Direct transformation of fatty acid-derived monomers from dimer acid manufacturing into valuable bio-plasticizers with high plasticization and compatibilization

Abstract A sublimation procedure is described for separating dimers and polymers from oxidized or polymerized fats and oils. Under the described conditions, involving sublimation at 90°C and 0.02–0.05 mm Hg pressure, common fatty acid methyl esters standards yielded 99–2100% sublimate, methyl esters of commercial vegetable oils yielded 97.4-99.2% sublimate, heated cottonseed oils yielded 64–83% sublimate, a thermal dimer acid yielded 1.0% sublimate, and laboratory-prepared oxidative dimers and polymers yielded 7.5% sublimate. A comparison of the sublimation procedure with urea adduction gave good correlations with thermally oxidized oil samples; however, with fresh vegetable oil or with samples consisting of predominantly thermal or oxidative dimers, sublimation gave more accurate results than urea adduction.

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Waste Fatty Acid-Based Methyl Tetraglycol Ester Derived from Dimer Acid Manufacturing as an Efficient and Biodegradable Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ◽

10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04626 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jihuai Tan ◽

Fan Wang ◽

Wengeng Wang ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Xuefeng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Dimer Acid ◽

Poly Vinyl Chloride

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Physicochemical Properties Study and GC/MS Analysis of Monomer Acid

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.72 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 72-75

Author(s):

Xiao Feng Liu ◽

Xiao Yan Cao

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Mixed Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Value ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Dimer Acid ◽

Saponification Value ◽

Industry Study

Monomer acid was the byproduct of preparing dimer acid from oleic acid in industry. Study its components and properties will contribute to the exploitation and application of it. First, we researched the physicochemical properties of monomer acid, such as iodine value, acid value, saponification value, and so on. The conclusion showed that the sample was a mixed fatty acid which contained longer chain of carbon and had high quality. Then, the chemical constituents of fatty acid in monomer acid were determined by GC/MS. After the sample was etherified via methanol, the chemical components and their relative contents of fatty acid from monomer acid were analyzed by GC/MS. Fifteen fatty acids predominated: myristic acid (12.16%), palmitic acid (8.51%), stearic acid (32.72%), and oleic acid (25.53%).

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Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053188 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 78-79

Author(s):

Kenneth H. Downing ◽

Robert M. Glaeser

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Inelastic Scattering ◽

Temperature Dependence ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Direct Result ◽

Second Step ◽

Strong Temperature Dependence ◽

Electron Dose ◽

Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

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Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103565 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 300-301

Author(s):

C. S. Bricker ◽

S. R. Barnum ◽

B. Huang ◽

J. G. Jaworskl

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Acid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Anabaena Variabilis ◽

Chloroplast Envelope ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽

Photosynthetic Membrane ◽

Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

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The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01976c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yali Wei ◽

Yan Meng ◽

Na Li ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Liyong Chen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Inflammation Markers ◽

Pufa Supplementation ◽

Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

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