Blood Unit Availability and its Association with Fatal Hemorrhagic Shock in Trauma Patients in a Middle-Income Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. S126
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Sansosti ◽  
Alejandro Munoz-Valencia ◽  
Francisco J. Bonilla-Escobar ◽  
Nakul Raykar ◽  
Juan C. Puyana
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Blood Unit

scholarly journals Trauma team conformation in a war-influenced middle-income country in South America: is it possible?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Carvajal ◽  
FRANCISCO URIBE ◽  
Ana Maria Angel ◽  
Maria Camila Lopez ◽  
Andres Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Team ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: Trauma teams (TTs) improve outcomes in trauma patients. A multidisciplinary TT was conformed in September 2015 in a tertiary Level I trauma university hospital in southwestern Colombia, a middle-income war-influenced country. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a TT in admission-tomography and admission-surgery times as well as mortality in a tertiary center university hospital in a middle income country war influenced country. Material & Methods: Retrospective analytical study. Patients older than 17 years, admitted to the emergency room 15 months prior and 15 months after the TT implementation were included. Patients prior to the TT implementation were taken as controls. No exclusion criteria. 464 patients were included, 220 before the TT implementation (BTT) and 244 after (ATT). Demographic data, trauma characteristics, admission-tomography, and admission-surgery time interval as well as mortality were recorded. Requirement of CT scan or surgery was based on physician decision. The analysis was made on Stata 15.1®. Categorical variables were described as quantities and proportions, continuous variables as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables were compared using Chi2 or Fisher's test and continuous variables using Student's T-test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Withney. A multiple logistic regression model was created to evaluate the impact of being treated in the ATT group on mortality, adjusted by age, trauma severity, and physiological response upon admission.Results: The admission-tomography time interval was 56 min (IQR 39-100) in the BTT group and 40 min (IQR 24-76) in the ATT group, p<0.001. The admission-surgery time interval was 116 min (IQR 63-214) in the BTT group and 52 min (IQR 24-76) in the ATT group, p<0.001. Mortality in the BTT group was 18.1% and 13.1% in the ATT group. Adjusted OR was 0.406 (0.215 - 0.789) P = 0.006Conclusions: A trauma team conformation in a war-influenced middle-income country is feasible and reduces mortality as well as admission-surgery and admission-tomography time intervals in trauma patients.

Women break down the barriers to the Vietnamese social sciences and humanities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Income Country ◽  
The West ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Valian rightly made a case for better recognition of women in science during the Nobel week in October 2018 (Valian, 2018). However, it seems most published views about gender inequality in Nature focused on the West. This correspondence shifts the focus to women in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).

International Health Research Ethics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Health Research ◽  
International Research ◽  
International Health ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Health research funded by organizations from HICs and conducted in low- and middle-income countries has grown significantly since 1990. Power imbalances and inequities frequently (but not always) exist at each stage of the international research process. Unsurprisingly then, a variety of ethical concerns commonly arise in the context of international health research, such as inequities in funding, the semi-colonial nature of international research models, the brain drain of low- and middle-income country researchers, and inequities in partnerships between HIC and low- and middle-income country researchers. In this chapter, these (and other) ethical concerns are introduced and the following ethical concepts to address the concerns are then discussed: responsiveness, standard of care, benefit sharing, community engagement, and social value. Existing guidance and remaining debates about how to specify each of the concepts are summarized. The chapter concludes by highlighting the existence of epistemic injustices within the field of international research ethics.

scholarly journals Interpregnancy interval in lower versus higher human development index countries: a hypothesis about pregnancy spacing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo S Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pregnancy Spacing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background A secondary analysis was conducted of two separate datasets to observe the association between maternal age and interpregnancy interval (IPI). Methods The IPI in a middle-income country (Guatemala) was compared with that of a very-high-income country (USA) among women with two pregnancies. Results A regression model found that with each increasing year of age, the IPI increases by 1.26 months (p&lt;0.001) in Guatemala. A regression model found that IPI decreased as women aged in the USA. Conclusions It is hypothesized that as countries progress in their development indices, women may delay childbearing, which may result in reduced IPI, as was the case in the USA compared with Guatemala in these datasets.

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