A cross-sectional, non-interventional study of the correlation between insight and adherence in schizophrenia in Nepal

Abstract Background: There is a significant lack of research in the Nepalese study population on adherence in patients with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional, non-interventional study aims to re-examine the recognised correlation between insight and adherence in this population, whilst exploring the association between patient demographics and adherence to help bring understanding to how familial and environmental factors may impact adherence. Methods: Patients were recruited upon attendance to outpatient’s appointments and admission to the psychiatry department of Manipal Teaching Hospital. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on patient demographics, including age, ethnicity, religion, employment status, current living arrangements and education level; the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS); and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) score. Descriptive statistics on the demographics, BIS and DAI-10 were collated using SPSS. An analysis of variance of DAI-10 scores according to participant demographics was performed using a one-way ANOVA analysis. Correlation between the BIS and BIS subscales and the DAI-10 was tested using Pearson’s 2-tailed analysis at 0.01 significance level.Results: 19 participants consented to participate in this study with 100% data obtained. 57.9% unemployed, 63.2% living with parents and 47.4% had only a basic education. 36.8% of participants had poor insight; 84.2% of participants had poor insight into their symptoms; 78.9% of participants had poor insight into their illness and 36.8% had poor insight into their need for treatment. 52.7% of participants were poor adherers. No significant differences in DAI-10 scores were found between demographic groups. A positive correlation was found between the total BIS score and DAI-10 score (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.585; P value = 0.009). Furthermore, the awareness of need for treatment subscale score and the DAI-10 score found a correlation coefficient of 0.609 (P value = 0.006). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found prevalent non-adherence to medication and demonstrated that insight correlates with adherence. Although study findings did not suggest that patient demographics were associated with non-adherence, it is important to consider the possibility that these high rates of non-adherence have other contributing factors; overcoming rural health inequality, cultural beliefs regarding psychiatric illness and unaffordability remain the great challenges for the Nepalese population.

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HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI KERJA DENGAN PERILAKU CARING PERAWAT DI RUANGAN INTERNIS RUMAH SAKIT SANTA ELISABETH MEDAN TAHUN 2015

Elisabeth Health Jurnal ◽

10.52317/ehj.v1i1.184 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Gabriel Naibaho

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Work Motivation ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caring Behaviors ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Caring Behavior ◽

High Motivation ◽

Convenience Sampling

High motivation in a person will encourage them to act properly so that it will affect the productivity of work, conversely, if the nurses are not guided by a strong desire and motivation to work it will have an impact on work satisfaction of the nurses and it reflects a low caring behavior that make the nurses become lazy and in doing their activities of serving and taking care of the patients. Goal:The purpose of this study to analyze the effects of exercise range of motion The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between work motivation with nurses’ caring behaviors in internist room of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan. Methods:This study uses a correlative descriptive research design with cross sectional approach. The technique of sampling was performed by using non-probability technique with convenience sampling, with 51 respondents using questionnaire sheets of work motivation 20 statements and 42 statement of the nurses’ caring behavior. Result:The result of the study shows that work motivation category good is as many as 44 (86.3%) nurses, and category good enough is 7 (13.7%) nurses. The nurses’ caring behavior with good category is 16 (31.4%) nurses, good enough is 35 (68.6%) nurses. Conclusion:Based on spearman’s rho test P value = 0.001 and correlation coefficient = 0.603 it can be concluded that research hypothesis (Ha) is accepted that is there is correlation between work motivation with nurses’ caring beahvior in internis room of Elisabeth Hospital Medan. It is suggested to nurses to improve the knowledge, attitudes and skills especially when carrying out their role as executor of professional nursing actions.

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Evaluation of full cup test and numeric pain rating scale in the assessment of orofacial pain

International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry ◽

10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 292-295

Author(s):

Roland Prethipa P ◽

Jimsha V K ◽

Jonathan Daniel M

Keyword(s):

Pain Assessment ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Orofacial Pain ◽

Study Data ◽

Self Report ◽

P Value ◽

Pain Rating ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Numeric Pain Rating Scale ◽

Pain Rating Scale

Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.

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Beban dengan Koping Keluarga Saat Merawat Pasien Skizofrenia yang Mengalami Perilaku Kekerasan

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v11i2.1980 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Jek Amidos Pardede ◽

Laura Mariati Siregar ◽

Merius Halawa

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Family Members ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

P Value ◽

Subjective Burden ◽

Family Coping ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

<p>Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is chronic, reality disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and difficulty in doing activities. Violent behavior is a form of aggressive behavior that causes suffering or hurts others, has an angry response, is expressed by threatening, injuring oneself and others, and can damage the environment. The study aims to determine the relationship of burden with a family coping when treating schizophrenic patients who experience violent behavior in the Prof.Dr.M.Ildrem mental hospital Medan. Descriptive correlation research design with a cross-sectional approach. The entire population of schizophrenic patients who treat family members with violent behavior who undergo outpatient as many as 384 people. Samples totaling 79 people with a sampling technique is a consecutive sampling. The results obtained that the objective burden of the majority family is 74,7% and the subjective burden of the majority family is 60,8%, coping of the adaptive majority family is 97,5%. It is known that there is a strong relationship between burden and family coping when treating patients with schizophrenia who experience violent behavior (p-value=0,000; p-value<0,01) with an objective load value of the correlation coefficient (r)=0,522. And the subjective load coefficient correlation coefficient (r)=0,525. Families are expected to reduce objective and subjective burdens when treating schizophrenic patients who experience violent behavior by increasing adaptive family coping so that the burden in the family is lighter and able to care for family members better.</p>

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Hubungan Peran Orang Tua Dengan Perilaku Perawatan Diri Saat Menstruasi Pada Siswi Kelas VII Di Smpn 3 Bantul Yogyakarta

Jurnal Riset Kebidanan Indonesia ◽

10.32536/jrki.v2i2.24 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

Enny Fitriahadi ◽

Dieng Erika Merly Nastasia

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional

Latar belakang: Menstruasi pertama sering digunakan sebagai kriteria kematangan seksual anak perempuan, tetapi ini bukanlah perubahan fisik pertama dan terakhir yang terjadi selama masa puber. Menstruasi pertama dapat menimbulkan reaksi yang posotif dan juga negatif bagi masa remaja perempuan. Apabila mereka sudah dipersiapkan dan mendapat informasi tentang akan datangnya menstruasi maka mereka tidak akan mengalami kecemasan dan reaksi negatif lainnya, tetapi apabila mereka kurang memperoleh informasi maka akan merasakan pengalaman yang negatif. Tujuan penelitian: Diketahuinya hubungan peran orang tua dengan perilaku perawatan diri saat menstruasi pada siswi kelas VII di SMPN 3 Bantul Yogyakarta. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 95 siswi di SMPN 3 Bantul Yogyakarta. Analisis data bivariate menggunakan Kendall Tau. Hasil: Hasil uji statistik didapatkan P value 0,000 (P = 0,05) dengan Correlation Coefficient sebesar 0,506 berarti terdapat hubungan yang positif sebesar 50,6% artinya Ho ditolak atau terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran orang tua dengan perilaku perawatan diri saat menstruasi pada siswa kelas VII SMP N3 Bantul Yogyakarta. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan peran orang tua dengan perilaku perawatan diri saat menstruasi pada siswi kelas VII SMPN 3 Bantul Yogyakarta.

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Caries Pattern In Primary Molars With Early Pulpal Involvement In Mixed Dentition

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0410.01378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. OR1-OR6

Author(s):

Deepti Arora ◽

Anil Gupta ◽

Shalini Garg ◽

Ankit Srivastava ◽

Shikha Dogra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subsequent Development ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Caries Experience ◽

P Value ◽

Occlusal Caries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Proximal Caries ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Distal Surface

INTRODUCTION: Caries in primary dentition may lead to high risk in permanent dentition; it is therefore important to identify those children who are caries affected. Specific and distinct patterns of caries attack might indicate a distinct etiology or are most likely associated with the subsequent development of carious lesions on other surfaces of teeth.AIM: To assess caries susceptibility and prevalence in primary teeth and evaluate the prevalence of caries according to individual molar surfaces in 4-8 year old children.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric department of SGT Dental College using convenient sampling with caries in teeth as chief complaint. 70 radiographs were examined in the age group of 4-8 years. Lesions present on mesial, distal and occlusal surfaces were recorded on the chart after radiographic examination.RESULTS: As per results, distal surface of D(45.40%) and mesial surface of E (37.80%) showed maximum caries on adjacent proximal surfaces and significant dependence (p value<0.05) was found between the presence of lesions on adjacent proximal surfaces. The D(76.1% )and E(79.1% )showed significantly higher caries experience on the proximal surfaces in conjunction with occlusal caries but were statistically not significant.CONCLUSION: In the presence of non-proximal caries (occlusal caries), the chances of proximal caries are increased as seen radiographically. Thus need for treatment, are likely being underestimated during visual examinations alone.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCREEN TIME AMONG CHILDREN WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT

Midwifery and Nursing Research ◽

10.31983/manr.v3i2.7624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

Siska Nawang Ayunda Maqfiro ◽

Irmasanti Fajrin ◽

Nurkila Suaib

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Digital Media ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Screen Time ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Statistical Test ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spearman Rank ◽

The Relationship

Background: The growth and development of children are two events that are different in nature but are related to one another. It is possible for people in downtown areas to experience easy internet access, so that everything cannot be separated from digital media. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic like today, where children have to stay at home more, besides that learning is also done from home, so the screen time has increased. The goals of the research is to analyze the relationship between screen time among children with nutritional status and their development.Methods: The research design used cross sectional analysis. The population is all children aged 3-5 years in Kalumpang Village in November 2020 as many as 497 children, the number of samples is 84 children using purposive sampling technique.Results: Based on the spearman-rank statistical test, it is known that p-value = 0.002 (p-value α), which with the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.330 that the relationship between Screen time with nutritional status is in the low category and has a positive relationship direction, namely the higher the screen time, the higher the nutritional status. Meanwhile, based on the spearman-rank statistical test, it is known that p-value = 0.001 (p-value α), with the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.371 that the relationship between Screen time with development is in the low category and has a positive relationship direction, namely the higher the screen time, the development will deviate from age.Conclusion: There is a relationship between screen time and nutritional status and there is a relationship between screen time and children development. So it is very important to improve parental control behavior towards the use of electronic devices in children aged 3-5 years old.

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The Association between Behavioral Problems with SelfEsteem and Self-Concept in Pediatric Patients with Thalassemia

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.18502/ijps.v16i1.5377 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Mohamad Kazem Nourbakhsh ◽

Minoo Atamanesh ◽

Mohammad Effatpanah ◽

Mona Salehi ◽

Morteza Heidari

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Behavioral Disorder ◽

Self Concept ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: High prevalence of behavioral and psychological disorders in children with thalassemia can be associated with a decrease in the self-esteem of patients and can completely alter the person's self-concept. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral problems and its relationship with self-esteem and self-concept in patients with thalassemia major aged 6 to 18 years. Method: In a cross-sectional study, 30 patients with thalassemia major at the age of 6 to 18 years were enrolled. behavioral problems, self-esteem, and self-concept were evaluated by the child's behavioral check list at the ages of 6 to 18 years (CBCL 6-18), the Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Results: A total of 10.0% of patients had behavioral disorders, 3 (10.0%) desirable self-esteem, 15 (50.0%) moderate self-esteem, and 12 (40.0%) poor self-esteem. There was a strong but adverse correlation between behavioral disorder score and both self-esteem score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.886, p value = 0.001) and self-concept score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.498, p value = 0.001), and thus those patients with behavioral disorder had less appropriate self-esteem and self-concept. Conclusion: The incidence of behavioral disorders is associated with decreased self-esteem and poor self-concept in these patients. Therefore, improvement in behavioral disorders can be expected by improving self-esteem and selfconcept in such patients.

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Association between Smoking and Academic Performance among Under-Graduate Students of Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.12718/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sana Ullah ◽

Siham Sikander ◽

Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi ◽

Syed Aftab Rahim ◽

Babar Hayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Prevalence of smoking is on the rise and its harmful effects on every organ of body are well known. Smoking is a growing concern due to adverse effects on health, its association with academic performance is not well studied. Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of smoking among undergraduate students of age 18-24 years in a public sector university of Islamabad, association between smoking and academic performance and also to assess the reasons of smoking initiation among undergraduate students. Methods The study included 500 undergraduate students. A self-report structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, parent’s smoking, friend’s smoking, time spent on mobile and TV and academic performance for collection of data. Logistic regression was used for association between smoking and academic performance. Results Results of study show that 112/500 (22.4%) students were smokers among them 93/112 (34.6%) were males and 19/112 (8.2%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 21.50 years (SD: 1.72. Prevalence of smoking was higher in students belonging to rural areas 23.5% to that of urban areas 21.9%. Three major reasons of smoking initiation; 25% students stated peers and friends, 21% stated easy availability while 14% said it was fun and enjoyment they started smoking. High academic performance was found to be inversely proportional to student’s smoking; at p-value 0.000 smokers had 2.5 (1.77, 3.74) odds of lower academic performance, boys having 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) odds of lower academic performance in last semester exams. Conclusion Findings highlighted extensive cigarette smoking among undergraduate students of Islamabad. Smoking is significantly and negatively associated with academic performance.

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Awareness and Perception of Undergraduate Students towards Risk Associated with Wireless Electromagnetic Field Radiation Exposure in Enugu, South-East Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/43369.13853 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emeka Kevin Mgbe ◽

Chinenye Glory Mgbe ◽

Chuks Enyereibe Ajare ◽

Amaka Obiageli Nnamani

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Health Belief ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Telecommunication Equipment

Introduction: Use of telecommunication equipment (cell phone or mobile phone, tablets, walkie-talkie, ipads, ipods, android) has been on the increase globally. There is an estimate of over 145 million active subscribers on record in Nigeria. Hence, there is need for correct information about the associated risk of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) exposure of equipment so as to curb its debilitating effects. Aim: To evaluate the level of awareness and perceived health risks of EMFs exposure (Radiation) among undergraduate students’ of various discipline. Materials and Methods: The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used with descriptive cross-sectional research design from March 2017 to November 2018 to evaluate awareness and perception of EMF radiation exposure. Structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with a predominantly 1-5 scale grading was applied for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 14 with correlation coefficient (r) and Chi-square test (χ2) of p-value <0.05 as significant. Results: A total of 576 undergraduate students from six tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Eastern Nigeria were recruited for the study. A total of 43% were males while 57% were females. Even though majority (93.9%) of the respondents rightly defined the meaning of EMF as a wave that transmits energy through space or material medium, only 34.6% had significant awareness of the radiation effect of this equipment. About 82% of respondents kept their telecommunication equipment close to their body thereby increasing exposure to EMF. The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.806 and the p-value <0.05 shows that there is a high positive relationship between risk reduction strategies like use of hand-free/ear piece etc., and level of awareness among students. There was significant positive correlation between awareness of EMF radiation and faculty of studies as well between perceived EMF risk and year of study (Each p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Increase in the level of health education is a key to reduction of risk of EMF exposure (Radiation) among undergraduate telecommunication equipment users and this invariably applies to the entire general population.

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Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Kemandirian Anak Di TK Widya Bakti Desa Nongan, Kecamatan Rendang, Kabupaten Karangasem

Journal Center of Research Publication in Midwifery and Nursing ◽

10.36474/caring.v5i1.185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 46-56

Author(s):

Agung Darmawan ◽

Ni Putu Amelia Puspita

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Probability Sampling ◽

Spearman's Rho ◽

Spearman’S Rho

Latar Belakang: Pola asuh orang tua adalah cara atau metode yang ditempuh orang tua dalam mengasuh dan menerapkan kemandirian kepada anaknya dalam membentuk watak, kepribadian, dan memberikan nilai-nilai bagi anak agar dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan. Kemandirian anak dibentuk dari lingkungan yang utama yaitu keluarga dan pola asuh orang tua yang akan mempengaruhinya. Apabila kemandirian anak tidak dilatih sejak dini oleh orang tua maka akan mengganggu kehidupan sosial anak dan anak tidak dapat bersosialisasi dengan baik di lingkungannya. Tujuan Penelitian: tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua terhadap kemandirian anak di TK Widya Bakti Desa Nongan, Kecamatan Rendang, Kabupaten Karangasem. Metedologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 38 orang. Teknik sampling dengan cara non probability sampling yaitu total sampling. Instrument pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner pola asuh orang tua dan kuesioner kemandirian anak. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Spearman’s rho. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pola asuh orang tua berada pada kategori cukup baik, yaitu sebanyak 20 responden atau 52,6%. Hasil analisis kemandirian anak menunjukkan sebagian besar anak memiliki tingkat kemandirian yang telah berkembang sesuai harapan, yaitu sebanyak 23 responden (60,5%). Hasil analisis menggunakan uji Spearman’s rho didapatkan hasil nilai p-value = 0,000 yang berarti nilai p≤0,05 dengan nilai Correlation Coefficient (r) sebesar 0,851. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa Ho dalam penelitian ditolak yang artinya ada hubungan yang kuat antara pola asuh orang tua terhadap kemandirian anak di TK Widya Bakti Desa Nongan, Kecamatan Rendang, Kabupaten Karangasem. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut diharapkan para orang tua khususnya yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah agar memperhatikan pola pengasuhan yang diberikan agar tidak mengganggu perkembangan mental anak.

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