scholarly journals Structural damage models for fibrous biological soft tissues

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (18-19) ◽  
pp. 5894-5911 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Alastrué ◽  
J.F. Rodríguez ◽  
B. Calvo ◽  
M. Doblaré
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Damage Models

scholarly journals Imaging of Joint and Soft Tissue Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Matteo ◽  
Gianluca Smerilli ◽  
Edoardo Cipolletta ◽  
Fausto Salaffi ◽  
Rossella De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Muscle Involvement

Abstract Purpose of Review To highlight the potential uses and applications of imaging in the assessment of the most common and relevant musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent Findings Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are accurate and sensitive in the assessment of inflammation and structural damage at the joint and soft tissue structures in patients with SLE. The US is particularly helpful for the detection of joint and/or tendon inflammation in patients with arthralgia but without clinical synovitis, and for the early identification of bone erosions. MRI plays a key role in the early diagnosis of osteonecrosis and in the assessment of muscle involvement (i.e., myositis and myopathy). Conventional radiography (CR) remains the traditional gold standard for the evaluation of structural damage in patients with joint involvement, and for the study of bone pathology. The diagnostic value of CR is affected by the poor sensitivity in demonstrating early structural changes at joint and soft tissue level. Computed tomography allows a detailed evaluation of bone damage. However, the inability to distinguish different soft tissues and the need for ionizing radiation limit its use to selected clinical circumstances. Nuclear imaging techniques are valuable resources in patients with suspected bone infection (i.e., osteomyelitis), especially when MRI is contraindicated. Finally, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry represents the imaging mainstay for the assessment and monitoring of bone status in patients with or at-risk of osteoporosis. Summary Imaging provides relevant and valuable information in the assessment of MSK involvement in SLE.

scholarly journals Imaging in ankylosing spondylitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Østergaard ◽  
Robert G.W. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Gold Standard Method

Imaging is an integral part of the management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. Characteristic radiographic and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are key in the diagnosis. Radiography and MRI are also useful in monitoring the disease. Radiography is the conventional, albeit quite insensitive, gold standard method for assessment of structural damage in spine and sacroiliac joints, whereas MRI has gained a decisive role in monitoring disease activity in clinical trials and practice. MRI may also, if ongoing research demonstrates a sufficient reliability and sensitivity to change, become a new standard method for assessment of structural damage. Ultrasonography allows visualization of peripheral arthritis and enthesitis, but has no role in the assessment of axial manifestations. Computed tomography is a sensitive method for assessment of structural changes in the spine and sacroiliac joints, but its clinical utility is limited due to its use of ionizing radiation and lack of ability to assess the soft tissues. It is exciting that with continued dedicated research and the rapid technical development it is likely that even larger improvements in the use of imaging may occur in the decade to come, for the benefit of our patients.

scholarly journals Is flow velocity a significant parameter in flood damage modelling?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1679-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kreibich ◽  
K. Piroth ◽  
I. Seifert ◽  
H. Maiwald ◽  
U. Kunert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Damage Modelling ◽  
Impact Parameters ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Flow velocity is generally presumed to influence flood damage. However, this influence is hardly quantified and virtually no damage models take it into account. Therefore, the influences of flow velocity, water depth and combinations of these two impact parameters on various types of flood damage were investigated in five communities affected by the Elbe catchment flood in Germany in 2002. 2-D hydraulic models with high to medium spatial resolutions were used to calculate the impact parameters at the sites in which damage occurred. A significant influence of flow velocity on structural damage, particularly on roads, could be shown in contrast to a minor influence on monetary losses and business interruption. Forecasts of structural damage to road infrastructure should be based on flow velocity alone. The energy head is suggested as a suitable flood impact parameter for reliable forecasting of structural damage to residential buildings above a critical impact level of 2 m of energy head or water depth. However, general consideration of flow velocity in flood damage modelling, particularly for estimating monetary loss, cannot be recommended.

scholarly journals A Review on Damage and Rupture Modelling for Soft Tissues

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Sai Naga Sri Harsha Chittajallu ◽  
Ashutosh Richhariya ◽  
Kwong Ming Tse ◽  
Viswanath Chinthapenta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Current Article

Computational modelling of damage and rupture of non-connective and connective soft tissues due to pathological and supra-physiological mechanisms is vital in the fundamental understanding of failures. Recent advancements in soft tissue damage models play an essential role in developing artificial tissues, medical devices/implants, and surgical intervention practices. The current article reviews the recently developed damage models and rupture models that considered the microstructure of the tissues. Earlier review works presented damage and rupture separately, wherein this work reviews both damage and rupture in soft tissues. Wherein the present article provides a detailed review of various models on the damage evolution and tear in soft tissues focusing on key conceptual ideas, advantages, limitations, and challenges. Some key challenges of damage and rupture models are outlined in the article, which helps extend the present damage and rupture models to various soft tissues.

scholarly journals Arthroscopic Debridement for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hawi ◽  
U. Schmiddem ◽  
M. Omar ◽  
T. Stuebig ◽  
C. Krettek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Salvage Procedure ◽  
Arthroscopic Debridement ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Reduction Of Pain

Background: Arthroscopic debridement represents a salvage procedure for irreparable rotator cuff tears. It is important to accurately diagnose the patient for irreparable rotator cuff tears. The diagnosis and the therapeutic options must be explained to the patient. It is mandatory that the patient understands the primary goal of the arthroscopic debridement being reduction of pain, not improving strength or function. Methods: The procedure consists of 7 distinct steps to debride the soft tissues and alleviate pain. Results: Even though there is a lack of evidence that this procedure is superior to other therapeutic options, it has shown good results in patients with the main complaint of pain. Conclusion: The results reported in some studies should, however, be interpreted with caution, taking into consideration the substantial structural damage in irreparable defects.

The Research on Modified Park-Ang Damage Model Based on Effective Energy Dissipation

2013 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Guo Fu ◽  
Bo Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Dissipation Factor ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Load Sequence

Collapse of buildings in earthquakes causes casualties and economic losses, the reinforced concrete columns damage models is a basis for the research of integer collapse. The major advantage of Park and Ang's method is the consideration of first exceedance failure and cumulative damage failure in terms of defining the structural damage under earthquake, however, it isn't consider the differences of structural failures by different displacement amplitudes and load sequence. By multiplying the effective energy dissipation factor and the load sequence factor, the modified Park-Ang seismic damage model is obtained. The comparison between the two models indicates that the modified Park-Ang model have mean value closer to 1 and smaller scatter, besides the effects of load path and load sequence on damage can be taken into account in the modified model.

Evaluation of single-electron movies of glutamine synthetase molecules

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
E. Zeitler ◽  
M. Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Low Exposure

The features of digital recording of a continuous series (movie) of singleelectron TV frames are reported. The technique is used to investigate structural changes in negatively stained glutamine synthetase molecules (GS) during electron irradiation and, as an ultimate goal, to look for the molecules' “undamaged” structure, say, after a 1 e/Å2 dose.The TV frame of fig. la shows an image of 5 glutamine synthetase molecules exposed to 1/150 e/Å2. Every single electron is recorded as a unit signal in a 256 ×256 field. The extremely low exposure of a single TV frame as dictated by the single-electron recording device including the electron microscope requires accumulation of 150 TV frames into one frame (fig. lb) thus achieving a reasonable compromise between the conflicting aspects of exposure time per frame of 3 sec. vs. object drift of less than 1 Å, and exposure per frame of 1 e/Å2 vs. rate of structural damage.

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

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