scholarly journals Upper extremity soft and rigid tissue mass prediction using segment anthropometric measures and DXA

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Arthurs ◽  
David M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Tissue Mass

scholarly journals Giant epidermal cyst of the arm: a rare presentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e227615
Author(s):  
Shaan Patel ◽  
Key Yan Tsoi ◽  
George Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Epidermal Cyst ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Slow Growing

A giant epidermal cyst is a benign soft tissue mass commonly involving the trunk, hand and face. The authors report a rare presentation of a 69-year-old man who presented with a painful, slow-growing left arm mass for 30 years duration. Examination revealed a large, mobile, soft tissue mass of the lateral aspect of the left arm. MRI showed a large, cystic left arm soft tissue mass. The mass was excised and the diagnosis of a giant epidermal cyst was made based on imaging and histopathology after surgical resection. The mass measured 9.5 cm x 8 cm x 4 cm, which is the largest reported giant epidermal cyst of the upper extremity.

Schwannomas of Uncommon Peripheral Locations: Analysis of Imaging Findings of 21 Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cigdem Ozer Gokaslan ◽  
Ugur Toprak ◽  
Emin Demirel ◽  
Cagri Erdim ◽  
Aytul Hande Yardimci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Mri Characteristics

Background: Schwannomas are benign slow-growing tumors most often associated with the cranial nerves. Schwannomas often originate from the eighth cranial nerve. They may also originate from the peripheral nervous system of the neck and extremities. However extracranial peripheral schwannomas are considered a rare entity. Objective: The knowledge of rare localizations and typical imaging findings will lead to a successfulradiological diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, we present the clinical findings and MRI characteristics of schwannomas with a rare localization involving the peripheral, lower and upper extremity and intramuscular regions. Materials and Methods: The hospital database was screened for patients with an extracranial soft tissue mass. Twenty-one cases of schwannomas were found in rare localization. We analyzed the MR images of these patients retrospectively. The MR images were evaluated in terms of tumor location, signal intensity, and enhancement pattern. The histological examination of all the patients confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. Results: In 21 patients, the schwannomas were peripheral, localized to upper (n = 6) and lower extremities (n = 11). The remaining four patients had intramuscular schwannomas. : The patients diagnosed with intramuscular schwannomas had schwannomas in sternocleidomastoid, gastrocnemius, triceps muscle and lateral wall of the abdomen. The average long-axis diameter of the tumor was 27.7 mm and the average short-axis diameter was 16.4 mm. The contrast pattern was diffused in eight tumors and peripheral in 13. Conclusion: In this study, we present clinical findings and MRI characteristics of schwannomas with a rare localization involving the peripheral, lower and upper extremity and intramuscular regions.

scholarly journals Comparing Traditional and Novel Methods in Determining Reach in Bicycle Fitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Williams ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Client Feedback ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Significant Regression

In bicycle fitting, the literature has focus historically on the saddle height and knee flexion angle. There has been little focus in the literature on postural reach; this is the distance between the saddle and handlebars. Currently, this distance is determined by a specialist, a bicycle fitter, and is generally based on a trunk, shoulder, and elbow angle; however, it is primarily based on what "looks right" to the fitter and "feels right" to the client, rather than using anthropometric measurement. This study examined whether there was a relationship between anthropometric measures and postural reach, or if ideal fit should continue to be determined by a trial-and-error process, informed by expert opinion and client feedback. This study found that there was a moderate correlation r(9) = 0.663, p < .05 between the upper extremity measure and postural reach and a fair correlation r(9)= 0.296, p < .05 between the trunk measure and postural reach. A significant regression was found between the upper extremity length and the postural reach F(1, 9) = 7.06. The finding of this study does suggest that there is a relationship between the anthropometric measures and the postural reach. However, due to the low number of data points,the external validity may be somewhat limited, and it is suggested that the study be only used as a guide for future exploration.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging features of “Proximal” hirayama disease: Case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Narra ◽  
Suseel Kumar Kamaraju
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Collar ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Hirayama Disease ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
The One

Background: Proximal “Hirayama” disease (PHD) is characterized by proximal upper extremity atrophy. It is a rare variant of Hirayama disease (HD) which involves the proximal upper limb. Recognition of PHD’s unique magnetic resonance (MR) findings is critical as the treatment options differ versus classical HD. Case Description: A 17-year-old male presented with gradual progressive upper extremity weakness and atrophy. On MR, PHD was demonstrated by C4-C5 kyphosis with a posterior epidural soft-tissue mass compressing the C4-C5 cord resulting in gliosis. As the patient declined surgery, he was followed for 1 year with a cervical collar during which time his deficit stabilized. Conclusion: PHD, characterized by proximal upper extremity weakness and atrophy, has characteristic MR findings of kyphosis associated with cord compression and ischemia/gliosis. Select patients as the one we described who decline surgery may stabilize radiographically and clinically with the protracted utilization of a cervical collar.

Head, Neck, Trunk, and Pelvis Tissue Mass Predictions for Young Adults Using Anthropometric Measures and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Gyemi ◽  
Charles Kahelin ◽  
Nicole C. George ◽  
David M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Head Neck

Accurate prediction of wobbling mass (WM), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and bone mineral content (BMC) of living people using regression equations developed from anthropometric measures (lengths, circumferences, breadths, skinfolds) has previously been reported, but only for the extremities. Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to generate comparable equations for the head, neck, trunk, and pelvis of young adults (38 males, 38 females). Equations were validated using actual tissue masses from an independent sample of 13 males and 13 females by manually segmenting full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. Prediction equations exhibited adjusted R2 values ranging from .249 to .940, with more explained variance for LM and WM than BMC and FM, especially for the head and neck. Mean relative errors between predicted and actual tissue masses ranged from −11.07% (trunk FM) to 7.61% (neck FM). Actual and predicted tissue masses from all equations were significantly correlated (R2  = .329 to .937), except head BMC (R2  = .046). These results show promise for obtaining in-vivo head, neck, trunk, and pelvis tissue mass estimates in young adults. Further research is needed to improve head and neck FM and BMC predictions and develop tissue mass prediction equations for older populations.

A Simplified Placenta-Like Brooding System in Bulgula neritina (Bryozoa)

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 130-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Woollacott ◽  
Russel L. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Bugula Neritina ◽  
Brood Chamber ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Embryonic Nutrition

Embryos of many bryozoans are retained during development within a helmetshaped brood chamber that is composed of two parts: an outer, double-walled, calcified ooecial fold and an inner, membranous ooecial vesicle. The embryo is brooded “externally” between these two structures and, in Bugula neritina, increases 27 to 35 fold in volume during its embryogenesis. Since the blastocoelic space is obliterated early in development, this change represents an increase in tissue mass. Clearly, some form of extra-embryonic nutrition is implicated. Calvet first noted that the lining of the ooecial vesicle in regions adjacent to the embryo undergoes a pronounced hypertrophy, and Marcus later proposed that this epithelium provides nutrition to the young. Sileh, however, suggested that the hypertrophied layer functions only as a supportive cushion.

Combining Values

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4, 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Common Error ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

Impairment Tutorial: Functionally Limiting Upper Extremity Pain: Controversies in Impairment Rating

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Lorne Direnfeld ◽  
James Talmage ◽  
Christopher Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeon ◽  
First Case ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This article was prompted by the submission of two challenging cases that exemplify the decision processes involved in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). In both cases, the physical examinations were normal with no evidence of illness behavior, but, based on their histories and clinical presentations, the patients reported credible symptoms attributable to specific significant injuries. The dilemma for evaluators was whether to adhere to the AMA Guides, as written, or to attempt to rate impairment in these rare cases. In the first case, the evaluating neurologist used alternative approaches to define impairment based on the presence of thoracic outlet syndrome and upper extremity pain, as if there were a nerve injury. An orthopedic surgeon who evaluated the case did not base impairment on pain and used the upper extremity chapters in the AMA Guides. The impairment ratings determined using either the nervous system or upper extremity chapters of the AMA Guides resulted in almost the same rating (9% vs 8% upper extremity impairment), and either value converted to 5% whole person permanent impairment. In the second case, the neurologist evaluated the individual for neuropathic pain (9% WPI), and the orthopedic surgeon rated the patient as Diagnosis-related estimates Cervical Category II for nonverifiable radicular pain (5% to 8% WPI).

Spinal Impairment Evaluation: Fifth Edition Changes

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Robert H. Haralson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Standard Terminology ◽  
Made In

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, was published in November 2000 and contains major changes from its predecessor. In the Fourth Edition, all musculoskeletal evaluation and rating was described in a single chapter. In the Fifth Edition, this information has been divided into three separate chapters: Upper Extremity (13), Lower Extremity (14), and Spine (15). This article discusses changes in the spine chapter. The Models for rating spinal impairment now are called Methods. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, has reverted to standard terminology for spinal regions in the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) Method, and both it and the Range of Motion (ROM) Method now reference cervical, thoracic, and lumbar. Also, the language requiring the use of the DRE, rather than the ROM Method has been strengthened. The biggest change in the DRE Method is that evaluation should include the treatment results. Unfortunately, the Fourth Edition's philosophy regarding when and how to rate impairment using the DRE Model led to a number of problems, including the same rating of all patients with radiculopathy despite some true differences in outcomes. The term differentiator was abandoned and replaced with clinical findings. Significant changes were made in evaluation of patients with spinal cord injuries, and evaluators should become familiar with these and other changes in the Fifth Edition.

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