scholarly journals A Flame-Retardant Phytic-Acid-Based LbL-Coating for Cotton Using Polyvinylamine

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Zilke ◽  
Dennis Plohl ◽  
Klaus Opwis ◽  
Thomas Mayer-Gall ◽  
Jochen Stefan Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Afterglow Time ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimetry ◽  
Oppositely Charged

Phytic acid (PA), as a natural source of phosphorus, was immobilized on cotton (CO) in a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach with polyvinylamine (PVAm) as the oppositely charged electrolyte to create a partly bio-based flame-retardant finish. PVAm was employed as a synthetic nitrogen source with the highest density of amine groups of all polymers. Vertical flame tests revealed a flame-retardant behavior with no afterflame and afterglow time for a coating of 15 bilayers (BL) containing 2% phosphorus and 1.4% nitrogen. The coating achieved a molar P:N ratio of 3:5. Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) analyses affirmed the flame test findings by a decrease in peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by more than 60% relative to unfinished CO. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and MCC measurements exhibited a shifted CO peak to lower temperatures indicating proceeding reactions to form an isolating char on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled online with a TGA system, allowed the identification of a decreased amount of acrolein, methanol, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde during sample pyrolysis and a higher amount of released water. Thereby the toxicity of released volatiles was reduced. Our results prove that PA enables a different reaction by catalyzing cellulosic dehydration, which results in the formation of a protective char on the surface of the burned fabric.

scholarly journals Environmentally Benign Phytic Acid-Based Nanocoating for Multifunctional Flame-Retardant/Antibacterial Cotton

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Eva Magovac ◽  
Bojana Vončina ◽  
Ana Budimir ◽  
Igor Jordanov ◽  
Jaime C. Grunlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Combustion Calorimeter

Environmentally benign layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition was used to obtain flame-retardant and antimicrobial cotton. Cotton was coated with 8, 10, and 12 phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CH)-urea bilayers (BL) and then immersed into copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) solution. Our findings were that 12 BL of PA/CH-urea + Cu2+ were able to stop flame on cotton during vertical flammability testing (VFT) with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26%. Microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) data showed a reduction of peak heat release rates (pHRR) of more than 61%, while the reduction of total heat release (THR) was more than 54%, relative to untreated cotton. TG-IR analysis of 12 BL-treated cotton showed the release of water, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and aldehydes, while by adding Cu2+ ions, the treated cotton produces a lower amount of methane. Treated cotton also showed no levoglucosan. The intumescent behavior of the treatment was indicated by the bubbled structure of the post-burn char. Antibacterial testing showed a 100% reduction of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, cotton was successfully functionalized with a multifunctional ecologically benign flame-retardant and antibacterial nanocoating, by means of LbL deposition.

Flame retardant cellulosic fabrics via layer-by-layer self-assembly double coating with egg white protein and phytic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 118641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Qiuyan Zhang ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Yuanlin Ren ◽  
Bowen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Egg White Protein ◽  
Double Coating

scholarly journals Layer-by-Layer Deposition: A Promising Environmentally Benign Flame-Retardant Treatment for Cotton, Polyester, Polyamide and Blended Textiles

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Eva Magovac ◽  
Bojana Vončina ◽  
Igor Jordanov ◽  
Jaime C. Grunlan ◽  
Sandra Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Finishing Processes ◽  
Oppositely Charged

A detailed review of recent developments of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition as a promising approach to reduce flammability of the most widely used fibers (cotton, polyester, polyamide and their blends) is presented. LbL deposition is an emerging green technology, showing numerous advantages over current commercially available finishing processes due to the use of water as a solvent for a variety of active substances. For flame-retardant (FR) purposes, different ingredients are able to build oppositely charged layers at very low concentrations in water (e.g., small organic molecules and macromolecules from renewable sources, inorganic compounds, metallic or oxide colloids, etc.). Since the layers on a textile substrate are bonded with pH and ion-sensitive electrostatic forces, the greatest technological drawback of LbL deposition for FR finishing is its non-resistance to washing cycles. Several possibilities of laundering durability improvements by different pre-treatments, as well as post-treatments to form covalent bonds between the layers, are presented in this review.

scholarly journals Environmentally-Benign Phytic Acid-Based Multilayer Coating for Flame Retardant Cotton

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5492
Author(s):  
Eva Magovac ◽  
Igor Jordanov ◽  
Jaime C. Grunlan ◽  
Sandra Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Average Residue ◽  
Microscale Combustion Calorimeter ◽  
Combustion Calorimeter

Chemically bleached cotton fabric was treated with phytic acid (PA), chitosan (CH) and urea by means of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition to impart flame retardant (FR) behavior using only benign and renewable molecules. Samples were treated with 8, 10, 12 and 15 bilayers (BL) of anionic PA and cationic CH, with urea mixed into the aqueous CH solution. Flammability was evaluated by measuring limiting oxygen index (LOI) and through vertical flame testing. LOI values are comparable to those obtained with commercial flame-retardant finishes, and applying 10 or more bilayers renders cotton self-extinguishing and able to pass the vertical flame test. Microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) measurements show the average reduction of peak heat release rate (pHRR) of all treated fabrics of ~61% and the reduction of total heat release (THR) of ~74%, in comparison to untreated cotton. Decomposition temperatures peaks (T1max) measured by thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) decreased by approximately 62 °C, while an average residue at 650 °C is ~21% for 10 and more bilayers. Images of post-burn char indicate that PA/CH-urea treatment is intumescent. The ability to deposit such a safe and effective FR treatment, with relatively few layers, makes LbL an alternative to current commercial treatments.

Research on the Mechanism of a Novel Si/P Flame Retardant

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Wang ◽  
Xiao Chun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate

A novel Si/P flame retardant was prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Cotton fabric treated with the flame retardant was characterized by cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the fabric treated with TEOS/H3PO4 are lower than those of the fabric treated with TEOS or H3PO4 alone. The HRR and THR of the treated fabric decrease from 145.66 kW/m2 and 1.68 MJ/m2 to 70.76 kW/m2 and 0.67 MJ/m2, respectively. Total smoke production decreases from 0.080 to 0.014 m2/m2. TGA revealed that cellulose dehydration increases at low temperatures because of the addition of phosphoric acid and the production of charcoal. The generated charcoal is dense. The P and Si contents markedly increase, and exist in the charcoal in the form of P-O-C and Si-O bonds, respectively. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the main mechanism of TEOS/H3PO4 is that of a condensed-phase flame retardant. Good flame retardant synergism occurs between TEOS and H3PO4.

Synthesis and characterization of flame-retardant-wrapped carbon nanotubes and its flame retardancy in epoxy nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110245
Author(s):  
Jiangbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Pristine Cnts ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Ep Matrix ◽  
Better Than

A novel phosphorus-silicon containing flame-retardant DOPO-V-PA was used to wrap carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results of FTIR, XPS, TEM and TGA measurements exhibited that DOPO-V-PA has been successfully grafted onto the surfaces of CNTs, and the CNTs-DOPO-V-PA was obtained. The CNTs-DOPO-V-PA was subsequently incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) for improving the flame retardancy and dispersion. Compared with pure EP, the addition of 2 wt% CNTs-DOPO-V-PA into the EP matrix could achieve better flame retardancy of EP nanocomposites, such as a 30.5% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and 8.1% reduction in total heat release (THR). Furthermore, DMTA results clearly indicated that the dispersion for CNTs-DOPO-V-PA in EP matrix was better than pristine CNTs.

scholarly journals Mechanically Sustainable Starch-Based Flame-Retardant Coatings on Polyurethane Foams

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Kyung-Who Choi ◽  
Jun-Woo Kim ◽  
Tae-Soon Kwon ◽  
Seok-Won Kang ◽  
Jung-Il Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test

The use of halogen-based materials has been regulated since toxic substances are released during combustion. In this study, polyurethane foam was coated with cationic starch (CS) and montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay using a spray-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to develop an eco-friendly, high-performance flame-retardant coating agent. The thickness of the CS/MMT coating layer was confirmed to have increased uniformly as the layers were stacked. Likewise, a cone calorimetry test confirmed that the heat release rate and total heat release of the coated foam decreased by about 1/2, and a flame test showed improved fire retardancy based on the analysis of combustion speed, flame size, and residues of the LbL-coated foam. More importantly, an additional cone calorimeter test was performed after conducting more than 1000 compressions to assess the durability of the flame-retardant coating layer when applied in real life, confirming the durability of the LbL coating by the lasting flame retardancy.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Arginine-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Lyocell Fabric

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3588
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yansong Liu ◽  
Jiayue Zhang ◽  
Yuanlin Ren ◽  
Xiaohui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Before And After

Lyocell fabrics are widely applied in textiles, however, its high flammability increases the risk of fire. Therefore, to resolve the issue, a novel biomass-based flame retardant with phosphorus and nitrogen elements was designed and synthesized by the reaction of arginine with phosphoric acid and urea. It was then grafted onto the lyocell fabric by a dip-dry-cure technique to prepare durable flame-retardant lyocell fabric (FR-lyocell). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that the flame retardant was successfully introduced into the lyocell sample. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Raman analyses confirmed that the modified lyocell fabric featured excellent thermal stability and significantly increased char residue. Vertical combustion results indicated that FR-lyocell before and after washing formed a complete and dense char layer. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis suggested that incombustible substances (such as H2O and CO2) were produced and played a significant fire retarding role in the gas phase. The cone calorimeter test corroborated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) declined by 89.4% and 56.4%, respectively. These results indicated that the flame retardancy of the lyocell fabric was observably ameliorated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document