child's development. The results of the implementation of this program showed improvement in the children speak a few words. This program can be implemented in teaching and learning in the classroom. More attention in children can help children with Down syndrome improve speaking ability.Keywords: intervention program, speech intelligibility, down syndrome, mixed methods

Emancipatoir organisatieonderzoek naar de invoering van een cliëntvolgsysteem

KWALON ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Timmermans ◽  
Annemiek Stoopendaal
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Organizational Change ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
The People ◽  
Change In Practice ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

Emancipatory qualitative research into an organizational change from the perspective of clients with intellectual disabilities and their attending professionals Emancipatory qualitative research into an organizational change from the perspective of clients with intellectual disabilities and their attending professionals This emancipatory research studied the effects of an organizational change in an institute for people with intellectual disabilities both from the perspective of clients and of their attending professionals. Data was collected through observations followed by interviews. First, professionals were interviewed to obtain an image of the organizational change in practice. Then, the clients were observed and interviewed. The sequencing of these methods enabled the interviews with the people with intellectual disabilities by building trust and by using concrete examples that came to the fore during the observations.

Care and rehabilitation institutions for people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Polish experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282110604
Author(s):  
Monika Parchomiuk
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The People ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Residential Rehabilitation

People with intellectual disabilities benefit from many forms of institutional support, which include residential, rehabilitation, and educational services. Changes caused by the pandemic, especially the introduction of new rules relating to various aspects of life, raised several challenges and problems in the functioning of these institutions and for the people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research concerned facilities providing services for people with intellectual disabilities in Poland during the pandemic. The research goal was to determine what changes took place in the rehabilitation and care institutions during the pandemic in terms of their organization and the functioning of their clients and personnel. An online questionnaire was used. The respondents were institution employees. Data showed a number of preventive, educational, and supportive activities carried out by the institutions. Adverse changes in the psychosocial functioning of people with intellectual disabilities and other problems during the pandemic were reported.

Assessment

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-112
Author(s):  
Owen Barr ◽  
Bob Gates
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Nursing Interventions ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Pain Distress

It is a professional requirement of nursing regulators such as the Nursing and Midwifery Council and the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland that all nursing interventions should be based upon, and underpinned by, an accurate and structured nursing assessment of a person’s physical, mental, and social abilities and needs. Nurses need to have an understanding of how to assess changes in a person’s physical and mental health, including their level of pain, distress, and ability to make informed decisions, and how this may fluctuate in different settings and across the lifespan. They also need to be alert to the risks of diagnostic overshadowing when undertaking assessments, from which they will plan nursing care in collaboration with the people with intellectual disabilities and their carer/carers.

scholarly journals Tolerance and inclusive competence as the main components of an inclusive culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 10006
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lisovskaya ◽  
Tatyana Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
The People ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Components

The article raises the problems of the formation of an inclusive culture of teachers working with intellectually disabled children in centers of social and professional rehabilitation for the people with special psychophysical development needs (hereinafter referred to as the SPDN). Two components of an inclusive culture are presented: tolerance and inclusive competence. The mechanism of professional and social rehabilitation of people with intellectual disabilities is shown on the example of Brest region of the Republic of Belarus.

“When other people try to understand”: exploring the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities, who also have mental health problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Sasha Martine Mattock ◽  
Kieron Beard ◽  
Amy Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose Recent guidelines from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence highlight that service users (SUs) with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring mental health problems rarely get the opportunity to share their experiences of mental health services. Over the past 20 years, policy documents have stated that these individuals (SUs) must be included in decisions about their care. Research suggests that often this is not the case. Therefore, this paper aims to create a space for SUs to share their experiences of mental health services, and what they found helpful. Design/methodology/approach A focus group was held with five SUs, two psychologists and two researchers. The audio recording of the discussion was transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Three main themes were identified, namely, “relationships with others”, “inclusion and communication” and “challenges”. This focus group highlighted that although some SUs felt supported, they reported having little control in their lives and wanted to be listened to. Research limitations/implications Including a SU in the planning and facilitation of the focus group would have made this research more inclusive. Practical implications The implications of this research suggest that by listening to and involving SUs and developing more person-centred services, recovery rates may increase as the services provided would be more targeted. Originality/value Very little research has previously been conducted to explore SUs’ experiences. This paper highlights the value of being heard and the knowledge that is often lost if the authors do not take the time to listen to the people for whom a service is designed.

Analysis of Uncertainties in the Estimation of Fatigue Damage in Maritime Structures by the Bootstrap Technique

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vasconcelos ◽  
Edison Castro Prates de Lima ◽  
Lui´s Volnei Sudati Sagrilo
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Time Domain Simulation ◽  
Random Loading ◽  
Bootstrap Technique ◽  
Bootstrap Methodology

This work describes the application of the Bootstrap technique to assess relevant information about the structural damage due to the action of a random loading time domain simulation. The Bootstrap methodology allows the estimation of the standard deviation confident interval calculated over a single time domain analysis. Two numerical applications are presented to exemplify the using of the confident intervals to obtain information on the cumulative damage of a structure subject to these random loadings.

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