The VAGUS- Self-Report & Clinician-Rated Versions: A Novel Insight into Psychosis Scale for Use Across the Adult Late-Life Span

Not all transit users have the same preferences when making route decisions. Understanding the factors driving this heterogeneity enables better tailoring of policies, interventions, and messaging. However, existing methods for assessing these factors require extensive data collection. Here we present an alternative approach - an easily-administered single item measure of overall preference for speed versus comfort. Scores on the self-report item predict decisions in a choice task and account for a proportion of the differences in model parameters between people (n=298). This single item can easily be included on existing travel surveys, and provides an efficient method to both anticipate the choices of users and gain more general insight into their preferences.

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388 Familial natural short sleepers have greater resilience than unaffected family members

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.387 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A154-A155

Author(s):

Liza Ashbrook ◽

Andrew Krystal ◽

Ying-Hui Fu ◽

Louis Ptáček

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Family Members ◽

Self Report ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Distinct Phenotype ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Restorative Sleep ◽

Bounce Back ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Introduction Resilience, a life-long trait, corresponds to the ability to bounce back from adversity. What factors influence resilience is unclear. Here we describe a cohort of individuals with familial natural short sleep (FNSS). Four genes in five families have been identified that confer this trait, DEC2, NPSR1, GRM1 and ADRB1. Individuals in this cohort share a resilience phenotype alongside this decreased sleep need. Methods Those reporting less than 6.5 hours of sleep when allowed to sleep ad libitum without any complaints regarding overnight sleep or daytime sleepiness were then interviewed to determine FNSS affected status from 2009 to 2020. Data on mood, depression, sleepiness and resilience were collected from participants and family members enrolled in the FNSS study. Results 163 individuals meeting criteria for FNSS were enrolled. Compared to 47 unaffected family members, they had significantly shorter sleep duration as measured by self report and actigraphy, significantly more resilience as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, significantly less sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and significantly fewer symptoms of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Conclusion FNSS individuals appear to have a distinct phenotype including shorter sleep duration, greater resilience, less subjective sleepiness, and fewer symptoms of depression. Better understanding the genetics and characteristics of those with familial natural short sleep may provide insight into mechanisms of both restorative sleep and resilience. Support (if any) This work was supported by NIH grants NS099333, NS072360 and NS104782 to L.J.P. and Y-H.F., and by the William Bowes Neurogenetics Fund to L.J.P. and Y.H.F.

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Using Compassionate Mind Training as a Resource in EMDR: A Case Study

Journal of EMDR Practice and Research ◽

10.1891/1933-3196.7.4.186 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 186-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Elaine Beaumont ◽

Caroline J. Hollins Martin

Keyword(s):

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Discussion Section ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Compassion Scale ◽

Mind Training ◽

Current Signature ◽

Insight Into

This case study examines the contribution of compassionate mind training (CMT) when used as a resource in the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of a 58-year-old man, who presented after a recent trauma with psychological distress and somatic symptoms—an inability to sign his name. Self-report questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Impact of Events Scale-R [IES-R], and Self-Compassion Scale [SCS]) were administered at pretherapy, midtherapy, posttherapy, and 9-month follow-up. EMDR with CMT facilitated recall of forgotten memories about his sister’s traumatic death decades previously, with related emotions of shame and grief, creating insight into how these past events linked to his current signature-signing phobia. Eight sessions of therapy resulted in an elimination of the client’s signature-signing phobia and a reduction in trauma-related symptoms, elevation in mood, and increase in self-compassion. Effects were maintained at 9-month follow-up. The “Discussion” section highlights the value of working collaboratively with clients to best meet their individual needs.

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A cross-sectional, non-interventional study of the correlation between insight and adherence in schizophrenia in Nepal

10.21203/rs.2.14530/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Imogen Henrietta Stokes ◽

Uddhav Lama ◽

Jai Bahadar Khattri

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

Self Report ◽

P Value ◽

Interventional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background: There is a significant lack of research in the Nepalese study population on adherence in patients with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional, non-interventional study aims to re-examine the recognised correlation between insight and adherence in this population, whilst exploring the association between patient demographics and adherence to help bring understanding to how familial and environmental factors may impact adherence. Methods: Patients were recruited upon attendance to outpatient’s appointments and admission to the psychiatry department of Manipal Teaching Hospital. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on patient demographics, including age, ethnicity, religion, employment status, current living arrangements and education level; the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS); and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) score. Descriptive statistics on the demographics, BIS and DAI-10 were collated using SPSS. An analysis of variance of DAI-10 scores according to participant demographics was performed using a one-way ANOVA analysis. Correlation between the BIS and BIS subscales and the DAI-10 was tested using Pearson’s 2-tailed analysis at 0.01 significance level.Results: 19 participants consented to participate in this study with 100% data obtained. 57.9% unemployed, 63.2% living with parents and 47.4% had only a basic education. 36.8% of participants had poor insight; 84.2% of participants had poor insight into their symptoms; 78.9% of participants had poor insight into their illness and 36.8% had poor insight into their need for treatment. 52.7% of participants were poor adherers. No significant differences in DAI-10 scores were found between demographic groups. A positive correlation was found between the total BIS score and DAI-10 score (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.585; P value = 0.009). Furthermore, the awareness of need for treatment subscale score and the DAI-10 score found a correlation coefficient of 0.609 (P value = 0.006). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found prevalent non-adherence to medication and demonstrated that insight correlates with adherence. Although study findings did not suggest that patient demographics were associated with non-adherence, it is important to consider the possibility that these high rates of non-adherence have other contributing factors; overcoming rural health inequality, cultural beliefs regarding psychiatric illness and unaffordability remain the great challenges for the Nepalese population.

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MEASURING SPACE AND TIME USE, PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AMONG NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING LATE-LIFE ASIAN IMMIGRANTS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S196-S197

Author(s):

Wenjun Li ◽

Linda Churchill ◽

Jie Cheng ◽

Rachel Siden ◽

Annabella Aguirre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Late Life ◽

Asian Immigrants ◽

Self Report ◽

Social Activities ◽

Space And Time ◽

English Speaking ◽

Gps Devices

Abstract Little is known about the health and health care needs of non-English Speaking late-life Asian immigrants. Due to language barriers and memory issues, self-report data are unreliable for investigating activity patterns in this population. In the ongoing NIA-funded Healthy Aging and Neighborhood Study, we developed a novel method to objectively measure space and time use, location- and time-specific physical and social activities using accelerometer (ACC) and Global Positioning System (GPS) devices. The study has recruited over 150 Caucasians and 150 minorities including 50 non-English speaking late-life Asian immigrants. The participants answered surveys in their preferred language (English, Spanish, traditional or simplified Chinese) and wore ACC/GPS devices for 7 to 10 full days. Activity levels and geographic locations are recorded every 30 seconds. Using the combined ACC/GPS data, time- and location-specific activity amounts, time use and mobility patterns are objectively measured. Baseline findings will be reported at the GSA conference.

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Scaling Response Processes on Personality Items Using Unfolding and Dominance Models

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.24.1.65 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 65-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Anke M. Weekers ◽

Rob R. Meijer

Keyword(s):

Item Response ◽

Ideal Point ◽

Test Construction ◽

Self Report ◽

Personality Test ◽

Dutch Translation ◽

Personality Inventories ◽

Irt Models ◽

Unfolding Irt Models ◽

Insight Into

Abstract. Stark, Chernyshenko, Drasgow, and Williams (2006) and Chernyshenko, Stark, Drasgow, and Roberts (2007) suggested that unfolding item response theory (IRT) models are important alternatives to dominance IRT models to describe the response processes on self-report personality inventories. To obtain more insight into the structure of personality data, we investigated whether dominance or unfolding IRT models are a better description of the response processes on personality trait inventories constructed using dominance response processes or ideal-point response processes. Data from 866 adolescents on a Dutch personality inventory, the NPV-J ( Luteijn, van Dijk, & Barelds, 2005 ), and from 704 adolescents on a Dutch translation of an Order scale ( Chernyshenko et al., 2007 ) were used. Results from Stark et al. (2006) and Chernyshenko et al. (2007) were partly supported. The self-report inventory that was constructed using dominance response processes (NPV-J) consisted mostly of items with monotonically increasing item response functions (IRFs), but some IRFs were single-peaked. The Order scale (constructed on the basis of ideal-point response processes) consisted of items with monotonically increasing, decreasing, and single-peaked IRFs. Further implications for personality test construction are discussed.

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