Duration of untreated illness and bipolar disorder: time for a new definition? Results from a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of internalised stigma and associated factors among patients with bipolar disorder attending the outpatient department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingAmanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe recruited about 418 participants using systematic sampling technique for an interview during the study period.MeasurementData were collected by face-to-face interviews. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale was used to measure internalised stigma. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Oslo-3 Social Support were instruments used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. ORs with 95% CI were computed to determine the level of significance.ResultsThe magnitude of internalised stigma was 24.9% (95% CI: 21.2% to 28.9%). In the multivariate analysis, unemployed (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0), unable to read and write (AOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.05 to 10.7), poor social support (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.9 to 15.0), ≥4 previous hospitalisations due to bipolar disorder (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1 to 6.1) and low self-esteem (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.1) had a significant association with internalised stigma.ConclusionsOne in four patients with bipolar disorder reported high internalised stigma. Unemployment, low educational status, low self-esteem, poor social support and being hospitalised more than three times before were significantly associated with internalised stigma. Thus, a stigma-reduction programme focusing on self-esteem improvement and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance to counteracting effects of internalised stigma is essential.

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Cardiometabolic disease and features of depression and bipolar disorder: Population-based, cross-sectional study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.114.157784 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 208 (4) ◽

pp. 343-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Daniel J. Martin ◽

Zia Ul-Haq ◽

Barbara I. Nicholl ◽

Breda Cullen ◽

Jonathan Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Psychotropic Medication ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

BackgroundThe relative contribution of demographic, lifestyle and medication factors to the association between affective disorders and cardiometabolic diseases is poorly understood.AimsTo assess the relationship between cardiometabolic disease and features of depresion and bipolar disorder within a large population sample.MethodCross-sectional study of 145 991 UK Biobank participants: multivariate analyses of associations between features of depression or bipolar disorder and five cardiometabolic outcomes, adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsThere were significant associations between mood disorder features and ‘any cardiovascular disease’ (depression odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% CI 1.12–1.19; bipolar OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.43) and with hypertension (depression OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.13–1.18; bipolar OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.12–1.42). Individuals with features of mood disorder taking psychotropic medication were significantly more likely than controls not on psychotropics to report myocardial infarction (depression OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.24–1.73; bipolar OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.53–3.57) and stroke (depression OR = 2.46, 95% CI 2.10–2.80; bipolar OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.39–3.85).ConclusionsAssociations between features of depression or bipolar disorder and cardiovascular disease outcomes were statistically independent of demographic, lifestyle and medication confounders. Psychotropic medication may also be a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease in individuals without a clear history of mood disorder.

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Associations between residual depressive symptoms, cognition, and functioning in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder: results from the FACE-BD cohort

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.117.201335 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 211 (6) ◽

pp. 381-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Paul Roux ◽

Aurélie Raust ◽

Anne-Sophie Cannavo ◽

Valérie Aubin ◽

Bruno Aouizerate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cognitive Component ◽

Cognitive Components ◽

The Face ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between residual depressive symptoms, cognition and functioning in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder is a subject of debate.AimsTo assess whether cognition mediates the association between residual depressive symptoms and functioning in patients with bipolar disorder who were euthymic.MethodWe included 241 adults with euthymic bipolar disorder in a multicentre cross-sectional study. We used a battery of tests to assess six cognition domains. A path analysis was then used to perform a mediation analysis of the relationship between residual depressive symptoms, cognitive components and functioning.ResultsOnly verbal and working memory were significantly associated with better functioning. Residual depressive symptoms were associated with poorer functioning. No significant relationship was found between residual depressive symptoms and any cognitive component.ConclusionsCognition and residual depressive symptoms appear to be two independent sources of variation in the functioning of people with euthymic bipolar disorder.

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Affective temperaments are associated with specific clusters of symptoms and psychopathology: A cross-sectional study on bipolar disorder inpatients in acute manic, mixed, or depressive relapse

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.041 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 151 (2) ◽

pp. 540-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Felice Iasevoli ◽

Alessandro Valchera ◽

Emanuela Di Giovambattista ◽

Massimo Marconi ◽

Maria Paola Rapagnani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Affective Temperaments

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Impact of metabolic syndrome and clinical features on functioning in patients with bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0622 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 373-381

Author(s):

Hanife Kocakaya ◽

Emrah Songur ◽

Sedat Batmaz ◽

Zekiye Çelikbaş ◽

Önder Küçük

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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A cross-sectional study of factors affecting seasonality in bipolar disorder

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v20i2.491 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pankaj Kumar Mittal ◽

Shubham Mehta ◽

Ram Kumar Solanki ◽

Mukesh Kumar Swami ◽

Parth Singh Meena

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Behavioural Patterns ◽

Assessment Questionnaire

Background. Researchers have evinced interest in the effect of seasonal variations on mood and behavioural patterns in affective disorders. Objective. To study seasonality in bipolar disorder (BD) patients and also the factors affecting this seasonality. Method. Forty-nine patients with BD in euthymic phase were recruited and analysed using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Results. Most of the patients were morning types but chronotype had no influence on seasonality. Age of patient and number of episodes were the most important factors affecting seasonality in BD. Conclusion. Seasonality and its influencing factors must be considered while managing bipolar disorder.

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