Calla lily intercropping in rubber tree plantations changes the nutrient content, microbial abundance, and enzyme activity of both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and calla lily growth

Few reports have been presented on nutrient cycling in rubber tree plantations (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). This experiment was carried out to evaluate: the effect of K rates on the amount of nutrients transfered to the soil in a 13-year old Hevea brasilensis RRIM 600 clone plantation, nutrient retranslocation from the leaves before falling to the soil, and nutrient loss by dry rubber export. The experiment started in 1998 and potassium was applied at the rates of 0, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O under the crowns of 40 rubber trees of each plot. Literfall collectors, five per plot, were randomly distributed within the plots under the trees. The accumulated literfall was collected monthly during one year. The coagulated rubber latex from each plot was weighed, and samples were analyzed for nutrient content. Increasing K fertilization rates also increased the K content in leaf literfall. Calcium and N were the most recycled leaf nutrients to the soil via litterfall. Potassium, followed by P were the nutrients with the highest retranslocation rates. Potassium was the most exported nutrient by the harvested rubber, and this amount was higher than that transfered to the soil by the leaf literfall.

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Effects of Two Trichoderma Strains on Plant Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients, and Fungal Community of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Annual Seedlings

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090758 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 758 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Saiyaremu Halifu ◽

Xun Deng ◽

Xiaoshuang Song ◽

Ruiqing Song

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Community Structure ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Root Structure ◽

Soil Nutrient Content

Trichoderma spp. are proposed as major plant growth-promoting fungi that widely exist in the natural environment. These strains have the abilities of rapid growth and reproduction and efficient transformation of soil nutrients. Moreover, they can change the plant rhizosphere soil environment and promote plant growth. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has the characteristics of strong drought resistance and fast growth and plays an important role in ecological construction and environmental restoration. The effects on the growth of annual seedlings, root structure, rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and fungal community structure of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were studied after inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum E15 and Trichoderma virens ZT05, separately. The results showed that after inoculation with T. harzianum E15 and T. virens ZT05, seedling biomass, root structure index, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activity were significantly increased compared with the control (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the effects of T. harzianum E15 and T. virens ZT05 inoculation on the growth and rhizosphere soil nutrient of P. sylvestris var. mongolica (p < 0.05). For the E15 treatment, the seedling height, ground diameter, and total biomass of seedlings were higher than that those of the ZT05 treatment, and the rhizosphere soil nutrient content and enzyme activity of the ZT05 treatment were higher than that of the E15 treatment. The results of alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that the fungi community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly different (p < 0.05) among the three treatments (inoculated with T. harzianum E15, T. virens ZT05, and not inoculated with Trichoderma). Overall, Trichoderma inoculation was correlated with the change of rhizosphere soil nutrient content.

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Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity of Soil Under Clonal Rubber Tree Plantations

Floresta e Ambiente ◽

10.1590/2179-8087.113817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Anderson Ribeiro Diniz ◽

Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽

Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽

Fabiano Carvalho Balieiro ◽

Eduardo Vinícius da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Tree Plantations

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Effects of ginger aqueous extract on soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure and soil nutrient content in the rhizosphere soil of ginger seedlings

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201012121768 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 489-498

Author(s):

韩春梅 HAN Chunmei ◽

李春龙 LI Chunlong ◽

叶少平 YE Shaoping ◽

潘开文 PAN Kaiwen ◽

吴宁 WU Ning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Soil Enzyme ◽

Soil Nutrient Content

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Influence of fire on ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in rubber tree plantations (Hevea brasiliensis) in southern Brazil

10.1603/ice.2016.112050 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Costa Pinheiro

Keyword(s):

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Tree Plantations ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Ambrosia Beetles

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Genomic Characteristics and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Two Chinese Corynespora cassiicola Strains Causing Corynespora Leaf Fall (CLF) Disease

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7060485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 485

Author(s):

Boxun Li ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Jimiao Cai ◽

Xianbao Liu ◽

Tao Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Genomics ◽

Single Molecule ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Gene Families ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

The Philippines ◽

Tree Plantations ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Corynespora Cassiicola ◽

Leaf Fall

Rubber tree Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, is one of the most damaging diseases in rubber tree plantations in Asia and Africa, and this disease also threatens rubber nurseries and young rubber plantations in China. C. cassiicola isolates display high genetic diversity, and virulence profiles vary significantly depending on cultivar. Although one phytotoxin (cassicolin) has been identified, it cannot fully explain the diversity in pathogenicity between C. cassiicola species, and some virulent C. cassiicola strains do not contain the cassiicolin gene. In the present study, we report high-quality gapless genome sequences, obtained using short-read sequencing and single-molecule long-read sequencing, of two Chinese C. cassiicola virulent strains. Comparative genomics of gene families in these two stains and a virulent CPP strain from the Philippines showed that all three strains experienced different selective pressures, and metabolism-related gene families vary between the strains. Secreted protein analysis indicated that the quantities of secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes were correlated with pathogenesis, and the most aggressive CCP strain (cassiicolin toxin type 1) encoded 27.34% and 39.74% more secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) than Chinese strains YN49 and CC01, respectively, both of which can only infect rubber tree saplings. The results of antiSMASH analysis showed that all three strains encode ~60 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (SM BGCs). Phylogenomic and domain structure analyses of core synthesis genes, together with synteny analysis of polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, revealed diversity in the distribution of SM BGCs between strains, as well as SM polymorphisms, which may play an important role in pathogenic progress. The results expand our understanding of the C. cassiicola genome. Further comparative genomic analysis indicates that secreted CAZymes and SMs may influence pathogenicity in rubber tree plantations. The findings facilitate future exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola.

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