In vivo and in vitro inhibitory activity of an ethanolic extract of Sargassum fulvellum and its component grasshopper ketone on atopic dermatitis

There has been an enormous interest in the development of alternative medicines for type 2 diabetes, specifically screening for phytochemicals with the ability to delay or prevent glucose absorption. The goal of the present study was to provide in vitro evidence for potential inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, followed by a confirmatory in vivo study on rats to generate a stronger biochemical rationale for further studies on the ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolide. The extract showed appreciable alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50)=17.2+/-0.15 mg/ml) and a weak alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (IC(50)=50.9+/-0.17 mg/ml). Andrographolide demonstrated a similar (IC(50)=11.0+/-0.28 mg/ml) alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (IC(50)=11.3+/-0.29 mg/ml). The positive in vitro enzyme inhibition tests paved way for confirmatory in vivo studies. The in vivo studies demonstrated that A. paniculata extract significantly (P

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Use of cocoa ethanolic extract for treatment of Staphylococcal infection in rabbit-skin model

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.214 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ariza Budi Tunjung-Sari ◽

Teguh Wahyudi ◽

Diana Chusna Mufida ◽

Mekania Tamarizki ◽

Desyana Perwitahati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Healing Process ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Cocoa Bean ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Skin Model ◽

Rabbit Skin

In septic condition, the skin normal flora Staphylococcal spp. may trigger local and sistemic skin infection. In this study antibacterial activity of cocoa ethanolic extract (CEE) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis infections was observed in vitro and in vivo. Ethanolic extract from unfermented cocoa beans was prepared as solution in the in vitro testing, while for in vivo testing the extract was prepared as cream. Agar well diffusion assay showed that CEE ranging from 7.8 mg/mL to 1000 mg/mL demonstrated inhibitory activity against growth of either S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Inhibitory activity of CEE was in concentration dependent manner, and was less potential than either cephalexin 4 x 10 -3 mg/mL or cefotaxime 8 x 10 -3 mg/mL. Linear regression of CEE concentration plotted against inhibition zone values ha dpredicted the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CEE towards S. aureus and S. epidermidis were at 341.9 mg/mL and 359.7 mg/mL, respectively. Topical application of cream containing CEE at several concentrations (2%, 4%, and 8%) demonstrated healing properties towards incision wound infected with S. aureus and S. epidermidis cultures in rabbit-skin model. CEE cream promoted wound contraction and higher recovery rate than of base cream (negative control) but lower than mupirocin 2% cream. In S. aureus and S. epidermidis infected wound models, CEE cream 8% improved wound recovery to 72.7% and 86.1% from original rates of 23.5% and 34.7% (base cream application). Catechin and procyanidis are suggested playing roles in alleviation of wound inflammation and stimulation of extracellular matrix accumulation, thus accelerate the wound healing process. This study proposes utilization of cocoa bean as source of active ingredient for skin care products.

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The Effects of Some Synthetic Compounds on In Vitro Fibrinolytic Activity Measured by Different Methods and the Relevance to Activity In Vivo

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649018 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 351-358

Author(s):

A.J Baillie ◽

A. K Sim

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Substrate Concentration ◽

Fibrinolytic Activity ◽

Synthetic Compounds ◽

In Vitro Methods ◽

Narrow Concentration Range

SummaryThe activity of several synthetic compounds, rated from good to poor (or inactive) fibrinolytic activators, has been assessed by two different commonly-used in vitro methods. Compounds shown to be active over a narrow concentration range in the hanging clot test were shown to be inhibitors of plasmin and trypsin in the casein-olytic test. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was shown to increase with increasing substrate concentration and apparent activity in the hanging clot test. Possible explanations and relevance of these observations are discussed.

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Traditional Herbal Medicines, Newer Herbs and Other Novel Approaches Integrated in Herbal Medicine for Atopic Dermatitis-A Narrative Review

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885514666191018165209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 194-208

Author(s):

Pravin Kumar ◽

Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽

Mahendra Singh Ashawat

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Biological Drugs ◽

Alternative Treatment Option

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a prolonged reverting skin ailment with characteristically distributed skin lesions. In the previous decades, researchers had shown a marked interest in AD due to its increased prevalence in developed countries. Although different strategies including biological and immune modulators are available for the treatment of AD, each has certain limitations. The researchers had shown considerable interest in the management of AD with herbal medicines. The establishment of herbal drugs for AD might eliminate local as well as systemic adverse effects associated with long term use of corticosteroids and also higher cost of therapy with biological drugs. The present review discusses the traditional East Asian herbal medicines and scientific data related to newer herbal extracts or compositions for the treatment of AD. In vivo animal models and in vitro cell cultures, investigated with herbal medicines to establish a possible role in AD treatment, have also been discussed in the paper. The paper also highlights the role of certain new approaches, i.e. pharmacopuncture, a combination of allopathic and herbal medicines; and novel carriers (liposomes, cubosomes) for herbal drugs on atopic skin. In conclusion, herbal medicines can be a better and safe, complementary and alternative treatment option for AD.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Edible Brown Seaweed, Sargassum fulvellum

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19050277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Lei Wang ◽

Hye-Won Yang ◽

Ginnae Ahn ◽

Xiaoting Fu ◽

Jiachao Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Sargassum Fulvellum ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results indicated that SFPS improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages from 80.02 to 86.80, 90.09, and 94.62% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Also, SFPS remarkably and concentration-dependently decreased the production levels of inflammatory molecules including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SFPS significantly inhibited the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the in vivo test results indicated that SFPS improved the survival rate of LPS-treated zebrafish from 53.33 to 56.67, 60.00, and 70.00% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, SFPS effectively reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species, and NO levels in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results suggested that SFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, and could be used as an ingredient to develop anti-inflammatory agents in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Novel Role for Albumin in Innate Immunity: Serum Albumin Inhibits the Growth of Blastomyces dermatitidis Yeast Form In Vitro

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.11.6648-6652.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 6648-6652 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Steven Giles ◽

Charles Czuprynski

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Yeast Form ◽

Domain Iii

ABSTRACT In this study we found that serum inhibitory activity against Blastomyces dermatitidis was principally mediated by albumin. This was confirmed in experiments using albumin from several mammalian species. Analbuminemic rat serum did not inhibit B. dermatitidis growth in vivo; however, the addition of albumin restored inhibitory activity. Inhibitory activity does not require albumin domain III and appears to involve binding of a low-molecular-weight yeast-derived growth factor.

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Anti-parasitic activity of Annona muricata L. leaf ethanolic extract and its fractions against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2021.114019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114019

Author(s):

Natália Carnevalli Miranda ◽

Ester Cristina Borges Araujo ◽

Allisson Benatti Justino ◽

Yusmaris Cariaco ◽

Caroline Martins Mota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Parasitic Activity

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Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees, Andrographolide, and Andrographolide Analogues as SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals? A Rapid Review

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x211016610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X2110166

Author(s):

Xin Yi Lim ◽

Janice Sue Wen Chan ◽

Terence Yew Chin Tan ◽

Bee Ping Teh ◽

Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Abd Razak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

In Silico ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Symptomatic Relief ◽

Andrographis Paniculata ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Rapid Review ◽

In Silico Studies

Drug repurposing is commonly employed in the search for potential therapeutic agents. Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal plant commonly used for symptomatic relief of the common cold, and its phytoconstituent andrographolide, have been repeatedly identified as potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In light of new evidence emerging since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this rapid review was conducted to identify and evaluate the current SARS-CoV-2 antiviral evidence for A. paniculata, andrographolide, and andrographolide analogs. A systematic search and screen strategy of electronic databases and gray literature was undertaken to identify relevant primary articles. One target-based in vitro study reported the 3CLpro inhibitory activity of andrographolide as being no better than disulfiram. Another Vero cell-based study reported potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity for both andrographolide and A. paniculata extract. Eleven in silico studies predicted the binding of andrographolide and its analogs to several key antiviral targets of SARS-CoV-2 including the spike protein-ACE-2 receptor complex, spike protein, ACE-2 receptor, RdRp, 3CLpro, PLpro, and N-protein RNA-binding domain. In conclusion, in silico and in vitro studies collectively suggest multi-pathway targeting SARS-CoV-2 antiviral properties of andrographolide and its analogs, but in vivo data are needed to support these predictions.

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Monoclonal antibodies specific to a Ca2+-bound form of lipocortin I distinguish its Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding ability from its ability to inhibit phospholipase A2

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2690709 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 269 (3) ◽

pp. 709-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H Hayashi ◽

M K Owada ◽

S Sonobe ◽

K Domae ◽

T Yamanouchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Phospholipase A2 ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Free Form ◽

E Coli ◽

Phospholipid Binding ◽

Ef Hand

Lipocortin I, a Ca2(+)-and phospholipid-binding protein without EF-hand structures, has many biological effects in vitro. Its actual role in vivo, however is unknown. We obtained and characterized five monoclonal antibodies to lipocortin I. Two of these monoclonal antibodies (L2 and L4-MAbs) reacted with the Ca(+)-bound form of lipocortin I, but not with the Ca2(+)-free form, both in vivo and in vitro. Lipocortin I required greater than or equal to 10 microM-Ca2+ to bind the two antibodies, and this Ca2+ requirement was not affected by phosphatidylserine. L2-MAb abolished the phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity of lipocortin I and inhibited its binding to Escherichia coli membranes and to phosphatidylserine in vitro. L4-MAb abolished the phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity of lipocortin I, but did not affect its binding to E. coli membranes or to phosphatidylserine. These findings indicated that the inhibition of phospholipase A2 by lipocortin I was not simply due to removal or capping of the substrates in E. coli membranes. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence study using L2-MAb showed the actual existence of Ca2(+)-bound form of lipocortin I in vivo.

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