Prospective prediction of suicide attempts in community adolescents and young adults, using regression methods and machine learning

Background: Notwithstanding the epidemiological studies indicating an increased risk of attempted suicide among adolescents and young adults, there is a scarcity of international studies that examine long-term epidemiological trends in rates and characteristics of this vulnerable group. Aims: This article describes the results of a 9-year monitoring study of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults referred to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Gent University Hospital (Belgium). Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2004, trends, sociodemographic, and methodrelated characteristics of suicide attempts were assessed by a psychiatrist on data sheets. Results: Attempted suicide rates declined from 1996 to 2001 and then rose until 2004, but did not exceed previous rates. During the 9 years of monitoring, there was a preponderance of female suicide attempters, except for 1997. Rates of attempts and of fatal suicide were negatively correlated. Significantly more males than females deliberately injured themselves. Younger attempters, especially females, significantly more often poisoned themselves with analgesics. In nearly one in five attempts, alcohol was used in combination with other methods, and alcohol intake was more commonly observed in older suicide attempters. Nearly half of the adolescents were identified as repeaters. Conclusions: The results of this study warrant further monitoring of trends and characteristics of young suicide attempters.

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Risk of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2018.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 212 (4) ◽

pp. 234-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kai-Lin Huang ◽

Han-Ting Wei ◽

Ju-Wei Hsu ◽

Ya-Mei Bai ◽

Tung-Ping Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Young Adults ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Population Based ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of suicidal behaviours through psychiatric comorbidities; however, a significant direct association has not been observed between ADHD and suicide attempts.AimsTo evaluate the risk of suicide attempt in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.MethodUsing a nationwide, population-based insurance claims database, this longitudinal cohort study enrolled 20 574 adolescents and young adults with ADHD and 61 722 age- and gender-matched controls between 2001 and 2009. Any suicide attempt was identified from enrolment to 31 December 2011. The association between ADHD medications and the likelihood of suicide attempt was assessed.ResultsADHD was an independent risk factor for any suicide attempt (hazard ratio = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.19–4.62) and repeated suicide attempts (hazard ratio = 6.52, 95% CI = 4.46–9.53). Subgroup analyses of men, women, adolescents and young adults demonstrated the same trend. Methylphenidate or atomoxetine treatment did not increase the risk of suicide attempt or repeated suicide attempts. Long-term methylphenidate treatment was associated with a significantly decreased risk of repeated suicide attempts in men (hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97).ConclusionADHD was a risk factor for suicide attempt and a stronger predictor of repeated suicide attempts, independent of comorbidities. Further investigation is warranted to explore the mechanism underlying the association between ADHD and suicidal behaviours.Declaration of interestNone.

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The Current Age of Youthful Melancholia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.152.1.4 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 4-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

Gerald L. Klerman

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

World War Ii ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Cohort Effect ◽

Secular Trends ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Statistical Methodology ◽

World War ◽

Gene Environment ◽

Epidemiological Surveys

The possibility of a rise in rates of depression among adolescents and young adults was first reported in the 1970s. Particular note was taken of the emergence of childhood depression and the increase in suicide attempts and death among adolescents and young adults. Data from large-sample family studies and community epidemiological surveys have been reviewed and reanalysed, using life-table statistical methodology. Evidence for secular trends are presented, and the problems of disentangling period and cohort effect are discussed. It appears that the ‘baby boomers' -those born in the years after World War II- have had increased rates of depression and other related illnesses, including drug abuse and alcoholism. The theoretical aspects of this are discussed, particularly for gene-environment interactions.

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Gray and white matter differences in adolescents and young adults with prior suicide attempts across bipolar and major depressive disorders

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 1089-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Siyan Fan ◽

Elizabeth T.C. Lippard ◽

Anjali Sankar ◽

Amanda Wallace ◽

Jennifer A.Y. Johnston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

White Matter ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Disorders

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Exploring the Family factors associated with Suicide Attempts among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Qualitative Study

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717620957113 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 025371762095711

Author(s):

Anju Mathew ◽

Remadevi Saradamma ◽

Vijayakumar Krishnapillai ◽

Saboora Beegum Muthubeevi

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Family Support ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Family Environment ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Family Factors ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Interview Method ◽

The Family ◽

Qualitative Data Analysis Software

Background: Suicides are among the leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults worldwide, including India. Suicide attempts are about 20 times more common than completed suicides. Teenagers and youth who attempt suicide belong to a heterogeneous group. Various biological and psychosocial factors, including family factors, contribute to such behavior. Quality of family functioning and relationships may act as an important contextual factor in deciding suicidal behavior. Hence, this study was done to explore the family factors contributing to suicide attempts. Methods: Qualitative exploratory study design and purposive sampling were used. Data were collected from 22 adolescents and young adults using an in-depth interview method. All audio recordings were transcribed in Malayalam, and then translated to English. Codes were developed using the qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was done. Themes and relationships were identified and synthesized to a framework that represents the summary of the data. Results: Most of the participants perceived the home environment as hostile. Problems within the family included parental conflicts and separation, conflict with a sibling or other members of the family, and marital disharmony. Most of them perceived low family support. Socioeconomic factors such as financial issues, superstitious beliefs, disturbing neighborhoods, interpersonal issues, and the stigma of having a mental illness, in a family member, were also noted. Conclusion: Hostile family environment, faulty interactions between family members, and lack of perceived family support may contribute to suicidal behavior among adolescents and young adults. Hence, it is imperative to consider these factors while treating them or planning any suicide prevention program for them.

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Risk of Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry ◽

10.4088/jcp.16m11100 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. e1174-e1179 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Mu-Hong Chen ◽

Tai-Long Pan ◽

Wen-Hsuan Lan ◽

Ju-Wei Hsu ◽

Kai-Lin Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Young Adults ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Adults With Autism ◽

Young Adults With Autism

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The Accuracy of Prevalence Estimations for Suicide Attempts. How Reliably Do Adolescents and Young Adults Report Their Suicide Attempts?

Archives of Suicide Research ◽

10.1080/13811110600582539 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 253-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Bettina Christl ◽

Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽

Hildegard Pfister ◽

Roselind Lieb ◽

Thomas Bronisch

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults

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The Association Between Suicide Attempts, Anxiety, and Childhood Maltreatment Among Adolescents and Young Adults With First Depressive Episodes

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Chen ◽

Wen Li ◽

Xia Cao ◽

Peiqu Liu ◽

Jiali Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

High Risk ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Depressive Episodes

Objective: Adolescents and young adults are susceptible to high-risk behaviors such as self-harm and suicide. However, the impact of childhood maltreatment on suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults with first episode of depression remains unclear. This study examined the association between suicide attempts and childhood maltreatment among adolescents and young adults with first depressive episodes.Methods: A total of 181 adolescents and young adults with first depressive episodes were included. The Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) were used to assess childhood maltreatment and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. The suicide item in the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) 5.0 was used to assess the suicide attempts. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associated factors of suicide attempts.Results: The prevalence of SA in the total sample was 31.5% (95% CI = 24.9–38.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.07–4.40), smoking (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.10–6.37), anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.08), and childhood maltreatment (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) were potential associated factors of SA. In addition, anxiety symptoms had a mediating effect on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and SA.Conclusion: Adolescents and young adults with first depressive episodes and having experiences of childhood maltreatment are at a high risk of suicide. The severity of anxiety symptoms may mediate the relation between childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in this group of patients.

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