Flame retardant cellulosic fabrics via layer-by-layer self-assembly double coating with egg white protein and phytic acid

Environmentally benign layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition was used to obtain flame-retardant and antimicrobial cotton. Cotton was coated with 8, 10, and 12 phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CH)-urea bilayers (BL) and then immersed into copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) solution. Our findings were that 12 BL of PA/CH-urea + Cu2+ were able to stop flame on cotton during vertical flammability testing (VFT) with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26%. Microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) data showed a reduction of peak heat release rates (pHRR) of more than 61%, while the reduction of total heat release (THR) was more than 54%, relative to untreated cotton. TG-IR analysis of 12 BL-treated cotton showed the release of water, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and aldehydes, while by adding Cu2+ ions, the treated cotton produces a lower amount of methane. Treated cotton also showed no levoglucosan. The intumescent behavior of the treatment was indicated by the bubbled structure of the post-burn char. Antibacterial testing showed a 100% reduction of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, cotton was successfully functionalized with a multifunctional ecologically benign flame-retardant and antibacterial nanocoating, by means of LbL deposition.

Download Full-text

Formation of H2Ti2O5·H2O nanotube-based hybrid coating on bamboo fibre materials through layer-by-layer self-assembly method for an improved flame retardant performance

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-019-02252-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 2729-2741

Author(s):

Chenmin Zheng ◽

Sili Wen ◽

Ziling Teng ◽

Chunlu Ye ◽

Qiaoling Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Hybrid Coating ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Assembly Method ◽

Bamboo Fibre

Download Full-text

Egg White Protein-Hypophosphorous Acid Based Fire Retardant Single Bilayer Coating Assembly for Cotton Fabric

10.21203/rs.3.rs-188572/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ajay Vishwakarma ◽

Vennapusa Jagadeeswara Reddy ◽

Baljinder K. Kandola ◽

Aravind Dasari ◽

Sujay Chattopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Cotton Fabric ◽

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Egg White ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽

Hypophosphorous Acid ◽

Egg White Protein ◽

Coated Fabric ◽

Char Structure

Abstract Egg white proteins (W) in combination with hypophosphorous acid (HA) were investigated for making flame retardant coating over cotton fabric adopting layer by layer (LbL) assembly technique. A novel phosphorous-nitrogen based non-inflammatory pathway was produced due to strong electrostatic interactions between egg white protein and HA. The coated cotton fabric was characterized using FESEM, ATR-FTIR, TGA and flame tests. Vertical flame test (VFT) and BS EN ISO 15025 tests were performed to understand the combustion pattern of coated fabric. The cotton fabric coated with egg white protein followed by HA (CTW+HA) showed self-extinguish properties with fragile char structure, whereas uncoated fabric was completely burnt with ash residue. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that initial decomposition temperature of coated fabric got lowered but raised the char residue at 800 ℃. Moreover, surface morphology after VFT of CTW+HA showed swollen char structure that prevented the interaction of combustible products with oxygen and heat. Thus, the developed coating could serve as excellent fire retardant due to the synergistic effect of HA and egg white protein.

Download Full-text

Constructing eco-friendly flame retardant coating on cotton fabrics by layer-by-layer self-assembly

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-020-03140-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 5377-5389 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenjia Wang ◽

Jia Guo ◽

Xiaodong Liu ◽

Hongfei Li ◽

Jun Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Layer By Layer

Download Full-text

Environmentally-Benign Phytic Acid-Based Multilayer Coating for Flame Retardant Cotton

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13235492 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 5492

Author(s):

Eva Magovac ◽

Igor Jordanov ◽

Jaime C. Grunlan ◽

Sandra Bischof

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Phytic Acid ◽

Multilayer Coating ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Untreated Cotton ◽

Average Residue ◽

Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ◽

Combustion Calorimeter

Chemically bleached cotton fabric was treated with phytic acid (PA), chitosan (CH) and urea by means of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition to impart flame retardant (FR) behavior using only benign and renewable molecules. Samples were treated with 8, 10, 12 and 15 bilayers (BL) of anionic PA and cationic CH, with urea mixed into the aqueous CH solution. Flammability was evaluated by measuring limiting oxygen index (LOI) and through vertical flame testing. LOI values are comparable to those obtained with commercial flame-retardant finishes, and applying 10 or more bilayers renders cotton self-extinguishing and able to pass the vertical flame test. Microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) measurements show the average reduction of peak heat release rate (pHRR) of all treated fabrics of ~61% and the reduction of total heat release (THR) of ~74%, in comparison to untreated cotton. Decomposition temperatures peaks (T1max) measured by thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) decreased by approximately 62 °C, while an average residue at 650 °C is ~21% for 10 and more bilayers. Images of post-burn char indicate that PA/CH-urea treatment is intumescent. The ability to deposit such a safe and effective FR treatment, with relatively few layers, makes LbL an alternative to current commercial treatments.

Download Full-text

A Flame-Retardant Phytic-Acid-Based LbL-Coating for Cotton Using Polyvinylamine

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12051202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Zilke ◽

Dennis Plohl ◽

Klaus Opwis ◽

Thomas Mayer-Gall ◽

Jochen Stefan Gutmann

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Phytic Acid ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Afterglow Time ◽

Peak Heat Release Rate ◽

Amine Groups ◽

Microscale Combustion Calorimetry ◽

Oppositely Charged

Phytic acid (PA), as a natural source of phosphorus, was immobilized on cotton (CO) in a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach with polyvinylamine (PVAm) as the oppositely charged electrolyte to create a partly bio-based flame-retardant finish. PVAm was employed as a synthetic nitrogen source with the highest density of amine groups of all polymers. Vertical flame tests revealed a flame-retardant behavior with no afterflame and afterglow time for a coating of 15 bilayers (BL) containing 2% phosphorus and 1.4% nitrogen. The coating achieved a molar P:N ratio of 3:5. Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) analyses affirmed the flame test findings by a decrease in peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by more than 60% relative to unfinished CO. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and MCC measurements exhibited a shifted CO peak to lower temperatures indicating proceeding reactions to form an isolating char on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled online with a TGA system, allowed the identification of a decreased amount of acrolein, methanol, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde during sample pyrolysis and a higher amount of released water. Thereby the toxicity of released volatiles was reduced. Our results prove that PA enables a different reaction by catalyzing cellulosic dehydration, which results in the formation of a protective char on the surface of the burned fabric.

Download Full-text