Measure of Insight into Cognition—Self Report

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Medalia
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Insight Into

Speed vs. comfort: Testing the efficacy of a single question for predicting transit users’ route choices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph John Pyne Simons ◽  
Ilya Farber
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Single Question ◽  
Insight Into

Not all transit users have the same preferences when making route decisions. Understanding the factors driving this heterogeneity enables better tailoring of policies, interventions, and messaging. However, existing methods for assessing these factors require extensive data collection. Here we present an alternative approach - an easily-administered single item measure of overall preference for speed versus comfort. Scores on the self-report item predict decisions in a choice task and account for a proportion of the differences in model parameters between people (n=298). This single item can easily be included on existing travel surveys, and provides an efficient method to both anticipate the choices of users and gain more general insight into their preferences.

388 Familial natural short sleepers have greater resilience than unaffected family members

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A154-A155
Author(s):  
Liza Ashbrook ◽  
Andrew Krystal ◽  
Ying-Hui Fu ◽  
Louis Ptáček
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Distinct Phenotype ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Restorative Sleep ◽  
Bounce Back ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Introduction Resilience, a life-long trait, corresponds to the ability to bounce back from adversity. What factors influence resilience is unclear. Here we describe a cohort of individuals with familial natural short sleep (FNSS). Four genes in five families have been identified that confer this trait, DEC2, NPSR1, GRM1 and ADRB1. Individuals in this cohort share a resilience phenotype alongside this decreased sleep need. Methods Those reporting less than 6.5 hours of sleep when allowed to sleep ad libitum without any complaints regarding overnight sleep or daytime sleepiness were then interviewed to determine FNSS affected status from 2009 to 2020. Data on mood, depression, sleepiness and resilience were collected from participants and family members enrolled in the FNSS study. Results 163 individuals meeting criteria for FNSS were enrolled. Compared to 47 unaffected family members, they had significantly shorter sleep duration as measured by self report and actigraphy, significantly more resilience as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, significantly less sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and significantly fewer symptoms of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Conclusion FNSS individuals appear to have a distinct phenotype including shorter sleep duration, greater resilience, less subjective sleepiness, and fewer symptoms of depression. Better understanding the genetics and characteristics of those with familial natural short sleep may provide insight into mechanisms of both restorative sleep and resilience. Support (if any) This work was supported by NIH grants NS099333, NS072360 and NS104782 to L.J.P. and Y-H.F., and by the William Bowes Neurogenetics Fund to L.J.P. and Y.H.F.

scholarly journals Using Compassionate Mind Training as a Resource in EMDR: A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Beaumont ◽  
Caroline J. Hollins Martin
Keyword(s):  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Compassion Scale ◽  
Mind Training ◽  
Current Signature ◽  
Insight Into

This case study examines the contribution of compassionate mind training (CMT) when used as a resource in the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of a 58-year-old man, who presented after a recent trauma with psychological distress and somatic symptoms—an inability to sign his name. Self-report questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Impact of Events Scale-R [IES-R], and Self-Compassion Scale [SCS]) were administered at pretherapy, midtherapy, posttherapy, and 9-month follow-up. EMDR with CMT facilitated recall of forgotten memories about his sister’s traumatic death decades previously, with related emotions of shame and grief, creating insight into how these past events linked to his current signature-signing phobia. Eight sessions of therapy resulted in an elimination of the client’s signature-signing phobia and a reduction in trauma-related symptoms, elevation in mood, and increase in self-compassion. Effects were maintained at 9-month follow-up. The “Discussion” section highlights the value of working collaboratively with clients to best meet their individual needs.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional, non-interventional study of the correlation between insight and adherence in schizophrenia in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen Henrietta Stokes ◽  
Uddhav Lama ◽  
Jai Bahadar Khattri
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: There is a significant lack of research in the Nepalese study population on adherence in patients with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional, non-interventional study aims to re-examine the recognised correlation between insight and adherence in this population, whilst exploring the association between patient demographics and adherence to help bring understanding to how familial and environmental factors may impact adherence. Methods: Patients were recruited upon attendance to outpatient’s appointments and admission to the psychiatry department of Manipal Teaching Hospital. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on patient demographics, including age, ethnicity, religion, employment status, current living arrangements and education level; the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS); and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) score. Descriptive statistics on the demographics, BIS and DAI-10 were collated using SPSS. An analysis of variance of DAI-10 scores according to participant demographics was performed using a one-way ANOVA analysis. Correlation between the BIS and BIS subscales and the DAI-10 was tested using Pearson’s 2-tailed analysis at 0.01 significance level.Results: 19 participants consented to participate in this study with 100% data obtained. 57.9% unemployed, 63.2% living with parents and 47.4% had only a basic education. 36.8% of participants had poor insight; 84.2% of participants had poor insight into their symptoms; 78.9% of participants had poor insight into their illness and 36.8% had poor insight into their need for treatment. 52.7% of participants were poor adherers. No significant differences in DAI-10 scores were found between demographic groups. A positive correlation was found between the total BIS score and DAI-10 score (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.585; P value = 0.009). Furthermore, the awareness of need for treatment subscale score and the DAI-10 score found a correlation coefficient of 0.609 (P value = 0.006). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found prevalent non-adherence to medication and demonstrated that insight correlates with adherence. Although study findings did not suggest that patient demographics were associated with non-adherence, it is important to consider the possibility that these high rates of non-adherence have other contributing factors; overcoming rural health inequality, cultural beliefs regarding psychiatric illness and unaffordability remain the great challenges for the Nepalese population.

Scaling Response Processes on Personality Items Using Unfolding and Dominance Models

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke M. Weekers ◽  
Rob R. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Dutch Translation ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Unfolding Irt Models ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Stark, Chernyshenko, Drasgow, and Williams (2006) and Chernyshenko, Stark, Drasgow, and Roberts (2007) suggested that unfolding item response theory (IRT) models are important alternatives to dominance IRT models to describe the response processes on self-report personality inventories. To obtain more insight into the structure of personality data, we investigated whether dominance or unfolding IRT models are a better description of the response processes on personality trait inventories constructed using dominance response processes or ideal-point response processes. Data from 866 adolescents on a Dutch personality inventory, the NPV-J ( Luteijn, van Dijk, & Barelds, 2005 ), and from 704 adolescents on a Dutch translation of an Order scale ( Chernyshenko et al., 2007 ) were used. Results from Stark et al. (2006) and Chernyshenko et al. (2007) were partly supported. The self-report inventory that was constructed using dominance response processes (NPV-J) consisted mostly of items with monotonically increasing item response functions (IRFs), but some IRFs were single-peaked. The Order scale (constructed on the basis of ideal-point response processes) consisted of items with monotonically increasing, decreasing, and single-peaked IRFs. Further implications for personality test construction are discussed.

SEC credits self-reporting and cooperation in not imposing penalty on ICO sponsor

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Daniel Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Securities Laws ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Civil Penalty ◽  
Do So

Purpose To explain a February 20, 2019 US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) settled enforcement action against Gladius Network LLC for failing to register an initial coin offering (ICO) under the federal securities laws, in which Gladius was able to avoid a civil penalty by self-reporting the violation and cooperating with the SEC enforcement staff. Design/methodology/approach Explains Gladius’ self-reporting, cooperation and remedial steps; why the SEC imposed no civil penalty on Gladius; and two similar cases the SEC instituted in July 2018 against companies that conducted unregistered ICOs, did not self-report, and were penalized. Provides analysis and conclusions. Findings The Gladius case offers important insight into how the SEC and its staff think about cooperation credit in resolving SEC enforcement actions and sends a clear message that self-reporting to the SEC can result in meaningful cooperation credit. In three recent cases, the Commission has made clear that once it put the industry on notice that ICOs could be securities that must be registered under the federal securities laws, a party risks enforcement action by failing to do so. Originality/value Expert analysis and guidance from an experienced securities lawyer who counsels clients on all manner of SEC enforcement, examination and regulatory policy matters.

scholarly journals Interoceptive dimensions across cardiac and respiratory axes

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1708) ◽  
pp. 20160014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Garfinkel ◽  
Miranda F. Manassei ◽  
Giles Hamilton-Fletcher ◽  
Yvo In den Bosch ◽  
Hugo D. Critchley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Interoceptive Sensitivity ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Insight Into

Interoception refers to the sensing of signals concerning the internal state of the body. Individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity are proposed to account for differences in affective processing, including the expression of anxiety. The majority of investigations of interoceptive accuracy focus on cardiac signals, typically using heartbeat detection tests and self-report measures. Consequently, little is known about how different organ-specific axes of interoception relate to each other or to symptoms of anxiety. Here, we compare interoception for cardiac and respiratory signals. We demonstrate a dissociation between cardiac and respiratory measures of interoceptive accuracy (i.e. task performance), yet a positive relationship between cardiac and respiratory measures of interoceptive awareness (i.e. metacognitive insight into own interoceptive ability). Neither interoceptive accuracy nor metacognitive awareness for cardiac and respiratory measures was related to touch acuity, an exteroceptive sense. Specific measures of interoception were found to be predictive of anxiety symptoms. Poor respiratory accuracy was associated with heightened anxiety score, while good metacognitive awareness for cardiac interoception was associated with reduced anxiety. These findings highlight that detection accuracies across different sensory modalities are dissociable and future work can better delineate their relationship to affective and cognitive constructs. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

scholarly journals The VAGUS insight into psychosis scale – Self-report and clinician-rated versions

2014 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 1084-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Gerretsen ◽  
Gary Remington ◽  
Carol Borlido ◽  
Lena Quilty ◽  
Sabrina Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals What is the role of depression in the discrepancy between estimated and actual iPhone use? An exploratory analysis using cubic response surface analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Sewall ◽  
Douglas Parry
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Insight Into

The association between depression and digital media use has received substantial research and popular attention in recent years. While meta-analytic evidence indicates that there is a small, positive relationship between digital media use and depression, almost all studies rely on self-report measures of digital media use. Evidence suggests these measures are poor reflections of usage measures derived from digital trace data. Additionally, a recent study showed that the error in self-reported digital media use is likely biased systematically by factors that are fundamental to the effect being investigated: respondents’ volume of use and level of depression. The current exploratory study harnesses cubic response surface analysis—a novel analytical approach in this domain—to advance our understanding of how inaccuracies in self-report measures of digital media use can be explained by respondent attributes, in this case their level of depression and actual iPhone usage. A sample of 325 iPhone users provided estimates of their total iPhone use over the past week, their actual iPhone use as recorded by the Apple Screen Time application, and a measure of their depression (CESD-R-10). The results of the analysis indicate that depression is i.) more strongly associated with estimated than device-logged DMU; ii.) more associated with over-estimating than under-estimating of DMU; and iii.) more associated with inaccuracy at lower versus higher levels of DMU. The findings raise important questions concerning the validity of conclusions in this area and provide insight into the structure of measurement error in self-report estimates of digital media use.

scholarly journals Identifying the Underlying Factors Associated With Patients’ Attitudes Toward Antidepressants: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Patient Drug Reviews

10.2196/10726 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e10726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Zolnoori ◽  
Kin Wah Fung ◽  
Paul Fontelo ◽  
Hadi Kharrazi ◽  
Anthony Faiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Insight Into

Background Nonadherence to antidepressants is a major obstacle to deriving antidepressants’ therapeutic benefits, resulting in significant burdens on the individuals and the health care system. Several studies have shown that nonadherence is weakly associated with personal and clinical variables but strongly associated with patients’ beliefs and attitudes toward medications. Patients’ drug review posts in online health care communities might provide a significant insight into patients’ attitude toward antidepressants and could be used to address the challenges of self-report methods such as patients’ recruitment. Objective The aim of this study was to use patient-generated data to identify factors affecting the patient’s attitude toward 4 antidepressants drugs (sertraline [Zoloft], escitalopram [Lexapro], duloxetine [Cymbalta], and venlafaxine [Effexor XR]), which in turn, is a strong determinant of treatment nonadherence. We hypothesized that clinical variables (drug effectiveness; adverse drug reactions, ADRs; perceived distress from ADRs, ADR-PD; and duration of treatment) and personal variables (age, gender, and patients’ knowledge about medications) are associated with patients’ attitude toward antidepressants, and experience of ADRs and drug ineffectiveness are strongly associated with negative attitude. Methods We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the dataset. Patients’ drug reviews were randomly selected from a health care forum called askapatient. The Framework method was used to build the analytical framework containing the themes for developing structured data from the qualitative drug reviews. Then, 4 annotators coded the drug reviews at the sentence level using the analytical framework. After managing missing values, we used chi-square and ordinal logistic regression to test and model the association between variables and attitude. Results A total of 892 reviews posted between February 2001 and September 2016 were analyzed. Most of the patients were females (680/892, 76.2%) and aged less than 40 years (540/892, 60.5%). Patient attitude was significantly (P<.001) associated with experience of ADRs, ADR-PD, drug effectiveness, perceived lack of knowledge, experience of withdrawal, and duration of usage, whereas oth age (F4,874=0.72, P=.58) and gender (χ24=2.7, P=.21) were not found to be associated with patient attitudes. Moreover, modeling the relationship between variables and attitudes showed that drug effectiveness and perceived distress from adverse drug reactions were the 2 most significant factors affecting patients’ attitude toward antidepressants. Conclusions Patients’ self-report experiences of medications in online health care communities can provide a direct insight into the underlying factors associated with patients’ perceptions and attitudes toward antidepressants. However, it cannot be used as a replacement for self-report methods because of the lack of information for some of the variables, colloquial language, and the unstructured format of the reports.

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