Soxhlet, microwave-assisted, and room temperature liquid extraction of oil and bioactive compounds from palm kernel cake using isopropanol as solvent

The present study proposes microwave-assisted extraction as a sustainable technique for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds from rice fermented with Aspergillus flavus (koji). First, fermentation conditions (i.e., pH from 3–12, five temperatures from 20–40 °C, and four culture-fermentation media viz. wheat, wheat bran, malt and rice) were optimized for producing microbial bioactive compounds. Microwave extraction was performed at 2450 MHz and 500 W for 20, 30, and 40 s with seven solvents (distilled water, ethyl acetate, hexane, ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and methanol). The obtained results revealed that ethyl acetate is the most appropriate solvent for extraction. Effects of this ethyl acetate extract were compared with a commercial synthetic antioxidant. Antioxidant properties were enhanced by preventing the oxidation of the linoleic acid (C18H32O2) with an inhibition rate (antioxidant efficacy) of 73.13%. Notably, the ferrous ion binding ability was marginally lower when compared to the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Additionally, the obtained total content of phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of fermented rice (koji) by Aspergillus flavus was 232.11 mg based on gallic acid/mL. Antioxidant compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of fermented rice showed stability under neutral conditions, as well as at high temperatures reaching 185 °C during 2 h, but were unstable under acidic and alkaline conditions. The results demonstrate the efficacy of novel microwave-assisted extraction technique for accelerating antioxidant production during rice fermentation.

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Feeding behavior of feedlot-finished crossbred bulls fed palm kernel cake

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-021-02616-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mateus de M. Lisboa ◽

Robério R. Silva ◽

Fabiano F. da Silva ◽

Maria M. S. Pereira ◽

Gabriel D. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Cake

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Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals

Advanced Materials Interfaces ◽

10.1002/admi.202001936 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2001936

Author(s):

Jun‐Heng Fu ◽

Tian‐Ying Liu ◽

Yuntao Cui ◽

Jing Liu

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Liquid Metals ◽

Interfacial Engineering ◽

Temperature Liquid

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Bioprospecting of cyanobacterium in Chilean coastal desert, Geitlerinema sp. Molecular identification and Pressurized Liquid Extraction of bioactive compounds

Food and Bioproducts Processing ◽

10.1016/j.fbp.2021.06.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M.C. Ruiz-Domínguez ◽

J.L. Fuentes ◽

J.A. Mendiola ◽

P. Cerezal-Mezquita ◽

J. Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽

Coastal Desert

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Bioconvertibility of mannan-containing polysaccharides to bioethanol: a comparative study of palm kernel cake and copra meal feedstocks

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01586-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ukponobong E. Antia ◽

Nsikak U. Stephen ◽

Anthony A. Onilude ◽

Itoro-obong M. Udo ◽

Tivkaa J. Amande

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Copra Meal

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Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Polyphenols from the Skin and Seeds of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Negra Criolla Pomace a Peruvian Native Pisco Industry Waste

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 866

Author(s):

Erik E. Allcca-Alca ◽

Nilton C. León-Calvo ◽

Olivia M. Luque-Vilca ◽

Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes ◽

José Ricardo Pérez-Correa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Solvent Mixtures ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Potential Applications

The pisco industry in Peru generates large amounts of grape pomace, which is a natural source of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical applications. Hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) with water-ethanol solvent mixtures (20–60%) at high temperatures (100–160 °C) was applied to recover polyphenols from the skin and seeds of a Peruvian pisco-industry grape-pomace waste. At the same HPLE conditions (60% ethanol, 160 °C), the seed fraction extracts contained ~6 times more total polyphenol and presented ~5 times more antioxidant activity than the extract from the skin fraction. The lowest ethanol concentration (20%) and the highest temperature (160 °C) achieved the highest recovery of flavanols with 163.61 µg/g dw from seeds and 10.37 µg/g dw from skins. The recovery of phenolic acids was maximized at the highest ethanol concentration and temperature with 45.34 µg/g dw from seeds and 6.93 µg/g dw from skins. Flavonols were only recovered from the skin, maximized (17.53 µg/g dw) at 20% of ethanol and the highest temperature. The recovery of specific polyphenols is maximized at specific extraction conditions. These conditions are the same for seed and skin extractions. This alternative method can be used in other agroindustrial wastes in order to recover bioactive compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

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Microwave Assisted Extraction and Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1481

Author(s):

Ana Dobrinčić ◽

Sandra Pedisić ◽

Zoran Zorić ◽

Mladenka Jurin ◽

Marin Roje ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽

Sulfate Group ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Cystoseira Barbata

Sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan isolated from brown algae shows a wide range of biological activities that are significantly dependent on its chemical composition, which is closely related to the applied technique and extraction parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) parameters (solvent, temperature, time, and number of cycles) on the Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata polysaccharide yield (%PS) and chemical composition (total sugar, fucose, and sulfate group). The optimal MAE parameters that resulted in the highest polysaccharide extraction from F. virsoides and C. barbata were 0.1 M H2SO4 for 10 min at 80 °C, while the optimal PLE parameters were 0.1 M H2SO4, for two cycles of 15 min at 140 °C. Furthermore, the %PS, chemical structure, molecular properties, and antioxidant activity of the F. virsoides and C. barbata polysaccharide extracts obtained with MAE, PLE, and conventional extraction (CE) performed under previously determinate optimal conditions were compared. PLE resulted in a significantly higher %PS from F. virsoides, while for C. barbata, a similar yield was achieved with CE and PLE, as well as CE and MAE, for both algae. Furthermore, the polysaccharides obtained using PLE had the highest polydispersity index, fucose, and sulfate group content, and the lowest uronic acid content; however their antioxidant activity was lower.

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