Allergic rhinitis and asthma assessment of risk factors in pediatric patients: A systematic review

Background: Oral breathing, nasal obstruction and airway space reduction are usually reported as associated to allergic rhinitis. They have been linked to altered facial patterns and dento-skeletal changes. However, no firm correlation based on the evidence has been established. This systematic review has been undertaken to evaluate the available evidence between malocclusion and allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients. Methods: The research refers to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines, databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar) were screened, the quality was evaluated through Quality Assessment of Diagnosfic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Results: The articles selected (6 out of initial 1782) were divided on the basis of the study design: two observational randomized study, three case–control study, one descriptive cross-sectional study, and one longitudinal study. A total of 2188 patients were considered. Different results were reported as related to allergic rhinitis ranging from a higher incidence of dental malocclusion, to an increase of palatal depth, and in posterior cross-bite about anterior open-bite and to longer faces and shorter maxillas. Conclusions: Most of the studies selected found a rise in the prevalence of both malocclusion and allergic rhinitis in children. However, the level of bias is high, impaired by a poor design and no conclusive evidence can be drawn.

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Risk factors for postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2021.11.peds21445 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Intraoperative Imaging ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽

Cerebellar Mutism

OBJECTIVE A review article assessing all the risk factors reported in the literature for postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) among children remains absent. The authors sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this issue. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were queried to systematically extract potential references. The articles relating to pCMS were required to be written in the English language, involve pediatric patients (≤ 18 years of age), and provide extractable data, which included a comparison group of patients who did not develop pCMS. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled using RevMan 5.4, and publication bias was assessed by visual inspection for funnel plot asymmetry. The study protocol was registered through PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021256177). RESULTS Overall, 28 studies involving 2276 patients were included. Statistically significant risk factors identified from univariate analysis were brainstem invasion (OR 4.28, 95% CI 2.23–8.23; p < 0.0001), fourth ventricle invasion (OR 12.84, 95% CI 4.29–38.44; p < 0.00001), superior cerebellar peduncle invasion (OR 6.77, 95% CI 2.35–19.48; p = 0.0004), diagnosis of medulloblastoma (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.93–5.52; p < 0.0001), medulloblastoma > 50 mm (OR 8.85, 95% CI 1.30–60.16; p = 0.03), left-handedness (OR 6.57, 95% CI 1.25–34.44; p = 0.03), and a vermis incision (OR 5.44, 95% CI 2.09–14.16; p = 0.0005). On the other hand, a tumor located in the cerebellar hemisphere (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.92; p = 0.04), cerebellar hemisphere compression (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.45; p < 0.0001), and intraoperative imaging (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.72; p = 0.004) reduced the risk of pCMS. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the largest and most reliable review of risk factors associated with pCMS. Although some risk factors may be dependent on one another, the data may be used by surgeons to better identify patients at risk for pCMS and for intervention planning.

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Rate, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Nonadherence in Pediatric Patients With Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1016/j.cgh.2019.05.046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 562-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna Myléus ◽

Norelle R. Reilly ◽

Peter H.R. Green

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Rate Risk

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Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Adult and Pediatric Patients With Hyperglycemia Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review

Canadian Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.11.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 361-369.e2 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lubna Siddiqi ◽

Kristine VanAarsen ◽

Alla Iansavichene ◽

Justin Yan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Adverse Outcomes

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Atopic triad (allergic rhinitis, eczema, and asthma) and eye rubbing as risk factors for keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 2523

Author(s):

Abdulmajeed Albalawi ◽

Alanoud Alharbi ◽

Hussain Alhasani ◽

Amal Alharbi ◽

Raghad Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Effect Size ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Strong Association ◽

P Value ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Central Cornea ◽

Key Phrases

Keratoconus (KN), is an eye disorder, characterized by progressive thinning and protrusion of central cornea. A number of conditions such as such as allergy, asthma, eczema, and eye rubbing has been shown to be associated with the development of KN. However, there is a disagreement regarding some of risk factors and their strength so we conducted systematic review and meta-analysis to determine how strongly risk factors such as eye rubbing, and atopic triad associate with KN development and progression. We systematically searched the literature for related studies using specific keywords and key phrases. The studies were scrutinized based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, we extracted relevant qualitative and quantitate information from studies. For meta-analysis we used odds ratio (OR) and their 95% CI were used to draw forest plots. 35 studies were selected in final meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis yielded the combined effect of risk factors with OR of 2.20 and a 95% CI of 1.84–2.64. Furthermore, we found that eye rubbing-related studies had effect size of OR 2.09 with a 95% CI of 1.76–2.49 and a p value of 0.00001. For atopic triad (allergic rhinits, asthma and eczema) related studies, the meta-analysis yielded overall effect size of OR 2.34 with 95% CI of 2.06-2.66. Eye rubbing and atopic triad (allergic rhinitis, eczema, and asthma) are important risk factors for KC development with statistically strong association.

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Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy in Children: Real Life Compliance and Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Compliance

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000514587 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Elif Soyak Aytekin ◽

Özge Soyer ◽

Bülent E. Şekerel ◽

Ümit M. Şahiner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Allergen Immunotherapy ◽

Real Life ◽

Male Gender ◽

Older Age ◽

Drop Out ◽

Venom Allergy ◽

Long Term Treatment

Background: Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and venom allergy. Compliance is essential for SCIT to obtain maximal benefit as it is a long-term treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of real-life SCIT compliance in pediatric patients and the associated factors. Additional aims were to determine how SCIT compliance was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and why some patients dropped out SCIT. Method: Pediatric patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, or venom allergy that received SCIT between September 2012 and July 2020 were analyzed. Results: The study included 201 children (66.7% male) with a median (interquartile range) age of 12.8 years (9.4–15.2) at the time of the first SCIT injection. The overall compliance rate before COVID-19 pandemic was 86.1%. Short SCIT follow-up time and venom anaphylaxis were found to be risk factors for drop out. The leading causes of drop outs were moving to another city/country (32.1%), symptom improvement (17.8%), treatment ineffectiveness (14.2%), and adverse reactions (14.2%). Among the 108 patients that were still receiving SCIT during the COVID-19 pandemic, 31 (28.7%) dropped out the therapy. The most frequent reasons for drop-out were fear of being infected with COVID-19 (35.4%) and thinking that the AIT practise stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic (29%). Male gender and older age were found to be the independent risk factors for drop-out of SCIT. Conclusions: Real life compliance in children was found 13.9% and it was higher than adults. Nearly one-third of children dropped out during the COVID-19 pandemic. Male gender and older age are associated with SCIT drop-out during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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