Strong and highly flexible slivers prepared from natural bamboo culm using NaOH pretreatment

As greenhouse gases and environmental pollution become serious, the demand for alternative energy such as bioethanol has rapidly increased, and a large supply of biomass is required for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant on the planet and a large part of it, the second-generation biomass, has the advantage of not being a food resource. In this study, Sicyos angulatus, known as an invasive plant (harmful) species, was used as a raw material for bioethanol production. In order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, S. angulatus was pretreated with different NaOH concentration at 121 °C for 10 min. The optimal NaOH concentration for the pretreatment was determined to be 2% (w/w), and the glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were 46.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Through NaOH pretreatment, the GC and ED of S. angulatus were improved by 2.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control (untreated S. angulatus). The hydrolysates from S. angulatus were applied to a medium for bioethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35. Finally, the maximum ethanol production was found to be 41.3 g based on 1000 g S. angulatus, which was 2.4-fold improved than the control group.

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Bamboo culm vertical lever flattening mechanism with sodium bicarbonate softening process

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1109/1/012056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1109 (1) ◽

pp. 012056

Author(s):

A H Atienza ◽

A Alba ◽

D A Respicio ◽

M A Baratang

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Bamboo Culm ◽

Softening Process

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Effects of annealing and NaOH pretreatment on an LmNi3.65Al0.34Mn0.27Co0.74 hydrogen storage alloy

Journal of Alloys and Compounds ◽

10.1016/s0925-8388(03)00030-6 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 358 (1-2) ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H.C. Lin ◽

K.M. Lin ◽

H.T. Chou ◽

M.T. Yeh

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Hydrogen Storage Alloy ◽

Naoh Pretreatment

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Characterizing Mat Formation of Bamboo Fiber Composites: Horizontal Density Distribution

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14051198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1198

Author(s):

Yu’an Hu ◽

Mei He ◽

Kate Semple ◽

Meiling Chen ◽

Hugo Pineda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Distribution ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Fiber Composites ◽

Density Variation ◽

Bamboo Fiber ◽

Wood Composites ◽

Forming Process ◽

Bamboo Culm ◽

Basic Understanding ◽

Panel Thickness

Bamboo fiber composite (BFC) is a unidirectional and continuous bamboo fiber composite manufactured by consolidation and gluing of flattened, partially separated bamboo culm strips into thick and dense panels. The composite mechanical properties are primarily influenced by panel density, its variation and uniformity. This paper characterized the horizontal density distribution (HDD) within BFC panels and its controlling factors. It revealed that HDD follows a normal distribution, with its standard deviation (SD) strongly affected by sampling specimen size, panel thickness and panel locations. SD was lowest in the thickest (40 mm) panel and largest-size (150 × 150-mm2) specimens. There was also a systematic variation along the length of the BFC due to the tapering effect of bamboo culm thickness. Density was higher along panel edges due to restraint from the mold edges during hot pressing. The manual BFC mat forming process is presented and found to effectively minimize the density variation compared to machine-formed wood composites. This study provides a basic understanding of and a quality control guide to the formation uniformity of BFC products.

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Structural and Thermal Investigation of Three Agricultural Biomasses Following Mild-NaOH Pretreatment to Increase Anaerobic Biodegradability

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-015-9423-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1135-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marco Grigatti ◽

Daniela Montecchio ◽

Ornella Francioso ◽

Claudio Ciavatta

Keyword(s):

Thermal Investigation ◽

Naoh Pretreatment ◽

Anaerobic Biodegradability

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Enhancing anaerobic biogasification of corn stover through wet state NaOH pretreatment

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.045 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 100 (21) ◽

pp. 5140-5145 ◽

Cited By ~ 164

Author(s):

Mingxia Zheng ◽

Xiujin Li ◽

Laiqing Li ◽

Xiaojin Yang ◽

Yanfeng He

Keyword(s):

Corn Stover ◽

Naoh Pretreatment

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Study on the Rice Straw Pretreated with NaOH for Biogasification

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.140 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 197-198 ◽

pp. 140-146

Author(s):

Jia You Li ◽

Xiao Mei Ye ◽

Jian Xing Yu ◽

Li Ling Cai ◽

Shan Ming Ruan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Surface Analysis ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Ftir Analysis ◽

Sem Images ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Naoh Pretreatment ◽

Main Factors

In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface analysis (RSA) methodology were employed to plan experiments and optimize the NaOH pretreatment of rice straw. Experimental results showed that concentration of NaOH (CS), treatment time (TT) and ratio of rice straw with NaOH (RS) were main factors governing the biogasification of rice straw. The polynomial equation describing the biogasification as a simultaneous function of the CS, TT and RS was confirmed. The FTIR analysis and SEM images of straws further confirmed that NaOH could disrupt the silicified waxy surface, break down the lignin-hemicellulose complex and partially remove silicon and lignin from the pretreated rice straw.

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Pretreatment of Cocoa Waste for Bioethanol Production Using Ionic Liquid

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v59.1584 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Idi ◽

Madihah Md. Salleh ◽

Zaharah Ibrahim ◽

Shaza Eva Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Fermented Food ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Ionic Liquid Pretreatment ◽

Naoh Pretreatment ◽

Biomass Loss

One of the major advantages of biofuel over fossil fuel is that it is environmentally friendly but unfortunately most of the chemicals used in the pretreatment of lignocelluloses biomass to produce biofuel can cause adverse effects to the environment. In this study, ionic liquid was used for the pretreatment of cocoa waste. Its effectiveness in the treatment process was compared to the alkalis and acids used in the conventional pretreatment media. The effectiveness of pretreatment using ionic liquid, H2SO4 and NaOH was based on the reduction of biomass, production of reducing sugar and also bioethanol. Ionic liquid pretreatment was found to show minimal biomass loss of only 31% after pretreatment compared to H2SO4 and NaOH which showed loss of 61% and 79% respectively. The untreated biomass has 10% amount of cellulose but upon pretreatment with ionic liquid, H2SO4 and NaOH, significant amount of cellulose was detected compared to NaOH which produced only 7% of cellulose. Two types of yeasts were also isolated from Malaysian local fermented food, the tapai ubi which were tested for the abilities to ferment the reducing sugar produced. Using the DNS method for determining reducing sugar, ionic liquid pretreatment was shown to produce 6.3×10–2g/L of reducing sugar while the untreated, H2SO4 and NaOH pretreatment produced 2.87×10–2g/L, 7.4×10–2g/L and 3.37×10–2g/L respectively at the end of 24 hours of incubation. Bioethanol produced during the fermentation was analysed using gas chromatography. Ionic liquid produced a total of 7.885g/L, H2SO4 produced 7.911g/L NaOH produced 6.824g/L and untreated cocoa waste produced 5.116g/L of ethanol at the end of 24 hours incubation.

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Two-stage alkaline and acid pretreatment applied to sugarcane bagasse to enrich the cellulosic fraction and improve enzymatic digestibility

Detritus ◽

10.31025/2611-4135/2020.14005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106-113

Author(s):

Longinus Ifeanyi Igbojionu ◽

Cecilia Laluce ◽

Edison Pecoraro

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Maleic Acid ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Enzymatic Digestibility ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Two Stage ◽

Second Stage ◽

One Stage ◽

Naoh Pretreatment

Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is made up of cellulose (32-43%), hemicellulose (19-34%) and lignin (14-30%). Due to high recalcitrant nature of SB, pretreatment is required to deconstruct its structure and enrich the cellulosic fraction. A two-stage NaOH and maleic acid pretreatment was applied to SB to enrich its cellulosic fraction. SB used in the present study is composed of cellulose (40.4 wt%), hemicellulose (20.9 wt%), lignin (22.5 wt%) and ash (4.0 wt%). After one-stage NaOH pretreatment, its cellulosic fraction increased to 61.8 wt% and later increased to 80.1 wt% after the second-stage acid pretreatment. Lignin fraction decreased to 3.0 wt% after one-stage NaOH pretreatment and remained unaffected after the acid pretreatment step. Hemicellulose fraction decreased substantially after the second-stage pretreatment with maleic acid. Pretreated SB displayed high crystallinity index and improved enzymatic digestibility. Hydrolysates of pretreated SB contained very low amount of xylose and subsequent fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae -IQAr/45-1 resulted to ethanol level of 8.94 g/L. Maximal ethanol yield of 0.49 g/g (95.8% of theoretical yield) and productivity of 0.28 g/L/h was attained. At the same time, biomass yield and productivity of 0.47 g/g and 0.27 g/L/h respectively were obtained. Two-stage NaOH and maleic acid pretreatment led to ~ two-fold increase in cellulosic fraction and enhanced the enzymatic digestibility of SB up to 70.4%. The resulted enzymatic hydrolysate was efficiently utilized by S. cerevisiae -IQAr/45-1 to produce high yield of ethanol. Thus, optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis at low enzyme loading is expected to further improve the process and reduce cost.

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